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After carefully adjusting the contrast between dendrite and eutectic regions, selected low magnification grey scale images were converted into a black and white threshold images and the number of white and black pixels were counted and expressed as volume percentages of each phase.
However, stereo imaging revealed that a large number of very fine micropores form in the resolidified specimen as against a small number of large micropores in conventionally processed specimen.
Redistribution of a few large micropores from conventionally processed specimen into large number of fine pores is understandable as the interdendritic structures are rather finer after re-solidification.
Tu, Grain defect formation during directional solidification of nickel base single crystals, Superalloys 1992, TMS Warrendale, PA,(1992) 125-134. 4.

Concrete mixes denoted as R3, R4, R5, and R6 containing aggregate grains of size ranges 0–4 mm, 0–8 mm, 0–16 mm, and 0–22 mm were tested (details on material characteristics listed in [6]).
Applied model was formed by cells with minimum diameter of 2 mm (see Fig. 2b) with the number of nodes about to 60,000 and number of springs about to 500,000.
Lower number of fracture events against FyDiK3D numerical model is due to FE mesh size – unfortunately when the smaller size is used, there is the greater trouble with evaluating.
But absolute value of the number of events cannot be compared – there is necessity to compare relative one.

The number and angle of small angle grain boundaries determine the mozaicity.
In this image the number of neutrons reaching the given point is shown by the intensity of the point.
The lighter is the point, the number of impacts is the greater.
The elements of A matrix are given by the numbers of neutrons reaching the given point during the measurement period.

Both data showed that the niobate nanosheets consist of distorted Nb-O polyhedra with a low coordination number.
This solution was filtered using a membrane filter (pore size, 450 nm) to remove a small amount of coarse grains.
The interatomic distance and coordination number for the KNbO3 colloidal solution were estimated to be 0.3380 nm and 3.1, respectively.
These values are lower than those of KNbO3 (mean Nb-Nb distance 0.402 nm and coordination number 6).
The K-edge XAFS (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopic data showed that the niobate nanosheets consist of distorted Nb-O polyhedra with low a coordination number.

The stepping motor was run by the motor control unit, in which a rotation speed, the number of discharges and a delay time for charging to the capacitor bank had been inputted by the PC.
After the number of discharges decided by PC was completed, nanosized powder in the chamber was evacuated with N2 gas by the rotary pump and captured in the collection chamber.
In images, grains were observed.
The particle size distribution is broadened and the particle diameters are increased with the increase in the number of discharges.
The distribution was broadened with the increase in the number of discharges, because of condensation of the particles or deposition of plasma.

In particular, Pao et.al. [5] employed molecular dynamic simulations to analyze the stress during the deposition on a substrate intersected by the grain boundaries.
The number of deposited atoms was measured in the units of a complete monolayer (ML), where one monolayer consists of atoms of the substrate.
The scattered X-ray intensity is calculated from the equation: where N is the number of simulated in-plane points, M is the number of atoms in the i-th column, is the X-ray wavelength, is the atomic scattering factor, and is the distance of the considered atom from the reference level.
As the number of deposited atoms increase, the stress tends to compression direction.

The clusters of grain size along sample surface from the FESEM image increase as the substrate temperature is increase.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by University Malaya Research Grant (UMRG) under project number RG141-11AFR, Exploration Research Grant Scheme (ERGS) under project number ER012-2011A, Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) High-Impact Research (HIR) Grant under project number F000006-21001 and by Postgraduate Research Grant (PPP)-Research under project number PG024-2013A.

The number of cracks initiated on the coating surface is the most under IF and the least under IP TMF.
Tests were stopped after a defined number of cycles and the crack density in substrate was determined by SEM.
Fine-grained MCrAlY coating shows ductile deformation behavior and low strength at high temperatures and brittle behavior and high strength below a certain temperature (called ductile-to-brittle transition Coating temperature, DBTT).
Micro-crack density in M963 substrate versus number of cycles in OP TMF for Δε mech/2=0.35%.
The number of cracks initiated on the coating surface is the most under IF and the least under IP TMF.

is the reference Reynolds number.
Considering CUDA programming features, we design the fine grain data parallel algorithm based on cells.
Table. 1 Experimental Environment GPU CPU Units per node 1 2 Cores per node 448 12 Type NVIDIA M2050 Intel Xeon X5670 Memory about 3GB 48GB Software stack CUDA 4.0 Intel C++/Fortran Compiler 11.1 Release Kylin Operating System 4.1 Numerical Experiments As the test case, the solution for the steady flow past a NACA0012 at a Reynolds number of 100 and a Mach number of 0.2 was obtained.
As the result, the pressure contours are shown in Fig. 4. 4.2 Performance on Single GPU The flow around ellipsoid at a Reynolds number of and with the angle of attack of is chosen for performance measurements.

Introduction Wireless sensor network is a distributed network system consisting of a large number of tiny sensor nodes.
Due to the limited resources of wireless sensor nodes, the number of messages stored in the MessagePool is limited, so the MessagePool will overflow and packet loss occurs.
TACK message length fcf dsn dest src Times 1Byte 2Byte 1Byte 2Byte 2Byte 1Byte While N number of MessagePool, the node returns TACK, and the Timers of TACK is equal to zero.
From Fig.6 we know that the delay increases with the increase of number of forward node, and the delay in NCTP increases faster than that in CTP.
Furthermore, the system has been deployed in the monitoring system of grain reserves, and it turns out to be reliable.