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The dislocation substructure so produced may provide additional sites for ferrite nucleation and reduce energy barrier for nucleation through a reduction in the total strain energy.
The temperature and time were recorded by a data logger for pair of standard and specimen.
Reduction in transformation temperature should resulted in less time and diffusivity for the growth of grain boundary ferrite and hence reduction in primary ferrite volume fraction and consequently in an increase of the acicular ferrite content [11].

The acquired data were subjected to ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) statistical analysis, where hypotheses of significant variance (p <0.05) were proposed between different quality evaluation points.
Components subjected to HVOF showed a substantial reduction in the hardness of their coating, exhibiting signs of porosity and deflection - undesirable characteristics in these components.
This could imply reductions in maintenance costs and simplified repair procedures, as EMNi-treated components do not show signs of excessive wear or deflection.
Although sandpaper might be perceived as a limitation due to its comparative inefficiency, it provides a notable advantage in terms of cost and labor reduction.

The obtained results for this path are analyzed and the path is improved step by step with the aim of thinning reduction.
In both linear and non-linear conditions, the reduction of friction force makes the changes more uniform.
A visual basic program is written to read and record the data from this card.
Reduction of friction force, as one of the most important parameters, plays a critical role in process fulfillment.

The conclusion that the stability of color index and the longer storage time of the low chlorine shellac samples was safely drawn up from the experimental data mentioned in this paper. 2.2 Results of ultraviolet spectrophotometer test The samples of seedlac,shellac and low chlorine shellac obtained by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd/C were dissolved into ethanol 95%(volume %) and then scanned by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
Why there is feeble difference of the maximum absorption between the shellac and the low chlorine shellac is due to not only the promotion as well as the unsaturated structure although most of chlorine are substituted while dechlorination catalyzed by Pd/C takes place. 2.3 The mechanism of catalytic hydrogen dechlorination by Pd/C H2 is a dull reduction agent during the hydrogen reduction processing of shellac for dechlorining the chlorine compacted in it.
Hydrogen is easily absorbed by palladium on its surface, and then decomposed into hydrogen atom with intensity reduction, which accelerates the dechlorination.

Plastic gears one of these application because the plastic absorbs shock of gear changes better than metal, which causes less wear on the chain and provides a low mass inertia, cost reduction, design freedom, no lubrication and noise reduction.
Dynamic mechanical analysis carried out on unreinforced Nylon 6/6, 20% short glass and 20% carbon fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 gear materials indicates the reduction of damping factor due to the incorporation of fibers.
Surface temperature of the test gears and noise generated near the gear mesh region were continuously measured and monitored using a personal computer based data acquisition system.

This can be probably ascribed to the enhanced formation and precipitation of corrosion products on the surface of the anode component Cu-Al-Ni, which resulted in the significant reduction in the potential difference of the pair [8-10].
Furthermore, since the diffusion of O2 significantly lagged behind its reduction at the low temperature, the overallelectrode process of the pair was controlled by the former.
This phenomenon was more apparent when it was seen from the fitting data of the charge transfer resistance (Rt) as shown in Fig. 6.The equivalent circuit in Fig. 5 was applied to fit the EIS results.
(2) High temperature was conducive to modifyingthe defects through the occupation of cation vacancies in the Cu2O film of Cu-Ni by Ni,as well as promoting the selective corrosion of Cu-Al-Ni alloy, leading to high galvanic corrosion tendency.The decrease of seawater temperature not only inhibited the anodic dissolution at Cu-Al-Ni anode, but also greatly suppressed the oxygen reduction at Cu-Ni cathode, resulting in the decrease of galvanic corrosion rate and effect

Previously it has been shown [2] that the internal relative humidity can be modelled using the reduction in moisture content, which results from evaporation.
If the reduction in volume or length of the paste due to shrinkage is lps and the aggregate volume remains constant, the shrinkage of paste, eps, and of concrete, ecs, can be computed using Eq. 4 and 5, respectively
(4) where eps is the shrinkage of paste; lp is the initial length or volume of the paste, which represents the cement content in the mix; lps is the reduction in the length or volume of paste due to shrinkage
The effect of these assumptions will be determined from the comparison of the model predictions with the actual measured data.

On the other hand, the residual adsorption bands of [MnO4-] in the range of 500-580 nm can also be detected at this point, revealing the inadequate reduction of Mn (VII) ions in the mixture.
The UV-vis spectrum of this sample (Fig. 2d) shows a very similar broad band covering the whole visible region of the spectrum with a maximum adsorption at about 360 nm as observed in Fig. 2b-c, which is very close to the reported adsorption data of colloidal nano-MnO2 in previous works, attributable to the d-d transition of Mn ions [12, 24, 25].
The in situ rapid formation of colloidal nano-MnO2 at room temperature in the presence of cellulose nanowhiskers through sonochemistry route, could be proposed as the ultrasound favored reduction of KMnO4 to MnO2 upon the oxidation of terminal reductive hydroxyl groups on NCW chains [7, 21].
Amat, A kinetic study of the reduction of colloidal manganese dioxide by oxalic acid, J.

Therefore, the reduction of C-H peaks indicates the removal of hemicellulose from the fiber surface.
The data suggest that the composite treated with 5% Acetic Acid is the optimal concentration for treatment.
While FTIR analysis suggests that the 10% acetic acid-treated fibers have a substantial reduction of hydroxyl content at 3350 cm-1, it does not necessarily imply complete hemicellulose and lignin extraction, since these samples contain higher levels of hydrocarbons relative to those treated at 5%.
The 10% treatment showed the greatest reduction of hydroxyl components according to FTIR analysis but retained hydrocarbons that could help prevent sudden failure under bending stress.

Oxidation and reduction reactions in photo-catalysis of TiO2 also require explanation.
The data collected from the XriteCi7800m benchtop sphere spectrophotometer at Kivanc Tekstil Company was evaluated with X-Rite Color iQC quality control software by comparing first day color to the colors obtained as a function of time (daily) under UV exposure.
Therefore, the reduction of the absorbance value by time can give an idea related to the cleaning ability of the coated textiles [10, 11].
Most absorbance reduction with 0.023 was observed at textile coated with 0.1wt% P-25 in finishing solution as provided in Fig.5.