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When the sintering temperature is increased to 1600ºC the values of fracture toughness suffer a reduction.
In previously studies [16] it was demonstrated that the increase of sintering temperature reduces the ceramics reliability, parameter which is measured by Weibull statistics, indicating that samples sintered at 1500ºC, 1530ºC and 1600ºC show Weibull modulus reduction which is approximately 10.4, 10.2 and 9.8, respectively.
With the porosity reduction and the grain size increase it is observed a clear translucence increasing in sintered materials, which indicates that the raise of translucence values is directly related to the decrease of grain boundaries and materials porosity, conditions that prevent light passage on a surface.
[8] JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000.

However, the continuous reduction of high-quality oil sources caused by constant consumption of petroleum has intensified the imbalance between supply and demand of asphalt, which results in the price of asphalt increasing successively and has heavily affected the development of road industry, it is therefore badly in need of developing a kind of new material to replace petroleum asphalt.
Results and discussion 2.1 Analysis on aging performance It has been found during the study on the aging of petroleum asphalt that it shows the features of hardening, visco-elasticity decreasing and viscosity increasing with the aging, reduction of aromatics in asphalt and the increasing content of asphaltene.
Table 1 Data of bio-asphalt viscosity changing with the holding time (Pa·S) Holding time (h) 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Rate of increase (Pa·S·h-1) Bio-I 0.35 0.43 0.54 0.64 0.76 0.20 Bio-II 0.34 0.39 0.47 0.52 0.54 0.11 Bio-III 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.05 Bio-IV 10.67 16.60 25.20 33.90 40.66 15.46 From Table 1, it is observed that the Brookfield viscosity of four kinds of bio-asphalt increases rapidly with the increase of holding time, relatively, the rate of increase of bio-asphalt produced via the method of catalytic hydrogenation is the minimum of 0.05 Pa·S·h-1, that of oxidized bio-asphalt produced via the method of water extraction is the maximum of 15.46 Pa·S·h-1, those of bio-asphalt produced via the method of reduced pressure distillation and BHT bio-asphalt fall in between, which shows that the oxidized bio-asphalt via the method of water extraction has the strongest activity and is the easiest to age, but the bio-asphalt produced via the method of catalytic hydrogenation has poor
All of the abovementioned indicate that the bio-asphalt produced via the method of catalytic hydrogenation has had part of aldehyde, ketone and carbon-carbon double bond removed [6], which results in the reduction of the content of active functional groups and the rate of increase of Brookfield viscosity.

The advantages of using DGS [10-12] are, reduction of fabrication cost and size of circuit, improve the performance of low pass filter and the microstrip line structure are easily to achieve by modeling of the simple of RLC circuits.
Whereas, the disadvantages of LTCC technologies are will influence more of fabrication process are not mature and much process development is still on-going and for both the integral passive components and the materials themselves, the RF characteristic data are not possible available.
When the reduction is done by more layers with the cost of fabrication become more complexity. 2.5 Miniaturization By Using Higher Dielectric Constants Ming [20], describe the compact microstrip cross-coupled trisection bandpass filter size can be reducing by using higher dielectric substrate.
The objective of miniaturize a devices size are lead to a reduction in the manufacturing cost and improvement in reliability.

The data was compared in terms of their parallel evolving morphology and the thermal diffusivity.
The reduction in grain size in the initial stage of sintering was subjected to the rearrangement of particles and also due to carbonate decomposition.
Thus, the thermal diffusivity values displaying reduction of thermal diffusivity at high temperature even for the same nanosized grains.
The presence of porosity significantly reduced the thermal diffusivity, due to reduction in thermal conduction pathways [11].

Reduction of these unwanted effects by optimizing the parameters of the system leads to efficiency of abrasive water jet cutting process.
Machinability used by IntelliMax software for different types of materials is the OMAX machinability whose data were used in drawing graph presented in Fig. 2.
Optimization results in increased dimensional precision, increased surface quality, increased durability nozzle, reducing the cost price, reduction of scrap, reduction of abrasive consumption.

Data obtained from XRD testing were also utilized for calculating the residual stress that were present in the specimen.
The test result shows that there is a slight hardness reduction in 300oC annealing temperature specimen due to small gap between annealing and the recrystalization temperature which is at 290oC resulting only in recovery process (the first stage of the annealing process) [10].
On the othe hand, there is no significant hardness reduction from 500oC to 600oC annealing temperature which implies that recrystalization process is finished and only grain growth was occurred [10].
This phenomenon is corresponding with the experiment, which was done by Kabash, where brass alloy is experiencing a notable drop between 400oC and 500oC followed by slight reduction after 500oC annealing temperature.

The reduction may arise from irregular distribution of fly ash in the composite.
Obi et al. [10] and Bieniaś et al. [11] reported the reduction in Ecorr as fly ash content increase in Al-Mg alloy and Al-Si based alloy respectively.
Fig. 5 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of different specimens in 5wt% NaCl Table 3 Electrochemical data of Al6061-fly ash composite Sample Ecorr [V] Epit [V] Icorr [µA/cm2] Al6061 -0.66 -0.60 1.42 5 wt% fly ash -0.90 -0.61 2.44 7 wt% fly ash -1.05 -0.62 4.23 10 wt% fly ash -1.21 - 8.60 Fig. 6 shows typical SEM images of the corroded surfaces of Al6061 and Al6061-fly ash composites after the pitting had taken place.
According to Marin et al.[17] EDXS analysis, there was a significant reduction of Ca after corrosion tests in Al-fly ash composite.

Afterwards, the reduction and oxidation peaks were determined.
According to electrochemical data can have been calculated specific capacity, conductivity, and diffusion of sodium ions can be given equation [12] [13] : Csp =∫I.dVMe.V.
EDX Result of Elemental Content Element Percentage (%) Na 18.00 Fe 10.14 P 14.47 O 57.39 CV testing was carried out to determine the existence of a reduction and oxidation process which afterwards would be displayed in the form of a voltammogram curve.
Nonetheless, there is no visible reduction and oxidation peaks on both curves, hence it cannot be determined whether a redox reaction occurred in these two samples.

The use of GFRP causes weight reduction, dimensional stability, and heat resistance, which are provided by the fibres [3].
This conclusion is based on visual analysis of the images in Figure 1 and is consistent with the data presented in Table 1, which demonstrates a positive correlation between alkali treatment duration and swelling percentage.
Moreover, the reduction in tensile strength and the corresponding increase in elongation strength observed in both treated and untreated composites are consistent with the statement of Zulkipli et al. [21].
According to their study, treatment can decrease the crystallinity degree of fibres and increase the amount of amorphous fibres, which leads to a reduction in tensile strength and an increase in acceptable elongation.

The average grain size is 11.29 µm and the percentage of LABs is 7.5% through the EBSD data.
Increase of strain to 0.5 leads to the reduction of the Goss texture component and the generation of the cube texture component (Fig. 6b).
The reduction of Goss texture component is also happened under hot compression (Fig. 7a-c).
The frequency of LABs is significantly larger than those at other temperatures during tension for the reduction of dislocation migration. 4.