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Plate-like Mg2Sn-particles were found coupled with MgZn2-needles inside the grain, as well as at sub-grain and grain boundaries.
Large precipitates are located at grain boundaries; near grain boundary (NGB) zones are depleted of precipitates.
parallel to the grain boundary.
The number of fully dissolved layers may serve as a dimensionless width of a precipitate depleted zone Discussion In agreement with previous reports [10,11] and according to the present work, during the aging of solution treated and quenched Mn-SnZn alloys, the hcp-MgZn2 precipitates nucleate homogeneously (possibly on vacancies or vacancy-Sn clusters) in the body of grains as well as heterogeneously on grain boundaries.
The dimensionless calculated width of PDZ's (the number of fully dissolved precipitate layers) and experimental values of the PDZ width after different aging periods correspond with the dependence (w/d)~1/3 that is characteristic of normal coarsening.

The contact area and the applied normal load are used for calculating the hardness number.
The model consists of an indenter, the surface grain in contact with the indenter, and the rest of sample in contact with the given surface grain.
Due to this load the indenter and grain approach a short distance δ1, and the rest of sample and grain approach a short distance δ2.
If the indented surface grain is strongly bonded to the rest of sample, the indentation modulus becomes equal to the Young’s modulus of the grain’s material.
Eg represents the Young’s modulus of the grain’s material.

Brewer's grain protein, homemade [13].
Hydrolyzes of brewer's grain protein hydrolyzed with Alcalase have no inhibitory activity.
With the reduction in the amount of the sample, the number of colonies increased gradually.
MIC of Brewer's grains peptide samples BSG-F3-3-6 for Staphylococcus aureus is 2%.
Ltd. for supplying the Brewer's grains.

The number N of high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) with misorientations exceeding 15 deg was determined along the length L of the linear intercept and the ratio L/(N+1) was considered as the average interlamellar spacing D of these structures.
This ratio can be regarded as an approximation of the total number of Fig. 4.
Mackenzie 238 high angle lamellar boundaries to the number of initial boundaries.
In their analysis, Hughes and Hansen invoke a coalescence mechanism of dislocation boundaries to explain the decreasing number of new HAGBs in relation to the number of initial boundaries.
Comparison of the average lamellar width with the geometric lamellar width (calculated from the initial grain size by assuming that no additional grain boundaries are generated) revealed that a massive fragmentation process occurred during the first two passes of rolling.

The fatigue test was interrupted and DCT imaging was conducted at certain number of cycles.
Figure 5(a) shows that mode value of grain spread orientation, where the frequency takes the highest value, stays unchanged against the number of cycles.
To examine the difference of the grain orientation spread by crystallographic planes and grain orientation, changes of the value of Δωdiff with number of cycles is shown in Fig. 5(b), where the plane indicates crystallographically equivalent plane.
Since the number of grain orientation spread in the monotonic tension tests is larger than that in fatigue test, high stress in the monotonic tension test must activate many slip systems on grains, while low stress in fatigue tests induces activate only primary slip system on particular grains.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23360056, 25420017.

The fatigue test was interrupted and DCT imaging was conducted at certain number of cycles.
Figure 5(a) shows that mode value of grain spread orientation, where the frequency takes the highest value, stays unchanged against the number of cycles.
To examine the difference of the grain orientation spread by crystallographic planes and grain orientation, changes of the value of Δωdiff with number of cycles is shown in Fig. 5(b), where the plane indicates crystallographically equivalent plane.
Since the number of grain orientation spread in the monotonic tension tests is larger than that in fatigue test, high stress in the monotonic tension test must activate many slip systems on grains, while low stress in fatigue tests induces activate only primary slip system on particular grains.
Supports of this work by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under proposal number of 23360056 (Head investigator: Professor Y.

High-angle grain boundaries increase in number with increasing the amount of cold-work.
Results and Discussion Grain size, hardness and resistivity.
Up to 7 cycles of ARB the average grain size continues to decrease, and both the hardness and resistivity increases with the number of cycles, N.
Contributions of grain boundaries to the Fig. 1.
This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, under project numbers 19025007, 19360288 and 21360311.

The TiC0.3N0.7 grains in preforms deposited on three kinds of substrates all took on anomalous equiaxed grains.
The grain size of them was all less than 3μm.
When with 45 steel as substrate, it took on near equiaxed grains.
During the metal spray forming process, the cooling rate of metal droplets was usually in the number order of 106℃/s[6-8], which was lower for one number order than that of the reactive spray forming process.
The growth of TiB2 grains along the c axis has been limited, which made it hard to form rod-like grains structure.

All results, including grain size, texture, and grain boundary characteristics, were based on the analysis of no less than 4000 different grains.
During recrystallization and grain growth, the magnetic field creates an additional driving force for grain boundary migration between adjacent grains.
In addition, grains with higher susceptibility grow at the expense of other grains during magnetic annealing.
The results of the current study are in accordance with previous reports by Zhang et al. [15] and Harada et al. [16], who explained that annealing samples magnetically produced fewer low-angle misorientation boundaries as an effect of reduction in the number of dislocations.
(3) Pulse magnetic annealing can accelerate dislocation motion and decrease dislocation pile-up, thus reducing the number of low-angle grain boundaries due to repeated magnetostriction induced by application of a pulsed magnetic field.

The interior of these new grains is free of dislocations.
ation method refines structure across Al plate in dependence on the number of passes performed and/or on level of strain introduced.
TEM microstructure analysis results indicate that there is a very low fraction of submicron grains with high angle grain boundaries even in case the strain applied is the highest.
A distinction between the values for the initial state and the deformed plates subjected to CGP straining due to the different number of pressings evident.
In order to clarify the CGP effect on grain refinement, transformation of subgrain boundaries to high angle boundaries and appearance of a small fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains, all these structural changes may substantially contribute to modification of plastic deformation of strained Al specimens, as regards the number of pressings.