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However, during forming process at high temperatures, friction and tool wear are determining factors that can affect the efficiency of the whole process.
At high temperature a larger abrasive area and more severe compaction galling occurs that can be explained by material properties of Al-Si coating at elevated temperatures.
These intermetallics can fracture during the heating and forming processes due to thermal and mechanical loads. [1] The fractured particles plays an important role in the tool wear. [2].
Hot stamping occurs at high temperatures, thus friction and tool wear are determining factors that can affect the efficiency of the whole process.
,Hahn, I., Theisen, W., Mechanical properties of AlXFeY intermetallics in Al-base coatings on steel 22MnB5 and resulting wear mechanisms at press-hardening tool steel surfaces, Surface & Coatings Technology (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.075

A cermet is ideally designed to have the optimal properties of both a ceramic, such as high temperature resistance and hardness, and those of a metal, such as the ability to undergo plastic deformation.
Corrosion is the physicochemical interaction between a metal and its environment that results in changes in the properties of the metal, and which may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal, the environment, or the technical system, of which these form a part.
This makes it necessary to study the effects of the ions in the solution on the corrosion phenomenon, with due consideration to such factors as the type of metal and anions.
The corrosion behaviour of cermet alloys should be affected by the corrosion behaviour of its components, the galvanic effect of the WC-Co couple and the galvanic effect between the matrix regions of higher W concentration.
Cyclic polarisation of WC-Co in seawater Anions as well as the structure of the surface, affect the anodic current-density potential curves in oxide-free dissolution, as in acid solutions.

Oxidation constitutes a major factor for quality deterioration of peanut oil.
Thus, it is necessary to care for each step of the process and the factors that can affect its commercial life leading to a deterioration in quality [4, 5].
PET, one of the most food container plastic materials, is however increasingly used, since it is transparent, recyclable, unbreakable, inexpensive and excellent mechanical properties.
It has long been known that temperature during storage can affect the fatty acid composition of the oil [13].
Conclusion In the present study, the effects of container type on storage properties of peanut oils were investigated.

To develop orthodontic acrylic resin powder, particles of the PMMA polymer should be considered because the particle size distribution (PSD) is the major important factor to define physical and mechanical properties of the final product.
Several factors affected the particle size and particle size distribution such as agitation rate, reactor design, impeller position, impeller design, reaction temperature, type and concentration of stabilizer, type and concentration of monomer, effect of additional surfactant and so on [9].
Compromise transparency and surface smoothness of some particles in all experimental groups (Fig.1, 2) can affect the quality of orthodontic base plate since high clarity of cured acrylic resins is necessary to identify pressure spot on oral mucosa [17].
To improve the optical properties of PMMA particles, the effect of temperature, type and location of the impeller for suspension polymerization should be also investigated.

Xian et al. [47], studied the key factors that influence the solution stability for surface treatment of carbon steel.
There are two factors: the effect of contamination ions which result in condensation between Si-OH groups in silane solution and consumption of silane during treatment.
However, in many cases, simple hydrophobic silane film does not show protection as expected, because the overall water barrier properties of silane films is a function of many factors, such as the nature of the silane, properties of substrate, surface morphology and processing conditions.
One of the cost arising factors is using alcohol and alcohol-based silanes.
"Investigation of the Barrier Properties of Silanes on Cold Rolled Steel."

Preliminary in situ diagnostic inspections were carried out for evaluating the environment conditions of the timber structures, evidencing the presence on the members of natural defects, damage and decay situations and, at the same time, characterizing the elements as respect to the wooden species and mechanical properties by means of visual grading (UNI 11118 and UNI 11119, 2004).
Furthermore, members are generally classified as belonging to class III, to which the worse mechanical properties correspond.
Concerning the mechanical characterization, for the structural models related to the erection phases of the structure the material is modelled as “new timber”, assuming the mechanical properties according to UNI 11035-2 (2003) standard; besides, considering that the timber could be affected by working lacks and degradation, the material is also modelled as “ancient timber” in the phases related to the present state, according to UNI 11119.
The assumed mechanical properties are summarized in Table 1, where g is a mean value of wood density, E0 and E90 are the longitudinal and transversal moduli of elasticity, n0 and n90 are, respectively, the Poisson’s ratio in longitudinal and transverse direction according to technical literature [6], G0,90 and G90 are the shear moduli in the parallel-perpendicular to grain planes and in transverse planes, respectively.
Mechanical properties of “new timber” and “ancient timber”.

Ho et al.reviewed the WEDM research involving the optimization of the process parameters surveying the influence of the various factors affecting the machining performance and productivity.
Different settings of pulse on time, pulses off time, wire speed selected and used in the experiments are presented in Table 1. zinc coated copperbrass wire was selected due its better friction,yield strength and enhanced machining speed properties as the tool electrode for experiments.
The composition and properties is given in Table 1.
Chemical composition and Properties of WC-15%Co Composite Wt of Wt of Grain Density Young’s Transverse Hardness Coeff.of WC Co Size g/ c.c Modulus Rupture thermal % % microfine GPa MPa HRA ExpansionK-¹ 85 15 < 1 14 520 3102.64 87.5 5.9 *10-6 3.2.
The control factors selected to analyze Taguchi L27 experiments were 4 factors at three levels, the range details of which is presented in Table 2.The process parameters with coded units and the output results are presented in Table 3.

Nickel [16], developed a thermal model based on laser heating with no material addition, temperature independent material properties, to estimate the temperature history and subsequently stresses for different deposition patterns.
The present research intends to develop a thermal model for weld based deposition using a moving Goldak Double Ellipsoidal heat source, temperature dependent material properties and time dependent material addition.
In the quiet element approach the part of structure which has not been laid as yet is included in the initial computational model but these elements are made passive by assigning them with material properties so that they do not affect the rest of the model.
These quiet elements will remain passive until the material properties are again changed to the actual values, and then they become part of the structure and thus simulate time dependent material addition.
In this paper the quiet element approach is used and the stiffness scaling is done by a factor 10-6.

Moreover, it had also affected by physic factors, namely bulk density, fiber size thickness, porosity, airflow resistivity, tortuosity, and air gap spacing [7].
Initially, oil palm fronds were removed leaf blades, cut approximately 10 mm in thickness, and sun-dried to reduce moisture content before mechanical processing.
Seddeq, “Factors Influencing Acoustic Performance of Sound Absorptive Materials,” Aust.
Arnaud, “Acoustical properties of materials made of vegetable particles with several scales of porosity,” Appl.
Ferrandez-García, “Assessment of the physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of Arundo donax L. biomass in low pressure and temperature particleboards,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.3390/POLYM12061361

Introduction In urban areas, excavation engineering danger can cause serious life and property loss because of complex conditions such as surrounding buildings, structures, transport, roads, municipal pipelines.
For the unique properties of soft soil, such as high compressibility, low strength, moisture content, so unreasonable supporting design of the foundation pit will cause excessive displacement foundation of supporting structure, excessive surrounding surface subsidence and excessive swell of foundation-pit bottom, thereby affects the pit stability.
When dividing the units, the distribution of groundwater level, soil, support position, excavation depth and other factors should be considered enough and the axial force, bending moment and shear force and the displacement of each node of retaining structure can be obtained.
Table1 Physical and mechanical parameters of soils Number Type of soil layer Layerthickness[m] [kN·m3] C[kPa] Φ [deg] 1 2 3 4 clay soil clay soil muddy soil powdered soil 1.00 2.00 15.60 >10 18.2 19.2 17.6 19.6 12.00 12.00 8.2 23.60 10.00 17.00 9.33 14.97 Analysis of effect of soil reinforcement on the supporting structure The effects of soil reinforcement inside of the foundation can be reflected by the value of m.
The physical and mechanical parameters of the reinforced soil increase with the value of m, the value of m of reinforced soil is 6MN/m4.