Search results

Two common methods to fabricate AgNP functionalized polymer matrices are used: an in situ polymerization that consists of entrapping Ag+ cations within the chains of the polymers, followed by reduction with common reducing agents, and a simple mixing of the pre-synthesized AgNPs with the polymer precursor method.
This procedure was repeated two times and the results were averaged for the accuracy of the bacterial test data.
In order to measure the antimicrobial activity of PP/Ag nanocomposites, it can be estimated by R (reduction log) according to ISO22196: R = (Ut-U0) – (At-U0) (1) where U0 is the average of the common logarithm of the number of viable bacteria, in cells/cm2, recovered from the untreated test specimens immediately after inoculation; Ut is the average of the common logarithm of the number of viable bacteria, in cells/cm2, recovered from the untreated test specimens after 24 h; and At is the average of the common logarithm of the number of viable bacteria, in cells/cm2, recovered from the treated test specimens after 24 h.
A significant reduction in the growth of bacteria can be observed on the surface of PP loaded with Ag nano-particles.

This way, we can clearly see the reduction of equivalent mean size of the particles after the hydrocycloning process, an increase in the proportion of the clay fraction and a reduction in the sand proportion, which are features that contribute for the organofilization process.
Analyzing all the results together, we notice that the efficiency of the purification process by hydrocycloning can be easily observed by the reduction of the quartz peak in the samples.
Conclusions Facing these results, we conclude the following: · the characterization tests by laser diffraction, EDX, XRD, DTA and TGA show that the sample is constituted by mineral clay of the smectite group, kaolinite and quartz, and may be called bentonite; · The purified smectitic clays present, after organofilization, an incorporation of the surfactants used, which is always inferior to that of natural clays, but with the advantage of having less accessory minerals; · The Foster swelling in diesel oil showed more affinity with clays organofilized with the surfactant Praepagen WB; The rheological data obtained from the purification and organofilization of the samples with the surfactants Praepagen WB and Ultramina TA50 were satisfactory in the proportion of 2.4g and some others in the proportion of 6.0g, faced with Petrobras' standards[19].

The data are compared with bulk CdS (vertical solid line) and bulk Cu (vertical dot line) given in (g).
The crosslink between PVA and CdS results in a considerable reduction of the intensity of O−H stretching vibration, which indicates the hydrogen bonding, becomes weaker in crosslinked PVA than in pure PVA due to diminution in the number of OH groups.
The third weight reduction above 650- 880 °C is the effect of Cd sublimation.
Significantly, the doped samples exhibit the same kind of TG curves with lower reduction rate above 650 °C which may be due to the higher melting point of copper.

The aging process of bitumen is often accompanied with the increase of asphaltenes content and the decrease of aromatics content [8], resulting in the reduction of the colloidal index Ic which is defined as the ratio of the content of aromatics and resins to that of saturates and asphaltenes according to Loeber’s report [9].
However, the physically shielding and chemically absorption of LDHs can decrease the energy of UV light photons which arrive to the bitumen molecules, resulting in the reduction of oxidation reaction.
Fig. 3 Infrared spectra of bitumen compositions before and after UV aging By comparing the changing rates of structural indexes of four compositions of bitumen, it can be known that the changing rates of Is=o of aromatics and asphaltenes of the control bitumen are 335% and 217%, respectively, but the corresponding data of LDHs modified bitumen decrease obviously to 84% and 44%.
The biggest carbonyl index decrement in changing rates of asphaltenes and maximum sulphoxide index reduction in changing rates of aromatics indicate that LDHs mainly act on aromatics and asphaltenes.

The reduction ratio and the speed of extrusion were 360 and 1.0 mm/s, respectively.
Data analysis.
The reduction ratio in the process of preparation could be responsible for this phenomenon [7].The higher reduction ratio results in a higher extrusion pressure on the outer surface than the inner surface of the PTFE hollow tube, therefore the outer surface of the PTFE hollow tube becomes denser than the inner surface.

One specific work that has been conducted on the formability enhancement of AZ31 alloy, recorded a hardness increase around 47% and a grain size reduction that is about one third after the deformation [14].
Measurement data were collected for each pass in the x direction (see Fig.2.) per every 10 mm on the middle line to examine the directional homogeneity.
Therefore, it is inferable that flow softening has less influence on strength reduction than that of micro-cracking [21].
In contrast, the highest ductility reductions were observed after the first CGP passes.

The partial removal of the extractives from the sawdust due to the cleavage of glycoside ether bonds led to the reduction of the mechanical strength of the sawdust.
This is testified by the data of the fractionation of the hydrolysed sawdust after its milling (Table 2).
The chemical pre-treatment of the aspen sawdust promoted the decreasing of the energy consumption for size reduction.
This is testified by the improvement of the mechanical properties of the obtained WPC samples and the reduction of their ability to be wetted by water.

Material Process / material Hardness Material Process / material Hardness Stain- less steel Annealing 99 HRB Al Base 43 HRB Normalizing 104 HRB % c.a reduction (3.2) 47 HRB Base 112 HRB % c.a reduction (9) 51 HRB Quenching (water) 115 HRB % c.a reduction (16) 53 HRB Quenching (oil) 117 HRB Concrete M10 10 RHN Brass Annealing - reheat 52 HRB M15 16 RHN Annealing 56 HRB M20 21 RHN Normalizing - reheat 63 HRB M25 25 RHN Normalizing 66 HRB M30 35 RHN Base 66 HRB Wood White vangai 10 HRB Quenching - reheat 71 HRB Koova pool 12 HRB Quenching 82 HRB Vangai 13 HRB White koovapool 15 HRB Vembu 16 HRB The preparation of match head composition involved a systematic procedure of mixing the chemicals together [3,4].
Swaminathan, Accident data analysis and hazard assessment in firework manufacture, Sci.

Independent Variables Units Levels -1 0 1 Catalyst dose (g/L) 0.1 0.3 0.5 Initial MB concentration (mg/L) 5 10 15 pH 5 7 9 Results and Discussion Experimental Design and Data Analysis.
However, using a catalyst dose above the optimum value (0.4313 g/L) results in the reduction of removal efficiency due to the scattering effect.
The rise of MB molecules adsorbed on LaVO4 surface in case of higher concentrations of MB leads to the reduction of active sites and consequently MB removal efficiency decreases [20].
Tawfik, Carbon emissions reduction by catalyzing H 2 gas harvested from water hyacinth fermentation process using metallic salts, Energy Procedia. 152 (2018) 1254–1259. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.178

Several studies on construction green degree evaluation were performed by previous scholars.Jinyan Liu(2011)analyzed construction green degree evaluation problem of construction project by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)[2].Bo Wang(2011)provided evaluation standards of green and civilization construction in Singapore[3].Jianwei Zhang etc.(2011) took plan design of green construction as research object among project management practice,established and perfected rules and regulations and promoted the implementation of green construction[4].Yongqiang Liu etc.(2011)introduced construction green degree evaluation from the point of cost analysis[5].Weixing Shao(2012)used the value engineering principle,AHP and fuzzy mathematics method to evaluate waste source reduction coefficient of construction stage and green degree[6].Xisheng Zhu et al.(2012) had in-depth analysis of the green construction in construction enterprises,one of difficult reason to implement was lack of effective evaluation
Table1 Construction Green Degree Indicators System for High-speed Railway Engineering Construction green degree evaluation index system of high-speed railway project A Use and economy of land resources B1 Rationality of the construction site layout plan C1 Keep the soil from pollution C2 Energy utilization and saving B2 Electric energy saving of construction and life C3 Fuel and gas saving of large scale machinery C4 Use of renewable and clean energy C5 Material utilization and conservation B3 Use of environmental and green materials C6 Saving materials and waste recycling C7 Based near and regional procurement C8 Water resources utilization and conservation B4 Water saving in construction site C9 Use of water saving device C10 Utilization of non-conventional water resources C11 Environmental protection B5 Construction site dust control C12 Large equipment emissions C13 Construction and domestic wastewater, sewage C14 Large mechanical noise reduction measures C15 Reduction treatment
Determining Correlation.Third party of green degree evaluation consists of 3 ~ 5 related people,such as construction company,government etc.To get matter-element data,green degree evaluation index of under construction high-speed rail project is quantified.