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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Chang Ling Miaw, Chung Yi Chung, Shao Wei Liao, Wen Liang Lai, Pei Ling Chung, Hwa Sheng Gau
The collected experimental data was used the ordered method to sort the tolerance ability toward SO2 of 10 tested trees species.
Table 2 displays the net photosynthetic rate of tested trees reduction after fumigation.
After 48 hours fumigation with 600 ppb SO2, the net photosynthetic rate of Viburnum odoratissimum had the maximum exchanges of all tested trees with 16% reduction after fumigation.
Table 3 displays the stomata conductance of tested trees reduction after fumigation.
Table 2 displays the net photosynthetic rate of tested trees reduction after fumigation.
After 48 hours fumigation with 600 ppb SO2, the net photosynthetic rate of Viburnum odoratissimum had the maximum exchanges of all tested trees with 16% reduction after fumigation.
Table 3 displays the stomata conductance of tested trees reduction after fumigation.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Monika Pavčeková, Rastislav Menďan
Introduction
The energy need for heating and mostly its reduction for the purpose of energy savings and environmental protection is very often discussed nowadays.
Heat losses are thus one of the input data for determination of energy need for heating.
The improving thermal-insulation properties of envelope constructions generally affect the reduction of energy need for heating.
As for overall impact of the renewal and reduction of the influence of thermal bridges on energy need for heating, the greatest savings, i.e. almost 65 % was achieved in fourth and fifth variant of renewal of the family house in comparison to the original state.
Heat losses are thus one of the input data for determination of energy need for heating.
The improving thermal-insulation properties of envelope constructions generally affect the reduction of energy need for heating.
As for overall impact of the renewal and reduction of the influence of thermal bridges on energy need for heating, the greatest savings, i.e. almost 65 % was achieved in fourth and fifth variant of renewal of the family house in comparison to the original state.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Hong Yan Li, Xiu Ping Yue
Ten major energy conservation projects is the important content of Energy Medium and Long Term Planning, included in National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan, is an important engineering measures to achieve the "Eleventh Five-Year" unit GDP energy consumption reduction goal of 20%.
Similarly, the actual pipe network just need to work in the C1 point, hence B1C1 section head of waste, but better than no speed reduction in A1B1 section head of waste.
When the flow Q respectively is Q1 and Q2, in accordance with the corresponding pipe network characteristics to adjust the speed of lift respectively is n1 and n2, working condition respectively is C1 and C2, then just pump pressure is in agreement with pipe network, no extra lift waste water than the constant pressure mode to reduce the B1C1 section head of waste, the situation better than no speed reduction A1C1 section head of waste.
[5] Wang Rongtao, WANG Xinjiang, “Variable frequency control water supply system and data acquisition research ”.
Similarly, the actual pipe network just need to work in the C1 point, hence B1C1 section head of waste, but better than no speed reduction in A1B1 section head of waste.
When the flow Q respectively is Q1 and Q2, in accordance with the corresponding pipe network characteristics to adjust the speed of lift respectively is n1 and n2, working condition respectively is C1 and C2, then just pump pressure is in agreement with pipe network, no extra lift waste water than the constant pressure mode to reduce the B1C1 section head of waste, the situation better than no speed reduction A1C1 section head of waste.
[5] Wang Rongtao, WANG Xinjiang, “Variable frequency control water supply system and data acquisition research ”.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Ernesto Mastrocinque, Gaetano Corrado, Fabrizia Caiazzo, Nicola Pasquino, Vincenzo Sergi
Table 1: Yb :YAG disk laser technical data
Active
medium
Wavelength
Range
power
Beam
quality
Focal
length
Fiber
diameter
Focus
diameter
Yb:YAG
1030 nm
80 – 2000 W
8 mm*mrad
200 mm
300 μm
300 μm
The alloy under investigation was Ti6Al4V Grade 5, whose chemical composition is given in Table 2.
This is due to the reduction of power density which was not sufficient to melt the same material width on the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece.
This is due to the reduction in the average size of grains in the melted zone.
An increase of average hardness in the melted zone with increasing defocusing due to the reduction in the average size of grains was observed.
This is due to the reduction of power density which was not sufficient to melt the same material width on the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece.
This is due to the reduction in the average size of grains in the melted zone.
An increase of average hardness in the melted zone with increasing defocusing due to the reduction in the average size of grains was observed.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Xiang Yang Li, Yu Cheng Fang, Xi Yu Luo
Preparation and fundamental characteristics of pre-alloyed powders
Pre-alloyed powders for diamond tools are prepared by chemical co-precipitation
reduction and water atomization.
The fundamental characteristics of pre-alloyed powders Symbol of powders Major component density g/cm3 Reduction temperature [;] Content of Oxygen [wt%] Loose density [g/cm3] Average particle diameter d50, [µm] 04 Fe base 8.03 620�640 0.38 3.4 17.8 05 Fe base 8.15 620�640 0.29 2.9 18.3 06 Cu base 8.72 600�620 0.24 2.6 15.3 A Cu�Co 8.48 � 1.07 ; 1.1�1.6; 4.95 B Cu�Co 8.75 � 1.04 ; 1.0�1.5; 4.45 C Fe�Co 8.05 � 0.39 2.16 13.97 EFCo 100%Co 8.9 400�420 0.28 0.9 �1.0 ; is from the references, and the others are experimental data by author.
Compactibility of powders is practical and less than that of electrolysis powders, reduction powders and chemical reaction powders. 6 �� �� �� �� �� relative density �%� �� �� �� �� � mass loss % Compressibility Simulation compactibility Figure5 Briquettability of 04 and 05 powder Weldability of 04, 05 and 06 powders is examined.
The fundamental characteristics of pre-alloyed powders Symbol of powders Major component density g/cm3 Reduction temperature [;] Content of Oxygen [wt%] Loose density [g/cm3] Average particle diameter d50, [µm] 04 Fe base 8.03 620�640 0.38 3.4 17.8 05 Fe base 8.15 620�640 0.29 2.9 18.3 06 Cu base 8.72 600�620 0.24 2.6 15.3 A Cu�Co 8.48 � 1.07 ; 1.1�1.6; 4.95 B Cu�Co 8.75 � 1.04 ; 1.0�1.5; 4.45 C Fe�Co 8.05 � 0.39 2.16 13.97 EFCo 100%Co 8.9 400�420 0.28 0.9 �1.0 ; is from the references, and the others are experimental data by author.
Compactibility of powders is practical and less than that of electrolysis powders, reduction powders and chemical reaction powders. 6 �� �� �� �� �� relative density �%� �� �� �� �� � mass loss % Compressibility Simulation compactibility Figure5 Briquettability of 04 and 05 powder Weldability of 04, 05 and 06 powders is examined.
Online since: July 2025
Authors: Anik Maunatin, Siti Qurotul Aeni, Anton Prasetyo
The photocatalytic properties of CaTiO₃ have been reported and can be utilized for the degradation of organic pollutants, water splitting into H₂ and O₂, CO₂ reduction, and other applications [4].
Plot of data (%) reflectance with wavelength (nm) of CaTiO3 compound Fig. 5.
In the absence of light, there was a reduction in Staphylococcus aureus growth because CaTiO₃ can inhibit bacterial growth, as CaTiO₃ compounds possess antibacterial properties.
Calcium titanate photocatalyst prepared by a flux method for reduction of carbon dioxide with water.
Plot of data (%) reflectance with wavelength (nm) of CaTiO3 compound Fig. 5.
In the absence of light, there was a reduction in Staphylococcus aureus growth because CaTiO₃ can inhibit bacterial growth, as CaTiO₃ compounds possess antibacterial properties.
Calcium titanate photocatalyst prepared by a flux method for reduction of carbon dioxide with water.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: S.P. Li, L. Wang, F.S. Liu, W.Q. Ao, X.X. Li, Jun Qin Li
The ball milling and short sintering time lead to the samples containing more grain-boundaries which certainly benefit to the reduction of the thermal conductivity.
The reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity leads to the reduction of the total thermal conductivity.
The figures of merit (ZT) for the samples Pb1-xAgxSe (x = 0, 0.002, 0.004 and 0.008) can be calculated by the equation ZT = S2σT/κ, using the data shown above in the investigated temperature range.
The reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity leads to the reduction of the total thermal conductivity.
The figures of merit (ZT) for the samples Pb1-xAgxSe (x = 0, 0.002, 0.004 and 0.008) can be calculated by the equation ZT = S2σT/κ, using the data shown above in the investigated temperature range.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Daniele Paganelli, Mariano Paganelli
One of the major concerns in the design of sintering bodies is the reduction in volume during the heat treatment.
It is well known that the reduction in volume during the heat treatment is a linearly dependent upon the degree of densification of the green body.
Also the second action is well known, but it has the drawback that in most cases the reduction in fired bulk density means also high porosity and lower mechanical strength.
This is due not to computational limitations, but because the input data needed for such simulations are lacking for most materials at the high temperatures required for sintering [5].
It is well known that the reduction in volume during the heat treatment is a linearly dependent upon the degree of densification of the green body.
Also the second action is well known, but it has the drawback that in most cases the reduction in fired bulk density means also high porosity and lower mechanical strength.
This is due not to computational limitations, but because the input data needed for such simulations are lacking for most materials at the high temperatures required for sintering [5].
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, Maxim O. Zolotykh, Oleg Yu. Ivanov, Yury A. Chesnokov
Thus reduction of number of sensors reduces probability of early detection of defect of lining.
It occurs at the expense of formation of blind zones (laying sites for which creation of model of a crazing is impossible because of a lack of initial data for modeling).
For reduction of influence of an measurements error it is necessary to increase distance between thermocouples of one sensors group.
It allows increase accuracy of calculations: for reduction of influence of an error of thermocouples measurement it is necessary to increase a measured difference of temperatures.
It occurs at the expense of formation of blind zones (laying sites for which creation of model of a crazing is impossible because of a lack of initial data for modeling).
For reduction of influence of an measurements error it is necessary to increase distance between thermocouples of one sensors group.
It allows increase accuracy of calculations: for reduction of influence of an error of thermocouples measurement it is necessary to increase a measured difference of temperatures.
Online since: March 2025
Authors: Ugo Masciantonio, Ferdinando Salvatore, Joël Rech, Cédric Courbon, Miguel Angel Cruz Gracia, Vincent Burnichon
The data is recorded by a 3 component Kistler 9367C dynamometer, providing the normal force Fn and the tangential force Ft applied onto the pin (Figure 3).
All the cutting fluids lead to a reduction of the friction coefficient in comparison to the dry case.
The reduction in penetration length with the reduction in normal force reached an average of 40 % for the three fluids.
All the cutting fluids lead to a reduction of the friction coefficient in comparison to the dry case.
The reduction in penetration length with the reduction in normal force reached an average of 40 % for the three fluids.