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The main developments with these alloys are concerned with processing, to control the grain structure and properties, and to achieve nearer to net-shape products by non-chip making methods.
In the as-received conditions, the microstructure is composed of primary α-phase (equiaxed grains) and secondary α-phase (platelets) with a very little amount of β phase.
Due to the strain and strain rate gradients, strain, strain rate and stress are derived at the surface of the specimen with the help of equations ( 1 ) and the Fields and Backofen [2] relation ( 2 ), which assumes isothermal test and isotropic material. 2 3 = & & N r L π ε and 2 3 = N r L π ε ( 1 ) ( )3 3 3 2 m n R σ π = Γ + +% % with ln ln N m N ∂ Γ = ∂ % & ln ln N n N ∂ Γ = ∂ & % ( 2 ) where r is the specimen radius, L the length, m% and n% the torque sensitivities to the velocity of rotation and to the number of revolutions, respectively.

Table 1 The cutting forces and the tool life Experiment number Cutting parameter Cutting forces Tool life Dept of cut ap(mm) Feed rate f(mm/rev) Cutting speed Vc(m/min) Fx (N) Fy (N) Fz (N) Time (min) 1 0.2 0.10 50 63 105 82 40 2 0.2 0.15 60 29 112 121 33 3 0.2 0.20 70 25 142 155 27 4 0.3 0.10 60 54 108 110 30 5 0.3 0.15 70 79 171 137 20 6 0.3 0.20 50 20 110 225 23 7 0.4 0.10 70 35 113 120 29 8 0.4 0.15 50 57 172 165 25 9 0.4 0.20 60 107 220 235 14 Results and discussion Results of orthogonal cutting tests are first presented in terms of cutting forces and wear patterns.
The carbide grains and the cobalt binder of the insert are worn at the same rate.
Chipping may appear when friction force pull out the WC grains from the tool surface.

The raw materials comprised the 52.5 ordinary silicate cement, polycarboxylate-type high-performance water-reducer with reduction from 15% to 25%, machine-made sand and class-800 shale ceramisite for the aggregate of SFRLAC, natural sand and crushed stone with 20mm maximum grain size for the aggregate of ordinary concrete. the performances of shale ceramisite are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Physical and mechanical perfomances of shale ceramisite Grain size (mm) ratio Bulk density (kg/m3) Apparent density (kg/m3) 1h absorption (%) Mud content (%) Tube-compressive strength (MPa) 5-10/10-16/16-20 4.5/3.3/2.2 788.7 1333 6.47 1.3 3.15 Table 2 Basic information of specimens No.
For B5, B3 and B6 slabs, before failure with the increasing load, deflection tended linearly increased, cracks on bottom surfaces widened with more and more numbers, the failure took place gradually with the increasing load.

This is caused by the particle corsening due to grain growth at higher temperatures.
The increase of the grain size upon high temperature calcination could have an influence on the optical property of the structure.
Acknowledgment This work is supported by the Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University through the contract number Mas.

The grain size of the heat-treated alloy grows to more than 100 mm, and as a result, its hardness decreases.
As the beam current increased, the number of re-melting increased since the width of the weld bead increased, as shown in Fig.5.
The grain sizes of the Co-Cr-Mo cast alloy were large, at 100 mm or more, hence the intensity ratio of each of the peaks did not match the ASTM data.

Numbers at points − the content of the second phase in composites (% vol.); Р=1 N.
Increase in fracture strain of composites with the greater porosity (Fig. 3) have an effect on increase both intragranular and intergranular deformation in a material, i.e. elongation of separate grains and increase of quantity of intergranular pores (Fig. 4).
At the same time the high contents of the second phase in porous composites results in substantial growth of quantity of the grains which failed by the intragranular shear mechanism.

GA helps in identifying the best set of nanocomposites, this helps in reducing the number of combinations to analyse. 2.
[9] Venkatesan A, Gopinath VM and Rajadurai A (2005) Simulation of Casting Solidification and its Grain Structure Prediction using FEM.
[16] Lelito J, Zak PL, Shirzadi AA, Greer AL, Krajewski WK, Suchy JS, Haberl K and Schumacher P (2012) Effect of SiC Reinforcement Particles on the Grain Density in a Magnesium-based Metal-Matrix Composite: Modelling and Experiment.

By studying historical data related to the peasants' income, quantitative analysis using the following factors, agricultural output value, forestry output value, animal husbandry output value, fishery output value, possession of large and medium tractors, possession of small tractors, possession of diesel engines, generating capacity, grain yield, oilseed yield, these factors as input factors of peasants' income prediction.
Table 1 Index system of peasants' income prediction classification detailed index A The total output value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and fishery A1 Agricultural output value A2 Forestry output value A3 Animal husbandry output value A4 Fishery output value B Possession of agricultural machinery B1 Possession of large and medium tractors B2 Possession of small tractors B3 Possession of diesel engines C Generating capacity C1 Generating capacity D Crop yield D1 Grain yield D2 Oilseed yield Application of SVM methods in the prediction of peasants’ income SVM prediction is looking for a nonlinear mapping function of input data are mapped onto the output space,φx:Rd→F, and linear estimation in high dimensional feature space.
（2）The training and test data format must be the same, the prediction sample data file format for the text, set each row represents the evaluation index value： < Pre_Value > = : : … < Pre_Value >is prediction values, to verify the accuracy; it is the number of the peasants’ income prediction result.

Comparing it with both PZTN home-made diffrattrogram (Fig. 1) that with lead zirconium titanium Oxide Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PDF card number 22-1086) no perovskitic phase (PZTN) was found in detectable amount.
The SEM micrograph reported in Fig. 2 shows an inhomogeneous PZTN microstructure composed by a mixture of fine grains of two or more different phases.
The two different ensembles of colored grains in the top layer are due to the presence of phases with different density.

It could be seen that the particle size of samples decrease with the doping content increased, indicating that the doping could further restrain the grain growth of TiO2 at a certain extent.
As shown in Fig. 3, the final TiO2-coated film electrodes with flat surfacing had a uniform porous structure, like a sponges made by connecting between the TiO2 particles, whose average grain diameter was about 25 nm.
The decrease of open circuit voltage of cells is because that, with the increase of the film thickness, the surface area in TiO2 flim increased, corresponding to that the numbers of surface defect states also increased, which made the transportation of electron back easily and increased the recombination of electron on conduction band with 3I− in the electrolyte, resulting in a lower open circuit voltage [8].