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The increased content of bitumen in the mixture must be stabilized to prevent its delamination and draining from the surface of the grains of the material at high technological and operating temperatures, resulting in a decrease in strength and resistance to deformation [3].
Components Number composition №1 №2 №3 Bitum BND 90/130 100 DST30 R-01 3,5 3,5 3,5 I-40 2,5 2,5 2,5 Cecabase RT 945 - 0,4 - DAD-TA - - 0,4 Table 2.
For this, the grain composition of the mixture was selected, which according to granulometric analysis meets the requirements of SMA-15 National standard [3].

Stresses of the second kind, the microstresses are those that counteract each other in the areas within the range of dimensions of grains.
The longitudinal stresses are calculated according to the pattern: (1) where: r, l0 - the radius and the initial length of the sample, n, n -1 - numbers of successively removed material layers, ln, ln-1 - lengths of samples after the removal of n and n-1 layers.
Tang, Large Plastic Deformation and Ultra-Fine Grained Structures Generated by Machining, Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (2008) 21-25

Metallic iron in reduced ilmenite is dissolved in the solution and diffused to a grain surface.
The chloride ion in solution assisted break down any passive oxide layer formed on the grain surface.
The effects of temperature on the rusting reaction were complicated because a number of temperature-dependent parameters are involved.

The disappearance of precipitate layer can be associates with a nanostructured layer, process step known as „thickness equilibrium” , determining a decrease of the Ti4+ ions number produced.
The blue shifts and the broadening of the Raman bands can be explained by the small grain size of the TiO2 prepared by anodization of Ti deposited using DC sputtering technique.
The blue shifts and the broadening of the Raman bands can be explained by the small grain size of the TiO2 prepared by anodization of Ti deposited using DC sputtering technique.

A number of fundamental and applied studies have been attempted to understand the susceptibility and the mechanism of caustic SCC [3-5].
The situation is attributed to the Cr depletion on grain boundaries after sensitizing treatment.
The passive film produces on the grain boundaries with poor Cr, which is unstable nature in aqueous solutions, so the Cr depletion zone serves as a preferential site for corrosion attack and/or crack nucleation.

Furthermore, in microworld, the surface of alloy is a mass of crystalline grains, which might bring on thrombocyte congregated.
Meanwhile the surface of the substrate is abounding with metallic grains.
Since platelet adhesion is one of the most important steps during blood coagulation on prosthetic surfaces, to determine the number of platelets adhered is important [11].

The classical Biot's theory for a fluid-satured poroelastic solid sets the following equilibrium and constitutive relationships [3]: , (1 ) ij j s i f iu U σ ρ φ ρφ = − + &&&& (Solid-fluid equilibrium equations) (1) , ( ) ( 1) i i i f i f i p U u a u a U K φ ρ ρ = − − + − − & && & && (Generalized Darcy's law) (2) ij ijkl kl ij C p σ ε β δ = − (Coupled constitutive equations) (3) 1 ( , , ) , i i i i i i U u u p M φ β − − = + (Coupled constitutive equation) (4) where iu and iU represent the displacement components of the skeleton and fluid, respectively, ijσ the total Cauchy stress tensor components, φ the connected porosity, sρ and fρ the densities of the solid grains and the fluid and the overdot means derivative with respect to time. p , K and a are the pressure in the fluid, the steady-state permeability coefficient and the tortuosity factor, respectively.
Starting from the strong form of the equation of motion (5), the approximate Lagrangian of the generic e-th spectral element can be written as: T T 1 (1 ) 2 e e e e e s h h h h e L d dx ρ φ ∞ −∞ Ω   = − − Ω   ∫ ∫ u u ε C ε%& & (8) where esρ is the mass density of the solid grains and eφ the porosity of the considered element.
For a given circular frequency ω in input non trivial solutions of eq. (9) lead to m=1,2,3,..2H wavenumbers and waves shapes, where H is the total number of degrees of freedom of the crosssection mesh.

The technological tests of ColdArc/CMT welding methods as well as micro- and macroscopic metallographic examination revealed insignificant mixing of the parent and filler metals in the weld area and fairly low grain growth and phase precipitates in the weld and HAZ.
No excessive number of precipitates or presence of cracks or micro-cracks was revealed in any area of the joint.
The microscopic metallographic examination demonstrated the welds to be free from cracks and micro-cracks in spite of relatively numerous precipitates of the CuAl2 phase on grain boundaries, particularly near the fusion line (Fig. 2b).

They retard recrystallization of products. 3) precipitates: formed by solution treatment and aging to strength the materials, whereas the grain and aging to strength the materials, whereas the grain boundary ones little effect to strengthening.
On the other hand, H with dispersoid Fig. 5 Fractographs of specimens after fatigue crack propagation spacing as wide as 6000Å showed a test for aluminum alloys with wide (H) and narrow (L) spacing large number of small cracks.

The distribution of the diffraction intensity in each ring was continuous and uniform，from which it is found that the grain size in the specimen is relatively small and there are enough number of grains for the X-ray stress measurement.