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The structure and chemical composition of halloysite is close to kaolinite, but its water content is higher (aluminosilicate layers are separated by water molecules).
The structure and chemical properties of the HNT surface are sufficiently studied [19-21] and have a number of characteristic features shown.
The molecular structures of lignosulfonates are not fully ascertained, but the types of the local groups in Fig. 2b are identified.
Kuchuk, Physical Chemistry, Moscow, 2014
Lukuttsova, Some Practical Aspects of Fractal Simulation of Structure of Nano-Modified Concrete, IJAER. 10/19 (2015) 40454-40456

The covalent bonds in the network or crosslinked structure are severed during fracture [10].
SEM result for CDM shows the structure in part A have interconnected and twisted fibrils with large interfibrillar separation.
According to Fig. 5, the fracture surface of the HDPE classified as ductile fracture appeared to be comprised of a less textured structure and interior cavities relatively clean also comprised of a lamellar type structure with highly plastic deformation.
Morphological structure of VOP shows brittle fracture surface while CDM have dwi structure of brittle and ductile surface.
The Chemistry of Polymers. 3rd ed.

CNC has a high crystalline structure, good tensile strength properties and elongation at break.
Calibration set for different concentration Chemical structure.
FTIR spectroscopy analysis was conducted to investigate the changes of chemical structure materials before and after treatments.
FTIR spectra of (a) PLA; (b) CNC; (c) PLA-CNC matrix FTIR analysis showed that the chemical structures of all raw materials unchanged during the PLA-CNC matrix formulation processed.
CNC has a high crystalline structure, good tensile strength properties and elongation at break, commonly used to strengthen polymer materials.

However, the XRD analysis revealed only the diffraction patterns for cubic fluorite structures (CeO2).
This result indicates that the carbon generated from the sucrose is amorphous and does not influence the crystal structure of the SDC.
While the XRD pattern of the as-prepared SDC film showed cubic fluorite structures (CeO2), the diffraction pattern of face-centered cubic lattice structures (NiO) was also identified in the pellet sintered at 1600 °C for 10 h.
The XRD diffraction patterns of the sintered body showed a cubic fluorite structure, but face-centered cubic lattice structures also identified.
Power Sources Vol. 157 (2006), p. 754 [7] T.Ishihara, K.Sato, Y.Mizuhara, and Y.Takita: CHEMISTRY LETTERS Vol. 21(1992), p. 943

Depending on their structures, SMPs can be classified physically and chemically cross-linked shape memory polymers which have been investigated extensively during the last two decades.
Such materials have great potential applications in the field of smart structures.
The flexibility and simplicity of the chemistry involved represent a great benefit in terms of material accessibility to the SMP community.
Last step, the packaged structure was reheated to recover its original shape and the bending angle (qi) at each temperature was recorded.
Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the epoxy components The glass transition (Tg) is one of the major characteristic parameters of thermo-mechanical deformation and shape recovery in SMP materials.

Stray current originated from the electrical rail transport systems, cathodic protection systems, or high voltage power lines, etc. which is known to induce corrosion in the buried metallic structures including gas pipeline, oil pipeline, or water pipeline, and so on [6-9].
Stray current corrosion may influence the lifetime of the buried metallic structures, and in a few extreme cases, it can also induce big accident such as gas explosion, soil pollution, and so on.
Stray current corrosion process in the buried metallic structures is totally similar to the classic one: current flows from anode to cathode through the electrolyte by ionic conductivity and from cathode to anode through the metal by electric conductivity [10-13].
Zakowski, A new time–frequency detection method of stray current field interference on metal structures, Corrosion Science, 46 (2004) : p.1061–1070
[16] Wilhelm Rust, Karl Schweizerhof, Finite element limit load analysis of thin-walled structures by ANSYS (implicit), LS-DYNA(explicit) and in combination,Thin-Walled Structures 41 (2003) ; p.227–244

Introduction Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap (~ 3.3eV) Ⅱ-Ⅳ semiconductor with the hexagonal crystal structure (Wurtzite type) and has many practical applications owing to their interesting properties.
From the picture, it can be observed that the ZnO film has a columnar crystal structure, indicating that the film has been crystallized and exhibited c-axis preferential growth characteristic.
Fig. 4 The band gap Eg of ZnO thin films Fig. 5 The transmittance of Al0.02Zn0.98O thin film The I-V characteristics of ZnO films were measured by a Keithley 2400 electrometer using a MSM (metal-semiconductor-metal) structure and the results are showed in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
AFM and SEM also show that all the films have perfect surface and interface structure.
Sauvage, Surface and Coatings Technology 174, 193 (2003) [7] Canyun Zhang, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 71, 364 (2010) [8] X.Q.

One of the most important aspects of the studies of electronic characteristics of such compounds is the relationship to their chemical structures, [1] either conjugated or presence of substituted functional group.
Conversely, it destabilizes cations or electron poor structures.
Summary The synthesis, characterization and conductivity studies of Schiff base ligands of LI, L2 and L3 have been described. 1H NMR spectrum of Schiff base indicates the structure of the compound.
X-ray crystal structure determination of one copper(II) complex.
Journal of Organomettalic Chemistry 693 (2008) 3179-3187 [3] Parekh J, Inamdhar P., Nair R., BalujaS. and Chanda S, (2005).

The PILCs’ pore structure, surface acid and catalytic performance can be regulated, thus PILCs with special physicochemical properties can be obtained and they can be used in catalytic reaction, adsorption and photocalalysis[2,3].
The crystal structures of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a XPERP-PRO diffractometer with monochromatized Cu Kα radiation.
Pore structure characterization The tested BET surface area(SBET) of Cu/Ti-PILCs and Cu-Ti-PILCs were 216.67m2·g-1 and 117.85m2·g-1 respectively, the pore volumes were 0.211ml·g-1 and 0.131ml·g-1 respectively.
As it showed in Fig.3, the spectra of Cu/Ti-PILCs is similar to that of Ti-PILCs, it implies that Cu-loading by incipient wetness impregnation didn’t change the crystal structures of the samples.
The effect of different Cu-loading methods on catalytic activity, pore structure and active species was investigated.

We studied the reason of chemical structure of toughened HDPE，which had the excellent toughness accompanied with the remarkably decreasing of rigidity through using common elastomer.
Based on the preparation of toughened polypropylene with balanced Rigidity (HHPP) [9], we prepared toughening master batch (E-TMB) with special structure for toughening HDPE [10].
Compared HE1/E-TMB(100/0) with corresponding HE1 and HE1/elastomer M, and HE2/E-TMB(100/0) with corresponding HE2 and HE2/E-SMB(100/0), it was found the crystalline size of E-TMB toughening HDPE were remarkably smaller, they formed much more and smaller grain crystals instead of spherulites with perfect structure.
Compared HE1/E-TMB with HE2/E-TMB, the results showed that although they formed smaller grain crystals instead of spherulites with bigger size and complete structure, the grain crystals size of the former were bigger.
Jiang: Applied Chemistry, Vol. 28 (2011) No.5, pp. 500-503 (in Chinese)