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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xiao Mei Ye, Jian Xing Yu, Li Ling Cai, Shan Ming Ruan, Zhi Zhou Chang, Jia You Li
Experimental Design and Data Analysis.
One of the effects of the pretreatment is the removal of wax from the straw: Fig.2 shows that the CH2-stretching bands at approximately 2920 cm-1 were reduced for the pretreated straw sample, signifying a reduction in the amount of the aliphatic fraction of waxes[9].
This was supported by the reduction at 3410 cm-1 related with O-H stretching in hydroxyl groups[12,13].
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Ai Jun Li, Zheng Li
It seems that reduction of energy intensity in current China cannot be easily realized as we previously imagine[1-2].
The base-year data are used for calibration.
Only through promoting energy-saving technological progress, effective reduction of energy intensity can be implemented in the process of urbanization in China.
Online since: July 2007
Authors: Satoru Kobayashi, Dierk Raabe, Stefan Zaefferer
After obtaining fine grains of 70-80 µm in diameter by hot rolling at 800 °C to a reduction of 65 % and an annealing heat treatment at 1000 °C for 20 min, the plates were immediately hot rolled to a reduction of 50 % in 4 passes without intermediate heat treatment.
Unpublished data.
Online since: September 2004
Authors: Kwang Hee Im, Sun Kyu Kim, In Young Yang, Young Tae Cho, David K. Hsu
Finally a 2-D fast Fourier transformation data will be in order to compare the results of composite layup Theoretical approach A model was presented by Hsu at al [4], which model decomposes the transmission of a linearly polarized ultrasound wave into orthogonal components through each ply of a laminate.
A complication arises in determining the values and functions of the orientation of transmitter and receiver and a signal reduction factor to be used in the computation of amplitude for many plies.
The first assumption used is that the interface and beam spreading losses are negligible, that is, all a signal reduction factor terms equal one.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: D. Kurt Gaskill, Brenda L. VanMil, Kok Keong Lew, Ronald T. Holm, Charles R. Eddy, Rachael L. Myers-Ward
Measurement of the gas phase composition by mass spectrometry requires careful positioning of sampling points and a reduction in the sampling pressure.
The tube was then coupled directly to a 0.30 mm heated quartz inert capillary (QIC) fast sampling capillary, which is differentially pumped before the reaction gas passes through a 0.02 mm platinum orifice to the QMS resulting in a final pressure reduction to 2.0x10 -6 Torr to optimize signal.
This, as well as residual nitrogen in the QMS during measurements account for skewing at the lower limits such that correlation between the QMS pressure data and the nitrogen incorporation cannot be fit over the entire range with a linear fit as shown in Fig. 3.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Mark J. Loboda, Gil Yong Chung, Siddarth G. Sundaresan, Ranbir Singh
In this work, wafer level carrier lifetime data and the electrical characteristics of PiN rectifiers are analyzed and direct correlation between carrier recombination lifetime and forward bias drop is presented.
Probability plot of FV at 100A/cm2 for the diodes of 0.5 and 1mm diameter from the wafers (AN5042-03 and AQ5026-02). 6 5 4 3 2 99.9 99 95 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5 1 0.1 Vf (V) Percent 3.362 0.1771 166 9.666 <0.005 3.851 0.4949 208 13.022 <0.005 Mean StDev N AD P 0.5 mm 1 mm Diode size Normal - 95% CI Probability Plot of Vf @100A/cm^2 reduction of lifetimes [5].
As the half of W becomes longer than the diffusion length, MV causes an appreciable increase in the forward voltage drop due to a reduction in the conductivity modulation in the central portion of the drift layer.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wei Ping Sui, Qiu Xia Yang, Guo Bao Li, Da Wei Fan
From the second cycle onwards, the oxidation and reduction peak currents were increased at 0.20 and 0.00 V (indicated by the arrows in Figure 1).
While the electropolymerization was increased to more than 15 cycles, both the oxidation and the reduction peak currents started to decrease suggesting the formation of electroinactive film.
The data show that there is a gradual increase in CC peak current with an increase in CC concentration and the oxidation peak current of HQ almost constant.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Igor V. Alexandrov, Wei Wei, Jing Hu, Fei Wang, Kun Xia Wei
Some samples processed by ECAP were rolled into strips 1.2 mm thick by ~10% per pass in the ECAP direction at room temperature, and then the final reduction was 90%, resulting in an equivalent strain of 2.7 when the plain strain was considered.
TEM microstructure Fig. 2 shows TEM micrographs of Cu-5.7%Cr alloy after ECAP and cold rolling in the reduction of 90% at room temperature.
The equation of the line for Cu-5.7%Cr alloy in Fig. 5 (b) is presented as follows (For ECAP) (2) (For ECAP+CR) (3) The strength data are in good accordance with Eq. (2) and (3).
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Dong Hui Wen, Li Zhang, Shi Ming Ji, Feng Qing Xiao, Zhen Hao Xu, Qiao Ling Yuan
It can be very unfavorable to the reduction of roughness on workpiece surfaces.
Since the graphics is much easier to remove, the lapping speed will be increased and favorable to the reduction of surface roughness [6, 7].
Data indicates the highest temperatures created by cutting are respectively 209.9°C, 242.2°C and 90.19°C, which means, as the material of the abrasive disk, Ti can reach the highest temperature in grinding, followed by Fe and Ni.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Chieh Heng Ko, Chien Chao Huang, Te Fu Chen, Wen Cheng Wang
Of the thirteen changes, twelve resulted in cost reduction, eight in quality improvements, and five in extension of production capabilities [11].
It is not surprising that total quality management (TQM) has become a source of ideas for pollution reduction that can create offsetting benefits.
Even the local toxicologist had been given no data about how lethal was the escaping gas.
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