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Ohring et al. [23] considered radiative heat transfer, evaporation, and viscous stress to find out temperature distribution but he assumed material properties are constant.
Temperature-dependent material properties, latent heat of fusion, a gaussian distribution of heat flux from the arc, plus the effects of mass convection into the weld pool from the melted filler wire have also been considered.
Experimental Methods The experiments were conducted as per the design matrix randomly to avoid errors due to noise factors.
Figure 5 Comparison of predicted and experimental values of weld bead width 4.3 Prediction of HAZ Width The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of base material, either a metal or a thermoplastic, which has had its microstructure and properties altered by welding or heat intensive cutting operations.
Conf. on Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Singapore, September 10-12, 2010, 733-737 [6] Eager, T.

The tool life also needs to meet the industry standard under the tough cutting condition, which is also depending on many influencing factors including workpiece material, suitable coolant or cutting fluid, cutter material and coating, etc.
The composition of workpiece and mechanical properties of the tool are given in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 Chemical composition of workpiece material X12CrMoWVNb N-10-1-1 [wt. %] C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Fe 0.12-0.13 ≤0.25 0.40-0.60 ≤0.015 ≤0.01 10.00-11.00 1.00-1.10 balanced N Ti Ni V Cu W Nb 0.045-0.060 ≤0.005 0.60-0.85 0.15-0.25 0.052 0.90-1.10 0.045-0.060 Table2 Mechanical properties of the AlCrN-based hard coating Micro hardness (HV 0.05) Service temperature Max.
The reason was that tool wear directly affected dimension accuracy and profile precision of broaching slots.
Fig.8 Tool life comparisons of tools with coating and without coating In comparison with uncoated REX T15, the AlCrN generation exhibited improvements of all key coating properties such as hot hardness, oxidation resistance, and resistance to abrasive wear.

Therefore, SGP would interact with properties determining interstitial fluid flow characteristics such as viscosity, velocity, flow path directions, and interstitial fluid flow boundary conditions.
In general, bone strain generated streaming potential is affected by viscosity, flow rate, interstitial pressure distribution.
Furthermore, it could be one of important factor inducing bone remodeling processes.
The material properties of cortical bone of rabbit tibia were obtained from previous studies and performed experiments (Table 2).
Becker : Generation of electric potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress, Science.

Asphalt mixtures can be modified by adding materials that increase strength or improve other properties.
Further studies are needed to investigate additional factors that influence the measured frictional resistance [7].
Several of the factors affecting road skid resistance include the surface porosity of the pavement, surface wear caused by studded tires and aggregate, the polishing of surface aggregate, rutting due to compaction, bleeding and flushing of the bituminous binder to the surface, and contamination (e.g., by rubber, oil, water) [8,9].
Various properties of the aggregate were tested, and the results are given in Table 3.
Chouw, “Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fiber reinforce concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 30 (2012) 814-825

Recently, magnetic nanofluids have been the subject of much interest due to their unusual optical, electronic and magnetic properties, which can be changed by applying an external magnetic field [2].
Magnetic nanofluid showing unique properties of fluidity and magnetic tunability is promising to study especially for many applications such as magnetic fluid hyperthermia in cancer treatment, tunable optical switches, sensors and loudspeakers [3].
Particle volume concentration is also one of the parameters that affect the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate as a result.
Siva Reddy, Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Tube with Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid, Exp.
Majid, Modeling of Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Tube for Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid with Computational Fluid Dynamics, Int.

Liu guoshou [1], Zhang tianhui [2] etc. have applied four methods of reliability to analyze the da/dN of ADB610 steel’s three zones: base material (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and welded metal (WM) at the stress ratio of R=0.1 and concluded the variation law of c and m, which are parameters in the Paris formula, of course, they also have calculated the da/dN of different zones.
The basic mechanics properties parameters are shown in table 1.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of ADB610 steel parameter Rs/ MPa Rb/ MPa E/ GPa KIC/MPa•m1/2 numerical value 580 650 210 Fig.1 C(T)sample Test method.
The logarithm of N was taken as the random variable xij, namely: 2) The mean () and the standard deviation () of xij was calculated; 3) The da/dN with reliability () was got when brined standard normal deviator () and standard deviation correction factor k, specific process as shown:, where k was decided by the number of sample, for this test, there was seven samples under the stress ratio R=0.1, so k was 1.042 by looking up table[5].
First of all, in order to get da/dN data, we needed to fit curve of (a, N) according to seven increasing points polynomial (only for this paper), then calculated the stress intensity factor delta K, so that we could get a series of (da/dN, delta K) data points, and then analyzed the da/dN under the same stress intensity factor.

The use of neural network analysis made it possible to obtain a neural model capable of predicting the corrosion properties of steels depending on their chemical composition and concentration of impurities.
It should be noted that the trained ANN makes it possible to expand the range of predicted values of factors beyond the limits of experimental data.
Erokhin: Fusion welding basics (M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1973)
Mazel: Technological properties of the electric welding arc (M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1969)
Pridantsev: Influence of impurities and rare earth elements on the properties of alloys (M.: Metallurgy, 1962)

This paper summarize idealized theoretical studies of bicomponent particle packing parameters, affecting the phase and pore structure of the obtained materials.
These parameters are utilized to estimate the density and porosity of filled space, the average coordination number, etc., as well as to estimate the influence of those parameters on the structural properties of a packing, e.g., the transport properties in porous media [2-4].
Increasing this criterion by a factor 10 does not increase the number of contacts substantially, while decreasing by a factor 2 gives no contacts [11].
An example of computer approach, which is not based on the gravitational movements, is Voronoi-Delaunau tessellation technique used to predict the transport properties of the porous medium for ordinary diffusion.
Philipse, Simulation of random packing of binary sphere mixtures by mechanical contraction, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 358, no. 2–4, (2005), 249-262

The interaction is determined by the material characteristics and the main factor is the susceptibility to absorption of microwaves.
The properties of the base materials, determined by mechanical testing just before the microwave heating are presented in Table 1 and Figure 3.
Table 1 Properties of used HDPE 100 and HDPE 80 PROPERTIES (average of 3 probes) UNIT HDPE 100 HDPE 80 Density (23oC) - ISO 1183 g/cm3 0.950 0.942 Melting Flow Rate 190 oC - ISO 1133 g/10 min 0.06 0.15 Breaking Elongation - ISO 527-2 % 720 785 Yield Stress Endurance - ISO 527-2 MPa 25 21 Elasticity Module - ISO 527-2 MPa 1110 875 Brittleness Temperature - ASTM D-746 oC -66 -62 Thermal Conductivity (20 / 150 OC) - DIN 52612 W/mK 0.4 / 0.2 0.4 / 0.2 Fig. 3 Thermal conductivity Welding process For the welding process two foils were overlapped positioned (Figure 4) and two types of contact with ceramic were used: first, the two foils were placed between two ceramic blocks and the second, between the two foils ceramic powder (Al2O3) was placed.
Yang, Thermal and Mechanical Property Research of Polyethylene Modified by Reactive Quatemary Ammonium Salt, Advanced Material Research, vol. 643, 37-42, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.643.37 [13] F.J.
Poeppel, Polyethylene Gradient Material, Processing and Properties, Material Science Forum, vol. 308-311, 101-106, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.308-311.101  

Power harvesting in a diaphragm depends on several factors.
Especially, the temperature-dependent material properties are not accounted for.
The interest here is in determining the factors that lead to maximum electrical energy generation.
The physical properties of the brass substrate and the PZT ceramic (PZT-5A) are: 110mE = GPa, 8290mρ = kg/m3, ν=0.374, cρ =7750 kg/m3, σ=0.33, 11 D s =14.4×10-12 m 2/N, T 33ε =1.5×10-8 C2/Nm2, 31d =-171×10-12 C/N, 2α =0.9×10-6 oC-1.
Some interesting aspects that affect the output power are discussed.