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Appendino et al., 2004, vitrified incineration ashes of solid wastes containing heavy metals at a temperature of 1400°C.
Naga and El-Maghraby, 2003, studied wastes of 30% Cu content as a flux for ceramics baked for one hour at 1175°C.
Magalhães et al., 2004, used 1 to 10% of wet galvanic sludge for stabilization of Zn, Ni, Ca, Cu, Cr at various temperatures.
But chemical compositions of these two pairs are very different, especially in contents of Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe.
The list of industrial and municipal wastes as raw materials for new goods production. http//:www. ufpr.br/~seva [10]Naga, S M., El-Maghraby, A, 2003.

To solve the problem, Lu, et al [11] put forward a fiber wall element model composed of a fiber element that represents the flexural deformation only and a shear element that represents the shearing; Qi, et al [12] combined the shear behavior with the fiber section using “section aggregator” command provided by OpenSees to model shear walls; Beyer, et al [13] suggested set a Zero-Length element (as a shear spring) at the center of the element to take account of the shear effect.
The shear wall analyzed below is modeled with the method suggested by Qi, et al [12].
Table. 2 shows that the responses differ obviously: damping effects under El-Centro wave and Hollister wave are more satisfactory than the other two.
References [1] Muto Kiyoshi: Dynamic Design of Structures, translated by Jia-lu Teng, et al, China Building Industry Press (1984, in Chinese)
[10] S Mazzoni, F Mckenna, M H Scott, et al: Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation User Command-Language Manual (2009)

El Batal, A.A.
El Kheshen, M.A.
Sharaf El-Deen, M.S.
Al Salhi, M.M.

Alloy C Al Sn H O N Fe Ti Ti5Al2.5Sn 0.009 5.31 2.74 0.0037 0.092 0.0041 0.03 Balance Experiments Tensile properties were evaluated using specimens having 25 mm gauge length.
Sl No Specimen Description UTS, MPa YS, MPa %El (25Gl) % RA Remarks 1 Smooth-LH2 Exposed 1310-1320 1100-1115 9.5-10.5 10 20K 2 Smooth- LH2 unexposed 1300-1360 1110-1115 9-10.5 8 3 Smooth-LH2 Exposed 1140-1160 1050-1060 9-9.5 17 77K 4 Smooth- LH2 unexposed 1100-1160 1020-1040 9-9.5 16 The strength and ductility of the specimens, both LH2 exposed and unexposed samples explained that there was no significant hydrogen environmental effect on this alloy.
Sl No Specimen Description UTS, MPa YS, MPa %El (25Gl) Remarks 1 Flat parent-LH2 exposed 1325-1350 1040-1050 13-15 20K 2 Flat parent- LH2 unexposed 1360-1365 1045-1070 14-15.5 3 Flat parent-LH2 exposed 1180-1230 1000-1010 16-17 77K 4 Flat parent- LH2 unexposed 1160-1210 1000-1010 13-16 The tensile properties of flat parent and welded specimens (LH2 exposed and unexposed conditions) are given in tables 4 and 5 respectively.
No Specimen Description UTS, MPa YS, MPa %El (25Gl) Remarks 1 Flat weld-LH2 exposed 1360-1370 1135-1160 14-15 20K 2 Flat weld- LH2 unexposed 1410-1434 1160-1200 13-14 3 Flat weld-LH2 exposed 1240-1250 1070-1090 14-15 77K 4 Flat weld- LH2 unexposed 1180-1190 1050-1060 15-16 The strength and ductility of the parent and welded flat specimens (both LH2 exposed and unexposed) revealed that there is no significant hydrogen environmental effect on this material due to the lower hydrogen contents as low as 40ppm.

Ghali1*a, Hoda El-Faramawy2,b, Mamdouh Eissa3,c 1,2,3ElFelzat Street, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), El-Tibeen, Helwan Cairo – Egypt a,*Professor Acting Dean Metal Technology Institute, a3708052@gmail.com bProfessor Emeritus, hodahoda60@gmail.com cProfessor Emeritus, Mamdouh_eissa@yahoo.com Keywords: Solubility, Nitrogen, Stainless steel Abstract.
In the order of Cu < Co < Ni < Al < Si < C < N alloying have negative effect on nitrogen solubility, while in the order of W < Mo < Mn < Cr < Nb < V < Ti alloying have positive effect on nitrogen solubility in molten stainless steel.
Bezobrazov et al [9]. proposed empirical formula for nitrogen solubility with temperature and pressure.
By applying Equations 7 and 8 on the results obtained by Anson et al [15] on stainless steel (0.04%C, 22.35%Cr, 0.9%Mn and 0.36%Si) at 1600 oC and 1800 oC, it was found that there is a deviation of both equations as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
According to Schaeffler diagram Speidel et al [17] found that, phases of stainless steels can be predicted by using chromium and nickel equivalents of stainless steels.

Dong, et al.: Numerical Analysis on Propagation Characteristics of Explosive Wave in Layered Media.
Song, et al.: SPH algorithm for projectile penetrating into concrete.
Park, at el.: Dynamic behavior of concrete at high strain rates and pressures: I.
Kettle, et al.: Energy absorption capability and crashworthiness of composite material structures: A review.
Santosa, T Wierzbicki, at el.: Experimental and numerical studies of foam-filled sections.

Widmann, et al., Nat.
Carter, et al., Phys.
Myers-Ward, et al.
Bracher and E.L.
Zhang and E.L.

Grade YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) El (%) RA (%) Charpy-V energy at -20ºC (J) R3 410 690 17 50 40 R3S 490 770 15 50 45 R4 580 860 12 50 50 R4S(1) 700 960 12 50 56 R5(1) 760 1000 12 50 58 YS – Yield Strength, UTS – Ultimate Tensile Strength, El – Elongation, RA-Reduction of Area Notes: 1.
Based on the results presented by Lord et al. [10], small variations at cooling rates can promote greater changes on microstructures of high strength steel weld metals.
In this respect, Ramirez [11] in agreement with Surian et al. [12], states that the weld metal strength increases with carbon equivalent number.
According to Surian et al. [12], it is well known that when selecting a C-Mn steel as an alloy base, in order to increase tensile strength it becomes necessary to add to the alloy base alloying elements such as Ni, Mo, and/or Cr, which will modify other properties as well.
[2] AWS 5.5, Specification for low alloy steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding, (1996) [3] J.C.F.Jorge et al.: Desenvolvimento de procedimento de reparo por soldagem de amarras de aço para ancoragem de plataformas de petróleo, Anais do XXVII CONSOLDA, Paper 40, Brazil, (2001)

Optical, Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of ZnS Nanocrystals Embedded in KBr Single Crystal Matrix Grown by Czochralski Method Soria Zeroual1,a*, Mohammed Sadok Mahboub1,b, Ghani Rihia1,c, Mourad Mimouni1,d, Mebrouk Ghougali1,e, Miloud Sebais2,f 1LEVRES Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El-Oued, P.O.Box 789, El-Oued, 39000 Algeria. 2Crystallography Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Constantine 1, Route Ain El Bey, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
For these crystals, group theory predicts the following k = 0 lattice phonons: one Al mode which is both IR and Raman active, one E1 mode which is both lR and Raman active, two E2 modes which are Raman active, and two silent B1 modes.
The lower E21 mode can be confused with the KBr mode seen at 61.16cm-1, this mode was found at 69cm-1 by Schneider et al. [38] and we assign the observed resonance at 324cm-1 to the E22 mode.
Porambo, A.L.
Zhang et al., X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the cubic and hexagonal polytypes of zinc sulfide, Physical Review B, 66 (2002) 24

The examples of successful commercial Al alloys based on the “± effect” are Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Cu-Li, Al-Zn-Mg, Al-Mg-Si etc.
TEM BF images showing development of G-P zones in (a) Al-Cu, (b) Al-Cu-Mg, (c) Al-Zn-Mg, and (d) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloys.
Figure 8 shows the development of G-P zones during natural aging of (a) Al-Cu [21], (b) Al-Cu-Mg [22], (c) Al-Zn-Mg [23], and (d) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu [24] based alloys.
Table 11 Development of T87 strength properties in 2219 plates %Pre-age stretching Tensile properties % Reduction in pre-age cold rolling Tensile properties 0.2% PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL GL=50 mm 0.2% PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL GL=50 mm 2% L T 313 303 401 400 12.3 11.7 2% L T 324 312 412 408 10.8 9.5 4% L T 316 310 409 391 12.8 12.7 4% L T 340 324 432 419 10.0 10.9 6% L T 385 322 470 410 11.0 12.5 6% L T 352 347 436 436 10.2 9.0 7% L T 384 366 472 458 12.1 11.4 7% L T 375 369 460 461 11.2 10.0 The most common heat treatment given to 6xxx, certain 2xxx series alloys such as 2014 & 2618 (containing Si to stimulate nucleation of strengthening precipitates) and to 7xxx series Al alloys (for limited applications) is peak aged temper T6 i.e. solution treatment followed by artificial aging.
Table 12 Mechanical properties and SCC data of 5 mm thick 7449 sheets Temper 0.2%PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL EC (%IACS) K1SCC (MPa m1/2) T651-L 585-601 625-635 12-13 31.0 <18 T7751-L 565-575 598-602 10-11 36.3 23 Table 13 Tensile properties of 18 mm dia 7055 extrusions Temper 0.2%PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %El %IACS T6 725 757 13 31.0 T77 (RRA) 683 697 11 36.5 T77 (RRA) 673 685 12 37.0 Influence of Micro and Trace Alloying Elements on the Microstructure and Properties of 7xxx Series Al Alloys Figure 13.