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The use of refractory filler with the grain size of 30...40 µm determines high sedimentation stability of the paint composition and the required permeability to gases of the model overlayer.
Introduction of the nanostructured diamond powder, whose particles are the centres of crystallization, into the coating enables getting line grain structure of the overlayer of steel and cast-iron mouldings, moreover, it promotes the rise of the surface hardness and strength.
For every composition there was defined the percent of quality castings from their general number.

indentation number HIT[GPa] EIT[GPa] hmax[nm] S[mN/nm] 1 71.311 1093.7 47.51 0.1740 2 70.565 1233.8 46.64 0.1857 3 73.155 1268.9 44.58 0.1847 4 67.101 1235.7 48.72 0.1902 5 68.250 1410.6 46.63 0.2004 6 71.026 1141.1 47.20 0.1781 7 69.896 1169.5 47.63 0.1817 Average value 70.186 1221.9 46.99 0.1850 SD 2.012 103.2 1.28 0.0086 RSD (%) 2.87 8.44 2.72 4.65 After the first group indentations on the diamond sample, the indenter was checked with fused silica.
Shin, et al, Grain size dependent physical and chemical properties of thick CVD diamond films for high energy density physics experiments, Diamond Relat.
Flöter, et al, Grain size dependent mechanical properties of nanocrystallineline diamond films grown by hot-filament CVD, Diamond Relat.

With the increasing distance from the item boundary deeply to the honeycomb joint, the temperature gradient lowers, therefore the number of grains per unit area lowers also.
In the article [7] it was observed that columnar grains strongly elongated parallel to build direction with decreasing wall thickness.

Test carried out on the fabricated composite included XRD, metallographic study, EDAX analysis, micro hardness, density distribution, grain size analysis, wear and tensile strength.
Place the grinding balls of 100 numbers in the empty bowl and fill the TiB2 powder to be ground on the balls .Grinding bowls can be filled and then closed with the help of the additional clamping system in a box and then setting the speed of 300 rpm, running time 15 minutes, breaking time 5 minutes, repetition of grinding 4 cycle for grinding 1 hour.
Parashivamurthy, Grain refinement and wear properties evaluation of aluminum alloy 2014 matrix- TiB2 in-situ composites, in Materials and Design, 2011, vol.32, pp.3554-3559

The higher value of the Vickers Number for the base material is due to the upper end of the scale of carbon content for that of mild steel.
(a) (b) One more important observation should be noted from Fig. 1 is that the grain structure towards the top of the weld is noticeably coarser than that in the middle/bottom of the weld.
The lower beads of weld have all been individually re-heated due to the subsequent layers of weld, which of course causes microstructural changes such as recrystalisation and grain size reduction.

Other than, the cooling rate dtdT / is biggest, which makes the grains in the diluted zone is very fine.
The mechanism of cracking resistance can explained by fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 -320 -280 -240 -200 -160 -120 -80 -40 Free Energy/KJ Temperature/K Fe2Ti FeB Ni3Ti TiB Ni4B3 TiB2 Fig.3 Relation between free energy and temperature Fig.4 The cross-section of the coating treated by the of possible reactions in laser coating thermal shock experiment Summary The TiB2 phase could be synthesized in laser clad Ti+B+WC+Ni based alloy.
In the middle and bottom parts, a number of white WC particles are present and are comparatively coarse, other than, a small amount of fine TiB2 are observed.

- db: the diameter of the balls (Ø0,01 m) - ρb: the density of the balls (7800 kg/m3 ) - Nb: the number of the balls (25) - rp: the distance between the rotational axes (0,125 m) - Dv: the diameter of the vial (0,065 m) - hv: the height of the vial (0,035 m) - mp: the powder weight (0,02 kg) - Wv: the rotational speed of the vial (-13,33 s-1 ) - Wp: the rotational speed of the supporting disk (6,66 s-1 ) Fig. 1.
(a) HRTEM image of an M-ferrite grain along [010], (b) Fast-Fourier transform calculated from (a), (c) background filtered image The small nanocrystallites transform at a lower temperature to W-type hexaferrite than the bigger ones.
The fracture of the sintered HEBM material is showing plate shaped hexagonal grains (SEM) with average thickness of 200-300 nm

Fig.1 Conceptional diagram of laminar cooling control Mathematical Method In the ROT of a hot rolling line, the product is cooled rapidly by water sprays to control the microstructure of the hot rolled metal as well as to refine the grains.
(3) where sdt∆ is the side spray cooling temperature drop(°C); sdn is number of side spray; sdL and sdQ are the width of side spray (m) and the side spray heat flux (kJ/(m 2.h)), respectively.
The cooling rate of the steel has a dominant effect on the final grain size and phase structure as well as on the phase morphology of the rolled material.

In 2015, the province's total grain output reached 80.37 billion LB.
Straw yield and grain yield are directly proportional.
Acknowledgement The Young start-up funding of Jilin Agricultural University (serial number: 2015046).

Sometimes in order to increase the equiaxed grain zone, reducing the development of columnar grains, specific water, less than 0.7L/kg, is employed.
That is because Eq. (2) does not consider the influence of length of zone and nozzle row number.