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Online since: April 2014
Authors: Xi Juan Wang, Ming Zhe Zhang, Jun Jie Zhang, Jing Xiao Feng
            
                Spread deposit including gas spread deposit and grain spread deposit.
On one hand, the melting point of FeS2 is very low, therefore, the iron ore can be in liquid, on the other hand, the grain of iron ore including sulfur will be larger than others, therefore, it will strike the equipment and promote the fouling produced.
number parameters unit quantity 1 temperature of eject smoke 0c 2 2 pressure of entrance economize coal equipment MPa 1 3 temperature of entrance economize coal equipment 0c 1 4 temperature of exit economize coal equipment 0c 1 5 flow of exit economize coal equipment t/h 1 6 pressure of exit in high temperature equipment MPa 1 7 temperature of exit in high temperature equipment 0c 1 8 temperature of entrance in high temperature equipment 0c 1 9 flow of exit in high temperature equipment t/h 1 9 load MW 1 10 temperature of wall in low temperature equipment 0c 2 11 temperature of wall in high temperature equipment 0c 2 12 temperature of exit in low temperature equipment 0c 1 13 quantity of oxygen % 1 To achieve better result, more parameters should be also needed, but parameters in above table are pivotal.
            
    On one hand, the melting point of FeS2 is very low, therefore, the iron ore can be in liquid, on the other hand, the grain of iron ore including sulfur will be larger than others, therefore, it will strike the equipment and promote the fouling produced.
number parameters unit quantity 1 temperature of eject smoke 0c 2 2 pressure of entrance economize coal equipment MPa 1 3 temperature of entrance economize coal equipment 0c 1 4 temperature of exit economize coal equipment 0c 1 5 flow of exit economize coal equipment t/h 1 6 pressure of exit in high temperature equipment MPa 1 7 temperature of exit in high temperature equipment 0c 1 8 temperature of entrance in high temperature equipment 0c 1 9 flow of exit in high temperature equipment t/h 1 9 load MW 1 10 temperature of wall in low temperature equipment 0c 2 11 temperature of wall in high temperature equipment 0c 2 12 temperature of exit in low temperature equipment 0c 1 13 quantity of oxygen % 1 To achieve better result, more parameters should be also needed, but parameters in above table are pivotal.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Surasing Chaiyakun, Dusit Ngamrungroj, Nirun Witit-Anun, Kanchaya Honglertkongsakul, Pornpipat Boosabarat
            
                This is due to the formation of stresses of ion size difference between zinc and dopant in the grain boundaries.
These indicated that the films were degraded in the crystallinity and reduced in grain size of the films with increasing the current at aluminum target.
Summary The AZO thin films were degraded in the crystallinity with increasing the currents at aluminum target due to being a large number of aluminum atoms in the films.
            
    These indicated that the films were degraded in the crystallinity and reduced in grain size of the films with increasing the current at aluminum target.
Summary The AZO thin films were degraded in the crystallinity with increasing the currents at aluminum target due to being a large number of aluminum atoms in the films.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Marcio T. Fernandes, I.O. Mota, L.M. Silva, M. Nascimento, J.A. Castro
            
                In this study was calculated using the total number of particles with equivalent size diameter
This thermal stress causes micro fracturing along the mineral grain boundaries, as the result, a sample of iron ore becomes more favorable for grinding.
Numerical simulations of heating samples containing pyrite demonstrated that rapid heating occurs with contact of microwave in a transparent matrix and showed that the sample was fractured due to temperature gradients across grain boundaries.
            
    This thermal stress causes micro fracturing along the mineral grain boundaries, as the result, a sample of iron ore becomes more favorable for grinding.
Numerical simulations of heating samples containing pyrite demonstrated that rapid heating occurs with contact of microwave in a transparent matrix and showed that the sample was fractured due to temperature gradients across grain boundaries.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Qiao Fang Zhou, Ying Chun Cai, Yan Xu, Xiang Ling Zhang
            
                Apart from moisture content, wood electrical resistance is influenced by other factors such as temperature, species, density, grain direction and etc..
Check occurs when the stress is beyond the tensile strength transverse to grain of wood, especially in the early stage of wood drying, and so moisture content gradient should be controlled in a reasonable range which ensures the fastest drying rate yet prevents surface check.
There were 6 specimens in all, with the same size as follows: 600(L)×220(T)×50mm(R), and were numbered from one end as 1, 2, ..., 6.
            
    Check occurs when the stress is beyond the tensile strength transverse to grain of wood, especially in the early stage of wood drying, and so moisture content gradient should be controlled in a reasonable range which ensures the fastest drying rate yet prevents surface check.
There were 6 specimens in all, with the same size as follows: 600(L)×220(T)×50mm(R), and were numbered from one end as 1, 2, ..., 6.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Yung Jen Lin, Xiao Wen Lo
            
                Grain structure of SiC can be seen in the struts of the samples.
Right: high magnification, showing SiC grain and pores.
Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan under grant number NSC 95-2221-E-036-012 References [1] J.
            
    Right: high magnification, showing SiC grain and pores.
Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan under grant number NSC 95-2221-E-036-012 References [1] J.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: B.M. Freitas, Ana Emília Diniz Silva Guedes, Reinaldo Almeida Rodrigues, Josiel Bruno de Oliveira, Mateus Reis Ribeiro, João Carlos Martins, Eduardo Rafael Barreda, Nayra Reis do Nascimento, João Evangelista Neto, J.C. de Macêdo Neto, R.N.A. Silva
            
                Process variables: Pre-heat temperature: ≥18 ºC, Interpass temperature: 180 ºC; Filler Metal: AWS 5.10 - ER 5183; Weld position: 4G; Torch: 99.99% Ar (argon); Flow rate: 22 l/min; Cup size: 16mm; Stck-out: 12-14 mm; Transfer mod: Pulsed; Number of passes: 2 (Fig. 1b); Electrical current 150A; Polarity: Direct current - CCEP; Voltage: 24 V; Speed of 15 cm/min.
The figures show dark phases that are precipitated in the grains [6].
The HAZ generally shows a decrease in microhardness, but in this case microhardness values showed that there was no significant recrystallization and / or grain growth in this region.
            
    The figures show dark phases that are precipitated in the grains [6].
The HAZ generally shows a decrease in microhardness, but in this case microhardness values showed that there was no significant recrystallization and / or grain growth in this region.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Alexandra Atyaksheva, Rimma Niyazbekova, Marat Konkanov, Anastasia Atyaksheva, Yermek Sarsikeyev
            
                In order to identify modulus of viscosity were carried out 3 experiments for sample weight with the grain size composition from 80 to 100 microns.
Grain size composition was calculated by the equivalent size of particles in equation: , (4) where di is logarithmic mean of i faction size; xi is content ratio of i faction in mixture.
Sample number Humidity, [%] Normal stress in layer, [g/mm2] Shear stress in layer, [g/mm2] Modulus of viscosity Equivalent size of particles, [mm/um] 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 0.044 0.018 0.41 86/0.086 10 0.049 0.027 0.55 20 0.053 0.029 0.56 30 0.058 0.025 0.43 40 0.062 0.030 0.001 50 0.071 0.051 0.001 2 1 0.046 0.019 0.43 84/0.0084 10 0.050 0.028 0.56 20 0.055 0.030 0.55 30 0.060 0.027 0.05 40 0.064 0.029 0.001 50 0.069 0.039 0.001 3 0 0.044 0.017 0.55 87/0.087 10 0.048 0.026 0.82 20 0.053 0.028 0.95 30 0.057 0.024 0.06 40 0.062 0.031 0.001 50 0.066 0.049 0.001 Modulus of viscosity for ash microspheres was identified from 0 to 50% of humidity.
            
    Grain size composition was calculated by the equivalent size of particles in equation: , (4) where di is logarithmic mean of i faction size; xi is content ratio of i faction in mixture.
Sample number Humidity, [%] Normal stress in layer, [g/mm2] Shear stress in layer, [g/mm2] Modulus of viscosity Equivalent size of particles, [mm/um] 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 0.044 0.018 0.41 86/0.086 10 0.049 0.027 0.55 20 0.053 0.029 0.56 30 0.058 0.025 0.43 40 0.062 0.030 0.001 50 0.071 0.051 0.001 2 1 0.046 0.019 0.43 84/0.0084 10 0.050 0.028 0.56 20 0.055 0.030 0.55 30 0.060 0.027 0.05 40 0.064 0.029 0.001 50 0.069 0.039 0.001 3 0 0.044 0.017 0.55 87/0.087 10 0.048 0.026 0.82 20 0.053 0.028 0.95 30 0.057 0.024 0.06 40 0.062 0.031 0.001 50 0.066 0.049 0.001 Modulus of viscosity for ash microspheres was identified from 0 to 50% of humidity.
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Wei Yu, Jia Xin Shi, Ze Yu Zhang, En Tao Dong
            
                Industrial pure titanium plates are excellent in performance and easy to weld and braze, so they are used in a large number of aircraft and engine parts [1,2].
Fig. 6 Microstructure of different section of titanium sheets (a)GR1, (b)GR2, (c)TA1-1, (d)TA1-2 Compared with the cross-section micro-morphology of GR1, GR2 and TA1, the grain size of TA1 is smaller and the twin crystal is relatively more.
In GR1 and GR2, only a small amount of twins exist, and the crystal grains are large, which greatly improves the plasticity of the material.
            
    Fig. 6 Microstructure of different section of titanium sheets (a)GR1, (b)GR2, (c)TA1-1, (d)TA1-2 Compared with the cross-section micro-morphology of GR1, GR2 and TA1, the grain size of TA1 is smaller and the twin crystal is relatively more.
In GR1 and GR2, only a small amount of twins exist, and the crystal grains are large, which greatly improves the plasticity of the material.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Hu Yuan Zhang, Yi Chen, Xian Xian Shao, Xin Yuan Fu, Ping Liu
            
                Introduction
A large number of ancient earthen architecture ruins were left along the Silk Road in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest region, and these earthen ruins were constructed by clay or sand, or by directly digging raw soil, or by utilizing sun-dried mud bricks [1].
Table 1 Physical properties of the soil samples sample specific gravity Liquid limit /% Plastic limit /% Plasticity index Clay /% silt /% sand /% specific urface area/m2·g-1 Jiaohe 2.719 34.0 22.4 11.6 25.1 67.4 7.5 1.19 Gaochang 2.714 30.7 18.5 12.2 25.0 60.3 14.7 1.07 Jiuzhoutai 2.722 28.1 17.6 10.5 11.2 70.5 18.3 0.64 Table 2 Results of analysis by X-ray diffraction of test soil samples sample Montmorillonite Illite Plaster Kaolinite Chlorite Quartz potash feldspar anorthose Calcite Dolomite Jiaohe 2.3 2.1 0.1 2 0 39.2 18.3 34.9 0 0.3 Gaochang 2.1 4.7 0 2.1 1.6 37.2 13.6 22.3 14.6 0.4 Jiuzhoutai 1.4 6.9 0.1 3 1.7 48.4 11.2 15.9 8.9 1.9 Particle size frequency curve Cumulative grain size curves Fig.1 Grain size distribution curve of soil samples Test principle.
            
    Table 1 Physical properties of the soil samples sample specific gravity Liquid limit /% Plastic limit /% Plasticity index Clay /% silt /% sand /% specific urface area/m2·g-1 Jiaohe 2.719 34.0 22.4 11.6 25.1 67.4 7.5 1.19 Gaochang 2.714 30.7 18.5 12.2 25.0 60.3 14.7 1.07 Jiuzhoutai 2.722 28.1 17.6 10.5 11.2 70.5 18.3 0.64 Table 2 Results of analysis by X-ray diffraction of test soil samples sample Montmorillonite Illite Plaster Kaolinite Chlorite Quartz potash feldspar anorthose Calcite Dolomite Jiaohe 2.3 2.1 0.1 2 0 39.2 18.3 34.9 0 0.3 Gaochang 2.1 4.7 0 2.1 1.6 37.2 13.6 22.3 14.6 0.4 Jiuzhoutai 1.4 6.9 0.1 3 1.7 48.4 11.2 15.9 8.9 1.9 Particle size frequency curve Cumulative grain size curves Fig.1 Grain size distribution curve of soil samples Test principle.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Qing Hao Yang, Ying Wang, Wan Chang Sun, Hui Cai, Jumei Zhang
            
                When the temperature reaches to 400 °C, a large number of highly dispersed hard phase Ni3P appeared and had the maximum hardness of 1200 HV.
Increasing the annealing temperature to 600 °C, a noticeable grain growth is observed and the microhardness of the coating decreases to 810 HV, which could be the coarsening of grain size leads to surface brittleness and enhances the probability of dislocation propagation.
            
    Increasing the annealing temperature to 600 °C, a noticeable grain growth is observed and the microhardness of the coating decreases to 810 HV, which could be the coarsening of grain size leads to surface brittleness and enhances the probability of dislocation propagation.