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Influenced by tectonic background and global sea level rise, a set of deep water - fine grained sediments, mainly consisted of siliceous shales, cherts, carbonate rocks,are deposited during the formation of Wufeng formation in Late Ordovician[12].Early Silurian Longmaxi formation is mainly black shale deposited in deep water shelf environment.
Fine outcrops and some drillings provides a number of basic data in this study.
The organic matters type of Longmaxi shale Prospects of Shale Gas Exploration Longmaxi Formation shale is a set of siliceous clastic fine grained sediment, depositing in the deep-water shelf environment, it is the product of transgressive systems tracts，the stable deep-water sedimentary environment makes Longmaxi Formation shale’s thickness larger, plane distribution is stable, the thickness of the black shale is about 20-120 meters.

A certain ceramics density decline sintered at 1750°С is specified by the concentration grade growing of dioxide zirconium monoclinic phase due to the recrystallization growth of grains.
Ceramics and Titanium cermet density at different sintering temperatures Number Sample Density*, [gr/cm3] 1550 °С 1600 °С 1650 °С 1700 °С 1750 °С 1 CZC 4.03 4.80 4.81 4.94 4.84 2 OC-1,25 4.72 4.72 4.69 4.55 samples melted 3 OC-2,5 4.67 4.64 4.37 3.85 *For studied compositions the ceramics theoretical density equals 5.03 gr/cm3.
Therefore, the recrystallization growth of grains must be significantly decelerated in the issue of sintering activation energy reduction and a low motion speed of phase boundaries.

The principal component can compress a certain number of variables into several separate components, in order to reduce mutual interference among the variables.
According to the principal components analysis and the data collected in Hefei city, the data from 1998 to2009 were chosen as the bases, and nine affecting factors were selected, including:X1- the total population (10000 persons),X2- agricultural population(10000 persons), X3- gross domestic product (100 million yuan), X4- the second the tertiary industry product (100 million yuan), X5- total grain output(kg), X6-total agricultural product(100 million yuan), X7- grain yield per ha (kg/ha), X8- increase investment in fixed assets (100 million yuan), X9- per capita road area(m2),Y- area of cultivated land (ha).

Introduction High entropy alloys (HEAs), contain a variety of major elements, whose number is generally greater than 5, and the mole fraction is between 5% and 35% [1].
However, the laser cladding method has the advantages of high cooling velocity, low heat affected zone and fine grain of coatings, whose thickness can reach to a millimeter [11].
W has a higher melting point, its addition can lead to a decline in unit specific energy, then the degree of subcooling reduces during solidification, the growth rate of grains becomes slower, which lead to the increase of the dendrite size of W0.5 coating.

The microstructure results confirmed that Y3+ improves densification and causes reduction of grain growth.
When the temperature rises, the number of thermal electrons and their Schöttky defects will increase indicating by an increase in the conductivity values.
The defectives in perovskite structures include ‘lattice dipole’, ‘defect dipole’, and ‘grain dipole’, which influence co-existence of ‘tail curve’.

Such influences promote the formation of a fine-grained structure and increase the mechanical and operational properties of castings without the addition of special modifying additives.
The change in external conditions, for example, temperature, leads to a change in the structure of the short-range order (interatomic distances, coordination numbers, the geometry of the disposed atoms, and the sizes of the ordered cluster complexes).
The resulting excess of nuclei of crystallization determines the formation of an extremely non-dendritic structure with a grain size approximately equal to the size of the dendritic parameter.

The method of radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering has a number of advantages [7] and allows forming coatings with a controlled composition and high mechanical properties.
A sequential mechanical grinding of sample surfaces on an abrasive paper from coarse-grained up to fine-grained was carried out before deposition of the coating.

When NaOH concentration was over 0.6 mol/L, all the diffraction peaks and the Card Number PDF24-1224 were in accordance with the hexagonal phase Y(OH)3.
In the growing course of Y(OH)3, first, the Y(NO3)3 molecules were dissolved and hydrated, and the hexagonal phase Y(OH)3 crystal grains were obtained.
And as the alkali concentration was increased, the radial size of crystal grains turned larger and larger.

A number of fabric layers circular in shape, were stacked together.
Etching with 40% HF solution for 22 h delineated grain boundaries.
The deep cavities indicate the spalling of smaller grains.

However, only a limited number of investigations concern the direct heating of steels for the phase transformation, therefore, receive a superficial layer of the appropriate thickness, free of cracks and with high hardness.
The high energy density plasma arc could create a high cooling speed of the hardened layer at the surface just like laser, thus leading to the formation of superfine grains [12].
Martensite formed in the surface hardened layer has the properties of high hardness, fine grain size inherited from the substrate and severe dislocation.