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A high number of precipitates can be clearly seen on grain boundaries in the extruded state (Fig 1a).
In Fig. 1b it is observed that the heat treatment produces a fine precipitation inside the grains.

Heat Capacity and Efficiency Experiment of Grinding Fluid During grinding processing of structural ceramics, due to the poor heat conductivity of ceramics material and perfect heat conductivity of diamond grinding material, most of grinding heat transfers through diamond grinding grains to cause the temperature of the grinding grain point to rise in large scale, which could lead the graphitization of diamond grinding material and speed up the wearing of grinding wheel due to the forms such as abnormal dropping caused by softening of resin bond, therefore, cooling capacity is one of important parameters for specialized grinding fluid of ceramics, which can directly influence the heat transfer rate conducting to the work piece and grinding wheel.
From the diagram, we can see that a new infrared absorption peak appears at the point of wave number of 969.9cm -1 after oleyl alcohol spreads on ceramics, which shows that the infiltration of oleyl alcohol on the surface of silicon nitride ceramics will create a powerful adsorption which can made by chemical reaction or formed hydrogen bonding which is half chemical adsorption.

Introduction There are several schools of thought about bainite transformation. 1) Diffusional: The bainitic ferrite nucleates at parent austenite grain boundary.
Under the assumption that the shape of the advancing interface is parabolic cylinder, the growth rates of a platelike precipitate can be approached by[8]: ( ) ( ) 0.5 0.5 0 1 0 2 1 ( ) 1 p c p e erfc p S v x x S γα π µ ρ ρ = Ω + − + (2) where p is the peclet number and equals to 2Cv D γ ρ in which ρ is the radius of advancing fronts, 0µ is the interfacial kinetic coefficient, 1S and 2S are functions of p and xγα is the carbon concentration at flat interface.
The concentration fields of new grain interact with each other at the late stage of proeutectoid ferrite transformation.

The use of crumb rubber modifiers with asphalt binders seems to enhance the fatigue resistance, as illustrated in a number of studies [5, 6, 7, 8].
Considering rubber grains distributed in CRM binder, the two mixtures are different from the passing percent of 4.75mm sieve size.
The rubber grain can be a fine aggregate in the CRM mixture.

Viewing from the existing literatures [1]-[4], with the join of the pulsed electric current, it can significantly refine the grain structure and improve the macroscopic property of materials.
With its roles of purifying the molten steel, refining the grain, reducing the composition segregation and micro-alloying and etc., it can improve the quality of steel products[5-7].
However, as for the 2# sample of adding 4V pulsed electric field (Figure 7-b), the number and size of inclusions have declined, and main inclusions include metal sulfides with diameter about 10um.

These crystals exhibited a domain structure with the single-crystal grains exceeding 10 mm in dimension and the dislocation density locally less than ~104 cm-2.
Without the buffer, individual hexagonal sub-grains appeared on the surface resulting in the crystal quality degradation.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 distribution in the powder (referred to in Fig. 4 as optimal conditions) is favorable for stable long-term source operation.

On the other hand, there are an increasing number of studies which use synchrotron radiation sources, whose high intensity allow in-situ measurements to follow structural evolutions in real time.
Father annealing causes a resistance drop to a minimum at 1.7 A, while XRD spectra show the nucleation and growth of � Fe nanocrystals, with grain sizes of about 10 nm, and increasing crystalline volume fraction in this current range.
A similar behavior was observed for the Fe-B-Si-Ni-Mo alloy, with the beginning of structural ordering shifted to a higher current value (1.4 A), and the formation of larger �-Fe grains, about 40 nm in size.

Simulation program design of random loads In simulated drum cutting process, the following questions should be considered: (1) Simulating cutting pure coal and rock layers by corresponding mechanical model; (2) Determining location and number of rock sandwich according to geological data, simulated cutting rock sandwich by rock mechanics model; (3) Hard parcels are randomly distributed in the seam, but for a coal seam, its size, shape and location is determined [6].
Simulation and result analysis of random loads Taking a certain type continuous miner as an example, parameters used in the simulation are: drum diameter 0.915 m, drum width 3.35 m, rotating speed 38 r/min, cutting depth 0.58 m, boom length 6.445 m, swing speed 3.42 m/min; there is a layer coarse-grained sandstone along the seam, the upper and lower limit coordinates is:＝380 cm,＝350 cm; Parcels are sulfide type and distribution in Gamma function, there are 40, and the mean size of the long axis is 10 cm.
It can be found from results that loads of the drum are changing regardless of how is cut object, and there is significant volatility, which is reason of different pick number at each time, construction characteristics and physical properties of coal and rock.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by: 1National Natural Science Foundation-funded Project (59774033); 2Project of Creative Team for Liaoning Provincial Education Office (2007T068); 3Project guiding scientific and technological research of China Coal Industry Association (MTKJ-08-311); 4Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of large-scale mining equipment (the second batch of Science and Technology projects of Liaoning Province, 2008403010). 5Project of 2009 Safety Technology Development Program (Safety Production Supervision Bureau of Liaoning Province, the file number: [2009]88).

However, it is well known that the surface charge properties of different ceramic powders vary with the type of powder and in some cases even with the producer[7,8] ,so a number of studies on powder surface modification processing have been carried out.
Curve 1 is the spectrum of origin powder, the peak in the wave number 892.9 cm-1 is Si-N bond stretching vibration, while the 3474 cm-1 peak related with the O-H stretching vibration, due to hydrolysis of silicon in the air, which results of the O-H bond.
a c b Fig.3（a） The SEM of original Si3N4 powder Fig. 3 shows the morphology and grain size of Si3N4 powder without modifier and powders modified by tartaric acid and PEI.
At the same time we can see the powder modified with PEI are spherical trend, diamond, flaky particles significantly reduced the number of spherical particles increased significantly.

Patch is the gathering of species, and its type, scale, size, location, shape, edge and number not only have great influence on the structure of the landscape, but also have great effect on the ecological process.
During the operational process, it is necessary to consider seven ecological characteristics of landscape, such as large patches of natural vegetation, size of grain, the risk of proliferation, variability of gene, ecotone, small patches of natural vegetation, corridors, etc.
However, it can increase a small number of patches of agriculture between the large patches of natural vegetation and buildings.
For instance, in the construction of green area patches, great attention should be paid on the construction of large-scale green area patches, while arranging small green area patches as supplements; the more the number of green area patches, the higher the diversity of eco-system and species; the closer the connection between patches, the frequenter the species exchange in patches, the stronger capacity of resisting disturbance of the whole biotic population.