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The fulgide films can be applied as recording materials in ordinary holography and polarization holography, which were respectively based on the photochromic and photoinduced anisotropy properties.
At present, the most used recording materials for angle multiplexing are photopolymers [7], photorefractive crystals [2,5], and organic photochromic materials [8-12].
Photopolymers are Write-Ones-Read-Many (WORM) materials, not rewritable (RW).
Experimental Materials The fulgide material studied here is 3-indoly-benzylfulgimide, which was synthesized by the Stobbe condensation routine.
[11] R.A.Lessard, C.Lafond, G.Darderian, J.L.Gardette, A.Rivaton, M.Bolte: Fulgide-based WRE holographic materials: influence of the matrix on the fatigue process.

But for parts with less stress, their materials should be decreased moderately, thus, making more effective usage of them.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 457-458 (2014) pp 585-588
Journal of Mechanical Strength.
Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science).
Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics.

Preparation of Composite Materials.
Water absorption of composite materials is tested for 48 hours.
It is hard to move into composite materials for water.
Journal of Materials Research, Vol.21 (2007) , p.119 [4] Zhang Jian-Hong: Forestry Industry Vol. 31 (2004), p. 18 [5] Cesar Juarez, Alejandro Duran and Pedro Valdez: Building and Environment Vol. 42 (2007), p. 1151 [6] H.Savastano Jr, P.G.Warden and R.S.P.
Journal of Forestry Research, Vol.16(2005) , p.241 [8] K.Shima, H.Mizoguchi, K.Okubo and T.Fujii.

Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2006, 13(3): 427–431.
Journal of Fisheries of China, 2007, 31(6): 805–812.
Marine Science Bulletin, 1988, 7(1): 63–70.
Ph.D dissertation of institute of Geographic Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001.
Journal of Software, 2000, 11(5): 660-666.

Materials and Methods Experimental material Experimental wood is collected from Gaofeng Tree Farm, Nanning, Guangxi Province.
Journal of northeast forestry university. 2007.
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 304 (2011) pp 124-130 [10] Liu Honghai, Wang Qing wen .
Journal of Forestry Research, 2005, 16(3):237～240 [11] Grigory Torgovnikov, Peter Vinden.
Forest Products Journal [J]. 2009, April, 59(4):85～92

Exploration of Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloy vibration energy harvestor Qingxin Zhang 1, a, Huiyang Yu 1,b and Yuhuan Xie 1,c 1 Automation department, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China a e-mail: zhy9712@sau.edu.cn, b e-mail: yuhuiyang1989@126.com, c e-mail: 375648665@qq.com Keywords: Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloy (MSMA), piezoelectric materials(PZT), giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D), vibration energy harvestor.
Magnetically shape memory alloy (short for MSMA) can gets a larger deformation rate under the conditions of the martensite in the applied magnetic field, and having a shape memory function, high force , frequency and large energy density, it is expected to become a key materials of the new generation of smart actuators and sensors.
Wherein the electromagnetic type is constituted by the coil and the permanent magnet, using smart materials collected energy mainly to the piezoelectric material (PZT) and giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D).
Acknowledgements The research work reported in this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51277126).And thanks to the researchers for the suggestions, research samples and experimental datas.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2003, 13: 209—216

Through learning views of many researchesand scholars, the connotations of vulnerability in different fieldssuch asEnvironment Science, Disaster Science, Economics, TrafficTransport and so on.Then find the differencesbetween security, risk, other related concepts andvulnerability, combing the research results of related subject that we participated (such as conduct a internal investigationand site investigation research on subway).At last,we defined the connotation of subway system'svulnerability, and proposedthe constitute framework.
Main Influencing Factors of Beijing Subway System’s Vulnerability Human Factors Equipment Factors Environment Factors 1 Exposure time 1 Equipment place 1 Accessibility 2 Exposure place 2 Equipment load 2 Reasonable of design 3 Density of passenger flow 3 Number of need to repair 3 Effectiveness of marks related to safety 4 Population proportion 4 Performance completeness 5 Physiology character 5 Device redundancy 4 Reasonable of facilities 5 Fire resistance of the materials in the subway station 6 Psychological quality 6 Stability of equipment 7 Professional competence 7 Resilience of wrong operation 8 Safety awareness Conclusions Currently, there is little discussion about the concept of vulnerability of subway system. 1.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Key Program of National Social Science Foundation of China (13AZD088) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2014JMB047).
References [1] Turner B L,Kasperson R E,Matson P A,et al: submitted to Journal ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2003) [2] Burton I,White G F: The Environment as Hazard(2nd Edition.
New York:The Guilford Press,1993) [3] Blaikie P,Cannon T,Davis I,et al: At Risk:Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters(London:Psychology Press2004) [4] Cutter S L:submitted to Journal of Progress in Human Geography(1996) [5] Watts M J,Bohle H G: submitted to Journal ofProgress in Human Geography (1993) [6] JianyiHuang, YiLiu, LiMa, et al: submitted to Journal ofAREAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (2012)

Lambrakos1, b 1 Naval Research Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20375, U.S.A.
Such a capability will enable the production of unusual materials and structures.
This class of materials is called functionally-graded materials or FGMs.
Lambrakos: submitted to Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, (2010) [4] K.P.
Cooper, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, (07 Jul 2009), published on-line

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays.
Clay mineral–dye interactions, clay mineral–hybrid film formation, and clay polymer nanocomposites are actual topics in material science [1].
Experimental Materials The Na Cloisite and Cloisite 30B organophilic clay were supplied by Southern Clay Products, Texas/EUA.
Lagaly: Handbook of Clay Science, Elsevier, 2006
Rodrigues: Materials Science Forum Vol. 660 (2010), p. 1031

This article describes the problems of deterioration of the quality of processed raw materials due to depletion of mineral resources.
After a thorough analysis of the experience of world-known research and technologies for processing such raw materials [7-10], we proposed to use nitric acid for processing of such materials, which is one of the most effective oxidants and reagents for leaching [11,12].
Materials and Methods The chemical composition of the studied raw materials is presented in Table 1.
Laboratory studies of the process of nitric acid leaching of the studied materials were carried out.
Acknowledgements The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation under grant № 18-19-00186.