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These composite coatings possess enhanced properties such as wear, corrosion and oxidation resistance, dispersion hardening or self-lubrication relative to pure metal, so that they can protect the metal substrates more effectively against severe environments during operation [1].
Its mechanical properties can be varied by altering the electrolyte composition and operating parameters [2].
The properties of deposits formed via electroplating are affected significantly by several factors such as the substrate, current density, bath constituents, and bath concentrations The bath constituents consisting of metal cations, anions, wetting agents, conducting salts, buffers, and additives play important roles in the electrodeposition process such as metal ion discharge, complex formation, transport through the solution, reactant activity, and electrocrystallization [15].
However out of all the Ni based composite coatings BN/TiN doped composites showed much harder surface had studied a detailed investigation on Ni-TiN composites and showed a hardness of 600-1180 HV. [11-13] 3.3 properties of different coating and particle size MATERIAL PHASES PARTICLE SIZE PROPERTIES [1].
The microstructural investigation of films showed nano-structured phases which improved the mechanical and electrochemical properties.

Literature Review Studies on the methods and apparatus developed for automatic on-line sampling and measurement of nanoparticle properties, such as particle size, distribution and concentration in suspension have been few [2-7].
It consists of a specially designed mechanical spring (Part #5) and some electrical switch valves (Parts #3 and 22).
(The sampling time varied from 10 to 40 minutes and the process parameter setup B was applied) c.c. and 20 minutes, respectively could achieve reliable data measurement of particle properties with acceptable data errors level (within ± 5%).
This unexpected situation was due to the arbitrary choice of process parameters arranged for the verification of any undesired measurement fluctuation on particle properties potentially caused by various process parameters.
In the ASNSS, the dielectric volume and sampling period can be set at 40 c.c. and 20 minutes, respectively to sustain reliable data measurement of particle properties with acceptable data errors level (within ± 5%).

Research on sand collecting mechanism’s flanks of A New Railway Sand Removal Vehicle Based on CAE method Zhaoxia Cui1, a, Sijia Guo1, Jianguo Qin1, Tao Yang1, Shouquan Hou1 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China acuizhaoxia@sina.com Keywords: Railway sand removal vehicle, Flanks, CAE (Computer Aided Engineering).
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 3 Structure of flanks (a) small flank (b) middle flank (c) rear flank (d) flank assemble Calculation of Resistance Force of Collected Sand The resistance force of collected sand in front of shovel relates not only to sort and condition of collected sand, but also relates to volume of collected sand and other factors.
First, The 3D model of flank assembly were built by using UG software and create a Parasolid format file [6], then the file was imported into Adams / View environment, before performing a movement analysis, several parameters should be specified, such as properties of material.
Li: Mechanical Design Handbook.
Chen: Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems and ADAMS Application.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted interest of the composite researchers because of its tribological and mechanical properties.
The properties of nano fluids (Table 2) are tested in Mettex lab, Chennai, India.
This mixture of lubricant has to be checked for various properties such as Flash point, Fire point, Pour point, Kinematic Viscosity, etc.
Table 3 shows four machining parameters as control factors and their levels.
Paulo Davim, Role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in improving wear properties of polypropylene (PP) in dry sliding condition, [J].Materials & Design, 48 (2013) 52–57.

The properties of this type of artificial blood vessel - radical and axial tensile property, area of aperture gaps - are observed by an electron microscopy and analyzed to prepare for the further experiments.
Tensile property includes the radial tensile property and the axial tensile property.
However, a too large diameter may affect the mechanical property of the artificial vessel.
Tensile property.
The tensile properties of weaving tissue are much better than that of knitting tissue; besides, they have much more stable structure.

In the absence of accurate method of calculation, increasing the safety factor blindly will lead to large structure size and increasing weight, and increasing strength is not significant, at the same time it will add the cost.
The processing methods of working load affecting the drum are as follows: introducing the conveyor belt when modeling, making a contact process between the conveyor belt and the drum in the analysis, then imposing the circumferential constraints at the drive torque side of the drum and the uniformly distributed loads at the tight side and the loose side of the conveyor belt.
Finite element analysis of drum Solid modeling and material properties defining.
Components of drive drum have many kinds of materials; corresponding material properties are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Material properties Component name Material Elastic modulus Poisson's ratio Cylindrical shell Q235 2E11 0.28 Shaft 40Cr 2.07E11 0.3 Spoke, hub, steel belt etc.

Another application field is the tuning of the properties of 3C-SiC grown on Si as well as the interface of the large mismatched heterostructure [3-7].
Furthermore, it was discovered that Ge incorporation affects, despite its non-doping behavior, the electric properties of the grown SiC layers [9].
The mechanism is not fully understood, but evidence indicates that Ge may affect the concentration of other defects influencing the electric properties of the SiC [10, 11].
Experimental As substrates chemical mechanical polished Si-face 4H-SiC(0001) substrates were used.
This indicates that kinetic factors are dominating the Ge incorporation in the chosen temperature range.

.%, without affecting the technological properties or performances of tiles.
Factors can leads of arising ASR are: alkalis (Na2O and K2O), nature and size of aggregate and adequate moisture.
Rajamannan, Mechanical properties related to use of glass waste as a raw material in porcelain stoneware tile mixtures.
Guarini, Effect of soda-lime glass on sintering and technological properties of porcelain stoneware tiles.
Poon, Properties of architectural mortar prepared with recycled glass with different particle sizes.

Dynamic Sliding Mode Control Scheme for Electro-hydraulic Velocity Servo System Qi Zhang1,a , jingdong Zhang2,3,b ,Rui Tang1,3,c， 1School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pan-zhihua University, Jichang Road No.10, Sichuan,Panzhihua617000,China 2 School of Transportation and Automobile Engineering, Pan-zhihua University, Jichang Road No.10, Sichuan,Panzhihua617000,China 3 School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ,Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu61065,China apzhuzq@126.com, bzjdzhangjingdong@163.com, cpzhutr@163.com, Keywords: electro-hydraulic servo control systems;mathematical model;chartering;dynamic sliding mode control;simulation ; Abstract.
Given that the quality and stability of servo system will be affected by the chartering phenomenon in the SMC, this paper proposes an approach to overcome the chattering: dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC).
However, when the state trajectory reaches the sliding surface, the time lag switch, spatial lag switch, the system's inertia, uncertainties and other factors[4], make the system difficult to reach the balance point along the sliding surface strictly, but cross both sides of sliding surface in back and forth, thus resulting in chattering.
And the property of servo system will be damaged.
Therefore, the impact of some discontinuous factors in the controlling law of SMC has been moved into the first order or higher order derivatives terms.

Compared with the three-phase induction motors, the main disadvantage of single-phase induction motor are:poor start and overload capability, soft Mechanical properties, poor anti-load fluctuations, low stability, speed performance and efficiency[1].In the case of the absence of three-phase power, connecting the three-phase induction motor to the single phase power supply has a certain practical significance.
Research shows that we should maximize the utilization of electrical power when the three-phase induction motor is single-phase running, and to make the motor has a better operating characteristics and a high power factor[2].In addition, when the three-phase induction motor is in single phase operation, the motor itself does not have a high starting torque, and therefore we need to take appropriate measures to form a rotating magnetic field, and then get the motor starting torque[3].
Assuming that the rotor speed for n, the rotor slip of positive rotating magnetic field is s, slip for reverse rotating magnetic field is.The mutual effect between forward rotating magnetic field and its induced rotor current affect causes positive electromagnetic torque ;the mutual effect between reverse rotation magnetic field and its induced rotor current affect causes reverse electromagnetic torque ;the sum of electromagnetic torque in both directions, T is the synthesis of electromagnetic torque of motors, as is shown in Fig.3.
Inductance value is great when the slip value is small, even negative, The reason is that when the motor speed close to synchronous speed, the power factor close 0.5or less than 0.5,that makes the inductance value large or less than zero calculated by Eq.6.
The motor is generally running in the vicinity of rated speed, At this point the power factor is larger, the calculated inductance value is positive, and not great.