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The increasing need for micro scale products or micro scale components made out of brittle and hard to machined materials can no longer be manufactured by conventional machining methods [1].
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 98(5-8), 2031–2055. doi:10.1007/s00170018-2359-1 [5] Ding, H., Chen, S.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 53(9-12), 1075–1079.doi:10.1007/s00170-010-2903-0 [6] I Rasidi, I., Rafai, N.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 100, 012057. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/100/1/012057 [7] Shahriar Kouravand & Behnam Moetakef Imani (2014) Developing A Surface Roughness Model for End-Milling of Micro-Channel, Machining Science and Technology: An International Journal, 18:2, 299-321, DOI: 10.1080/10910344.2014.897846 [8] Malekian, M., Mostofa, M.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(3), 553–559.doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.05.022 [9] De Oliveira, F.

Each phase materials of mesoscopic concrete are shown in Fig.3.Before peak stress, material is elastic, afterwards mechanical behavior of concrete is characterize by the relationship between stress and crack width.
P, CARPINTERI A, RONCELLA R, et al.Computational Materials Science.
Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 29(4): 42 [3] Bing Fu, Jianbo Li, Gao lin, Jianyun Chen.
Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering.Vol.27(2010), p. 10 (In Chinese) [4] Hongchang Qu, Guorong Chen, Xiaozhou Xis.Journal of Hohai University(Nature Science).
Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering.Vol.17(2009), p. 1

Fig. 2 depicts the band structures of the materials.
Fig. 6 shows the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of the materials.
Jacob, Review on the antimicrobial properties of carbon nanostructures, Materials, 10(9) (2017) 1066
Wentzcovitch, QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials, Journal of physics: Condensed matter, 21(39) (2009) 395502
Shahtahmasebi, Optical absorption and electron energy loss spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Computational Materials Science, 49(3) (2010) 450-456

Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 33: (2012),75–86
Ramamoorthy, Performance of coated tools during hard turning under minimum fluid application, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 185: (2007), 210–216
Mohammad “RSM Based Study of Cutting Temperature during Hard Turning with Multilayer Coated Carbide Insert”, Procedia Materials Science, 6:(2014) 1233-1242
International Journal of Machining Science and Technology 14: (2010),471–501
Ramamoorthy, ‘Performance of coated tools during hard turning under minimum fluid application’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 185: (2007), 210-216

Concrete and lime are utilized as fundamental materials to create the mortar, and these materials are viable and demonstrated their accomplishment in numerous events.
The concrete assembling is the greatest shopper for vitality and crude materials.
The mixer’s interior surface cleaned and wetted before putting the materials. 
Al-Najar, A review applying industrial waste materials in stabilisation of soft soil, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering. 18 (2018): 16-23
Girge, Effect of use of bagasse ash on strength of concrete, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2 (2013): 2997-3000

Investigation of the Influence of Surface Strengthening Technology on the Material of Railway Car Wheel Axles Tibor Berecz1a , Levente Balogh2b 1 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Technical and Economical University of Budapest 1111 Budapest (Hungary), Bertalan Lajos utca 7. 2 Department of Materials Physics, Lóránd Eötvös University 1117 Budapest (Hungary), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a.
This process is able to increase the strength of the surface and improves its fatigue properties as a result of the change in the microstructure of materials.
The nominal chemical composition of the base-materials of axles can be seen in Table 1.
Szabó: Microstructure Development of Creep Resistant Ferritic Steel during Creep; Materials Science and Engineering A 387-389C (2004) pp. 710-715
Ungár: Correlation between Strength and Microstructure of BallMilled Al-Mg Alloys Determined by X-ray Diffraction; Materials Science and Engineering A 387-389 (2004) pp. 343-347

Yan: Advanced Materials Research Vol.129-131(2010), p.189
[2] E.Momchilov: Journal of Materials Science and Technology Vol.2 (1994), p.3
Xu: Advanced Materials Research Vol.129-131(2010), p.185 [4] X.P.
Xiong: Advanced Materials Research Vol.139-141(2010), p. 506
Clegg: Material Science and Technology Vol.15 (1999), p. 812

The utilization of materials were found to exhibit many advantages and able to be cooperated easily in engineering applications.
Bakhshandeh: Iranian Polymer Journal, Vol. 8 (1999), pp. 37-42
Science and Technology.
Zhang: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 85(14) (2002), pp. 2862-2866 [9] H.
Hussin: Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology.

These properties make these materials ideal candidates for photovoltaic applications [5-7].
Sun, Structural, optical and electrical properties of Fe-doped SnO2 fabricated by sol-gel dip coating technique, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing,13 (2010) 125-131 [2] B.
Rahal, Optical and Structural Characterization of Fluorine-Doped SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Ultrasonic, Journal of New Technology and Materials, 04 (2014)106-111 [21] A.E.
Kamoun-Turki, Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of SnS:Ag Thin Films, Journal of Electronic Materials, 44 (2015) 4392-4399 [29] J.
Turki-Kamoun, Effects of Al content on physical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 26 (2015) 8854-8862 [31] B.Benhaoua, S.

Material's non-linear behavior; convection and radiation boundary condition; the influence of gap at the interface of materials; and pulsed laser output power were considered.
Material physical properties are quoted from [8,9].
Due to the gap between two-piece of material, thermal conductivity is discontinuous at contact surface, the laser power was therefore divided in two parts: one part melted the upper material, the other part melted the second material's surface.
Kokkonen: Journal of Laser Applications 13(2), (2001), p.79 [3] De A, Maiti SK, Walsh CA, and Bhadeshia Hkdh: Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 8 (5), (2003), p.377
Kemal, Aldas, Kemal, and Sen, Faruk: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 142(1), (2003), p.1 [5] T.Mys,M.Geiger: Proceedings of SPIE, Osaka, Japan, Vol.5063,(2003),p.221 [6] John Goldak, Aditya Chakravarti, and Malcolm Bibby: Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol.15B, (1984), p. 295