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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Yi Pei Zeng, Guo Zhang Xu, Meng Zhu He
According to the field data, the assumptions of the orientation and space of the joints and fissures can be made as follows:
(1)Three sets of joint planes simulated: ① N50°~60ºE / NW∠40°~45º,② N60°~70ºW / NE∠ 40º; ③ approximately SN / E∠ 75°~85º;
(2)The joint space is obtained as 0.6m in the fresh-slightly-weathered rocks and as 0.3m in the weak-weathered rocks.
The unloading relaxation range caused by the excavation blasting is taken as 10m, with the strength reduction to 60% in the 3-meter surface layer, and to 80% in the rest 7m.Based on the relevant rules, the controlling standard of the bucking safety factor of Karl Valley Quarry slope K is obtained as1.15 3.3 Loads calculation and reinforcement simulation The loads in calculation in the Karl Valley Quarry slope include geostatic stress field, tectonic stress field and the loads of prestressed anchor cable.
Meanwhile, it is suggested that the timeliness of anchorage should be fortified, and that excessively large deformation and excessive reduction of strength parameters due to the dramatic unloading should be avoided.
The unloading relaxation range caused by the excavation blasting is taken as 10m, with the strength reduction to 60% in the 3-meter surface layer, and to 80% in the rest 7m.Based on the relevant rules, the controlling standard of the bucking safety factor of Karl Valley Quarry slope K is obtained as1.15 3.3 Loads calculation and reinforcement simulation The loads in calculation in the Karl Valley Quarry slope include geostatic stress field, tectonic stress field and the loads of prestressed anchor cable.
Meanwhile, it is suggested that the timeliness of anchorage should be fortified, and that excessively large deformation and excessive reduction of strength parameters due to the dramatic unloading should be avoided.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Christophe Raynaud, Dominique Planson, Mihai Lazar, Duy Minh Nguyen, Heu Vang
Introduction
Due to its wide bandgap, high breakdown field, and high thermal conductivity, silicon carbide is the
semiconductor material that allows a spectacular reduction of the resistance of the active layers.
These values are divided by a factor of 100 compared to silicon due to doping increasing and size reduction.
Theoretical models confirmed by experimental data, have shown that for high doping concentrations where the conduction process is field emission, ρc decreases strongly with the doping layer (ln(ρc) ~ N -1/2) [3,4].
These values are divided by a factor of 100 compared to silicon due to doping increasing and size reduction.
Theoretical models confirmed by experimental data, have shown that for high doping concentrations where the conduction process is field emission, ρc decreases strongly with the doping layer (ln(ρc) ~ N -1/2) [3,4].
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Guo Xing Chen, Yan Gao, Jin Li Hu, Shu Hui Wu
The grain size reduction in combination with higher dislocation density causes many unique physical and mechanical properties of ECAP-manufactured materials.
After the first pass, the initial equiaxial grains were elongated with a significant reduction of the size to about 30μm in length and 10μm in width (see Fig. 1(b)) because of the shear strain induced by ECAP process.
Electrochemical tests were carried out to acquire quantitative corrosion data for comparison of ECAPed AISI 304 austenitic SS with as-received one.
After the first pass, the initial equiaxial grains were elongated with a significant reduction of the size to about 30μm in length and 10μm in width (see Fig. 1(b)) because of the shear strain induced by ECAP process.
Electrochemical tests were carried out to acquire quantitative corrosion data for comparison of ECAPed AISI 304 austenitic SS with as-received one.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wei Shao, Xiu Juan Chu, Kai Gao, Hua Zhang
The product was re-crystallized at 80 ℃ for 24h.
2) The diffraction characterization of δ-MnO2
Figure 3 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the product. d=0.719, 0.361 and 0.244 nm, similar to the layered structure of δ-MnO2 reported in the literatures [8, 9]; 2θand peak strength are similar to the diffraction data on JCPDS card.
A new preparation method of nanometerγ-MnO2- ultrasound irradiation oxidation and reduction method [J] Chemistry journal, 2004, 62 (16) : 1557 -- 1560
The quantum chemistry research on MnO2 catalytic oxygen reduction [j].
A new preparation method of nanometerγ-MnO2- ultrasound irradiation oxidation and reduction method [J] Chemistry journal, 2004, 62 (16) : 1557 -- 1560
The quantum chemistry research on MnO2 catalytic oxygen reduction [j].
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Bruce Geil, Sei Hyung Ryu, Charles Scozzie, John W. Palmour, Anant K. Agarwal, Jim Richmond, Sumi Krishnaswami, Craig Capell, Dimos Katsis
The data are plotted in Figure 4.
The current gain decreases with temperature due to the increase in the ionization of deep level acceptor atoms, resulting in a reduction of emitter injection efficiency.
For low collector current densities, the gain is lowered due to the recombination in the base-emitter space charge region, whereas at higher current densities, the reduction in the current gain is due to the surface recombination.
The current gain decreases with temperature due to the increase in the ionization of deep level acceptor atoms, resulting in a reduction of emitter injection efficiency.
For low collector current densities, the gain is lowered due to the recombination in the base-emitter space charge region, whereas at higher current densities, the reduction in the current gain is due to the surface recombination.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Tie Jun Ma, Ying Jie Wang, Yong Zhang, Xu Chao Yuan, Guo Dong Wen, Da Lu Gao
Then the data was processed by Origin software.
Greater oscillation frequency leads to faster temperature reduction of aluminum, with much less heat conducted to lead block.
This makes reduction of flowability of lead.
Greater oscillation frequency leads to faster temperature reduction of aluminum, with much less heat conducted to lead block.
This makes reduction of flowability of lead.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Cheng Chen, Jian Li
Finally the content of the cell was heated to 58.5℃which is above the critical temperature of CO2, so that no liquid–vapor-interface could be formed during pressure reduction.
The data of bulk density listed in table 1 which conformed the range of density of aerogel.
The picture confirm that the solvent exchange procedures were complete, and the net structure formed during pressure reduction in the resulting stage of supercritical CO2 drying.
The data of bulk density listed in table 1 which conformed the range of density of aerogel.
The picture confirm that the solvent exchange procedures were complete, and the net structure formed during pressure reduction in the resulting stage of supercritical CO2 drying.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Jazair Yahya Wira, Zahari Mohamad
Blending 50% biodiesel with another 50% diesel could lead to a reduction as much as 31.5% of CO2[7].
The reaction will be conducted in batch and the reduction of FFA will be monitored throughout the process.
Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency will be derived from the test data.
The reaction will be conducted in batch and the reduction of FFA will be monitored throughout the process.
Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency will be derived from the test data.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jin Chao Xu, Xiu Ting Han, Juan Li, Mei Han, Hong Zhi Yang, Xiao Dong Li, Yuan Fang Cheng
Table 1 is comparison data before and after taken balance measures of seven pumping wells with poor balance, it can be seen from the results, when keeping pumping wells with essentially the same lift height and liquid production, improve degree of balance to increase the efficiency of the system.
Based on solving the problems of beam pumping unit, for example more energy transfer links, more complex structure, high energy consumption, investment, and a single function, let the flexible alternative to rigid transfer, substantial reduction in energy transfer links, through reducing rod weight load as a breakthrough to achieve light and compact oil production ground equipment, while minimizing energy consumption, increased functionality, lower investment and overall cost, and its innovative ideas are followings.
Greatly reducing the energy transfer link, rod weight down to 3/10; system function by only oil pumping extended to flexible rod operation, testing and other functions, a significant reduction in maintenance workload and costs; the volume and the whole weight of the pumping unit are lower than 1/10 of the original system; motor power down to 1/24 of the original; Pump efficiency and system efficiency were increased 20-40%.
Based on solving the problems of beam pumping unit, for example more energy transfer links, more complex structure, high energy consumption, investment, and a single function, let the flexible alternative to rigid transfer, substantial reduction in energy transfer links, through reducing rod weight load as a breakthrough to achieve light and compact oil production ground equipment, while minimizing energy consumption, increased functionality, lower investment and overall cost, and its innovative ideas are followings.
Greatly reducing the energy transfer link, rod weight down to 3/10; system function by only oil pumping extended to flexible rod operation, testing and other functions, a significant reduction in maintenance workload and costs; the volume and the whole weight of the pumping unit are lower than 1/10 of the original system; motor power down to 1/24 of the original; Pump efficiency and system efficiency were increased 20-40%.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Mohd Hasbullah Idris, Saeed Farahany, M. Aghaie-Khafri, Ali Ourdjini
It should be mentioned that there is no published data on specifications of the HIP process.
The reduction area percentage of creep test for cast, HT+ HIP and HIP + HT conditions is shown in Fig.4.
Fig.4 Variations of reduction area percentage in the cast, cast+HT+HIP and cast+HIP+HT samples Fig.5 Vickers microhardness value in the cast, cast+HT+HIP and cast+HIP+HT conditions Conclusion Due to deleterious effect of HIP process on microstructure of IN738 and especially morphology of g ¢ precipitates, it must be modified by secondary process like as heat treatment.
The reduction area percentage of creep test for cast, HT+ HIP and HIP + HT conditions is shown in Fig.4.
Fig.4 Variations of reduction area percentage in the cast, cast+HT+HIP and cast+HIP+HT samples Fig.5 Vickers microhardness value in the cast, cast+HT+HIP and cast+HIP+HT conditions Conclusion Due to deleterious effect of HIP process on microstructure of IN738 and especially morphology of g ¢ precipitates, it must be modified by secondary process like as heat treatment.