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Simulation research on fuzzy PID control for transmission shaft rolling control system MENG Jinying1, a, WANG Xibin 2,b , LIANG Zhiqiang 3,c ,PEI Jiajie 4,d and ZHOU Tianfeng 5,e 1,2,3,4,5School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China amengjinying1111@126.com, bcutting@bit.edu.cn, cliangzhiqiang@bit.edu.cn, d514091327@qq.com, ezhoutf@bit.edu.cn Keywords: transmission shaft; rolling control system; fuzzy PID control Abstract: The transmission shaft rolling control system is characterized by time-varying and nonlinear properties.
However, because of the transmission shaft itself straightness, oil bodies and the cylinder piston rod inertia, oil temperature changes, and site conditions and other factors, the system has high uncertainty and nonlinear characteristics[3,4].Conventional PID control is difficult to obtain satisfactory control performance for its poor inhibitory effect on system disturbance.
To facilitate the design of fuzzy controller, fuzzy domain of E , EC are:[-3,3], fuzzy domain of deltaKp,deltaKi and deltaKdare:[-3,3], [-3,3],[-1.5,1.5].The quantization factor of input is: Ke=3/6=0.5,Kec=3/3=1.The scale factor of output is: Kup=3/3=1，Kui=6/3=2，Kud=1.5/1.5=1.The fuzzy linguistic variables of the input and output are set to 7, name -ly: {negative big (NB), negative medium (NM), negative small (NS), zero (Z), positive small (PS), positive middle (PM ), positive big (PB)}.
(2)When the system is affected by interfering signals, the fuzzy PID control can achieve self-tuning control parameters and the maximum overshoot reduce 3.4% compare to conventional PID.
Analysis on influence factors of fatigue life of torsion shaft[J].

Similarly, the surface preparation procedures impact the magneto-mechanical properties of these materials.
The influence of the constraints on the MFIS depends on the mechanical properties of the MSMAs.
Here, two samples with two different types of mechanical properties were tested.
It was shown in [24], however, that the magneto-mechanical properties of this sample are comparable to those of similar samples without cracks.
Chmielus: Composition, Structure and Magneto-Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape-Memory Alloys (Logos Verlag Berlin, Germany 2010)

In a real sense, the conductivity of polymers is due to the combination of some factors.
Moreso, choice of dopant for conductive polymers can also affect the structural properties and surface features of polymers [103, 104].
Jiang, A facile approach for the fabrication of core–shell PEDOT nanofiber mats with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility, J.
Poole-Warren, Impact of co-incorporating laminin peptide dopants and neurotrophic growth factors on conducting polymer properties. 
Fatas, Electrochemical and mechanical properties of polypyrrole coatings on steel, Electrochim. act. 49 (2004) 3693-3699

The mechanical performance of concrete structures closely relates to the propagation of cracks.
The calculation accuracy of effective crack length a affects the characteristic crack length and energy dissipation accuracy of concrete.
Table 1 Three-point bending beam specimen mechanical properties and dimensions Specimen NO. a0/h Fmax[kN] CMODc[μm] CTODc[μm] a[mm] Gf [N/m] Gf×[N/m] TPB25-02-01 0.2 7.188 43.0 26.52 75.1 59.525 59.526 TPB25-02-03 0.2 6.948 41.4 26.46 80.6 58.823 58.823 TPB25-02-04 0.2 5.563 44.6 29.96 90.9 65.820 63.789 Mean 0.2 6.543 43.7 28.23 82.97 61.389 60.712 TPB25-03-01 0.3 5.095 49.7 24.77 92.4 55.09 54.382 mean 0.3 5.095 49.7 24.77 92.4 55.09 54.382 TPB25-04-01 0.4 4.458 56.0 22.59 109.8 49.708 49.514 TPB25-04-02 0.4 3.696 58.7 22.13 104.7 49.239 48.588 TPB25-04-04 0.4 3.75 60.8 24.86 111.0 57.029 55.805 mean 0.4 3.968 58.5 23.32 108.8 51.992 51.302 TPB25-05-01 0.5 3.730 60.1 19.03 125.7 42.141 40.694 TPB25-05-03 0.5 3.008 54.3 18.98 133.6 40.328 38.002 TPB25-05-04 0.5 3.750 59.7 20.24 130.9 36.845 33.402 mean 0.5 3.720 58.1 19.04 128.2 39.772 37.366 Analysis of test result.
The results indicate that each specimen’s fracture energy of the same crack-ratio is not identical because of the uncertainty factors in the test, though the difference is not big.
[2] S.W.Hu, J.Lu and X.Q.Zhong: Study on characteristics of acoustic emission property in the normal concrete fracture test [J].

Several types of materials with different material properties have been simulated, such as high permeable mumetal and conductive aluminum, for the chamber itself, copper for the coil and air as the medium in which the magnetic field is propagating.
The influence of geometrical and material properties parameters, like the thickness and the permeability of the ferromagnetic alloy, in the effectiveness of the shielding has been investigated using optimization techniques available in the design optimization module existing in the ANSYS v 14.0 ® finite element analysis software.
Particularly, magnetic fields at DC and low frequency, caused by permanent magnets, communication lines and even by earth field, can significantly affect the performance of highly sensitive devices [18,19].
Niarchos, Mechanical Sensors Based on Re-Entrant Flux Reversal, IEEE Trans.
Petridis, I Petrou, PD Dimitropoulos, E Hristoforou, Determining appropriate magnetic core properties for a new type of flux-gate like sensor, Sensor Letters, 5, p. 98-101, 2007 [10] B.

It was reported that the ratio of TEOS:H2O was an important factor affecting the viscosity of sol [10].
Zhou, Fabrication of a new SiC/2024Al co-continuous composite with lamellar microstructure and high mechanical properties, J.
Xiao, Microstructure and properties of MoSi2-RSiC composites prepared by PIP and MoSi2-Si-Al alloy melting infiltration composite process, Key Eng.
Kennedy, Capillarity-driven infiltration of alumina foams with an Al-Mg alloy: processing, microstructure, and properties, J.
Binner, Microstructure and property characterisation of 3-3 Al(Mg)/Al2O3 interpenetrating composites produced by a pressureless infiltration technique, J.

Rapid Prototyping for Treatment of Cranial Reconstruction Surgery Yadong Chen1, a, Hu Li1,b ,Wenzheng Wu1,c and Wanshan Wang1,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PRC aneucyd@163.com, bhhuli@mail.neu.edu.cn, cwenzheng.wu@gmail.com, dwws@mail.neu.edu.cn Keywords: Cranioplasty Reconstruction;Rapid Prototyping; Computer Applications Abstract.
The accuracy of RP bio-models depends on various factors associated with all phases of the process.
The reconstructed CT data was transferred to a CD and loaded into the Mimics software that is used at the Rapid Prototyping (RP) Laboratory at the School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, at Northeastern University.
Fig. 2 CT images According to the Cranial CT images, the surgeon could understand most of the affected parts of the skull.
Fig. 5 SLA-250 from Objet Geometries Titanium has good properties for medical applications, such as excellent biocompatibility, specific strength, low density, and good corrosion and oxidation resistance.

Rigorous quantum mechanical calculations of ionization cross sections have only appeared in the literature recently and only for some simple atoms in their electronic ground state [4].
The rigorous theoretical treatment of ionization cross sections for a wide range of impact energies from threshold to thousands of electron volts ( hereafter referred to as “deductive approach”, since they start from general principles and deduce expressions for special cases under well-defined conditions) of an atom is beyond the capability of current quantum-mechanical electron collision theory [5].The need to incorporate ionization cross sections for these targets in modeling codes for various applications has stimulated interest in the use of less rigorous approaches such as semi-rigorous methods that incorporate aspects of established collision theories and some quantum mechanically calculated target properties to the calculation of the ionization cross section ( hereafter referred to as “inductive approaches”, since they start from special cases and attempt to derive expressions of general applicability) as well as various fitting formulas [6].
The largest difference (factor of 2) between calculated and measured value is found for uranium.
As for the rest of the elements, one of them are within 12%~30% of the measured values (He), 2 elements are within 31%~100% (C, N) and for 3 elements (O, F, Ne) is overestimated by a factor of 0.51.
The accuracy of experimental data to a large extent affects the calculation results of electron-ion collision.

However, because of the absence of factors preventing grain growth a nanostructure cannot be formed in this case.
The improvement of mechanical properties is most effective in the case of pure metals.
The mechanical properties of the SMC billet were also excellent.
The increase of patent number may be the result of two factors: • The research has led to applications
• Mechanical and multifunctional properties to be exploited in high value MEMS.

Many service characteristics of intermetallic alloys depend on their physical and mechanical properties such as thermodynamic stability, diffusion characteristics, properties of internal interfaces and surfaces, mobility of dislocations, etc.
Interfaces in intermetallic compounds Generalized stacking faults (GSFs) are critical for mechanical properties of intermetallics.
These properties depend sensitively on the surface orientation.
The anisotropy factor of diffusion is in excellent agreement with experiment.
Properties that can be computed include, but are not limited to, elastic constants, thermal expansion, thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams, point defects and diffusion, surface and interfacial segregation, structure and mechanical strength of grain boundaries, inter-phase boundaries, dislocation properties, fracture crack propagation and many more.