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Following the dealloying process, amorphous copper atoms are rearranged in a cubic crystalline system (JCPDS card No. 01-085-1326).
At 24 h of immersion time, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) with cubic structure is presented on the surface of the ribbons (JCPDS card No. 01-077-0299).
The cubic Cu (JCPDS card No. 01-085-1326) is presented in the structure of the samples.
In addition to cubic structure cuprous oxide (Cu2O) (JCPDS card No. 01-075-1531), the monoclinic structure cupric oxide (CuO) (JCPDS card No. 01-080-1268) is presented in the spectrum.
POCU/993/6/13/153437; and by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS‐UEFISCDI, project number PN‐III‐P1‐1.1‐TE‐2021‐0963, within PNCDI III, with contract number TE13/2022 (DD‐CyT).

The structure was confirmed by comparison with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS) Card file No.005-0661 [13, 14].
Multi-phase of monoclinic structure of copper oxide (CuO) and monoclinic structure of copper nitrate hydroxide (Cu2(OH)3NO3), Figure1 (a, b), were obtained and corresponded with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) Card file No.005-0661 [13, 14] and Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) Card file No.015-0014 [15, 16], respectively.
A single phase of monoclinic structure of CuO microparticle (Figure1 (c, d)) was obtained without calcination steps and corresponded with JCPDS Card file No.005-0661 (space group P4/nm, a = 4.68 Å, b = 3.42 Å and c = 5.12 Å) [13, 14].
Powder Diffraction File, Card No.005-0661, Swarthmore, PA
Powder Diffraction File, Card No.015-0014, Swarthmore, PA

It shows that undoped MoO3 mainly exists as MoO3 in orthorhombic structure (JCPDS card no. 05-0508).
However, minimal change was observed on XRD patterns with respect to the display orthorhombic structure of silver molybdenum oxide, Ag2Mo2O7 (JCPDS card no. 75-1505) which proved that the impregnation of silver on the MoO3 was indeed successful.
However, the appeared of intermediate phases Mo4O11 peaks (JCPDS card no. 84-0687) in XRD patterns revealed the reduction process were started.
Meanwhile, for Ag/MoO3 catalyst, few peaks of Ag2O (JCPDS card no. 41-1104) observed that exhibit the Ag2Mo2O7 alloy were reduced and dissociated to Mo4O11 and Ag2O.
Besides, after 30 minutes hold at 700 °C, Ag peaks (JCPDS card no. 65-2871) were also observed that indicate the Ag2O phase were further reduced to Ag.

However, the Rare-Earth (RE) resource of china is declining sharply due to RE consumption of our domestic continues to increase, a large number of cheap exports as well as long-term predatory exploitation[1,2].
The diffraction peaks agree with those of (Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3 (PDF card 25-1011, JCPDS), BaMgAl10O17 (PDF card 26-0163, JCPDS) and Ce0.67Tb0.33MgAl11O19 (PDF card 36-0073, JCPDS).
It shows that the composition of the insoluble water immersion was mainly Y(OH)3 (PDF card 21-1447, JCPDS) and Tb(OH)3 (PDF card 19-1325, JCPDS).

The results show that the diffraction peaks of samples all match well with that of Li2CaSiO4 [JCPDS NO. 27-0290].
All of the diffraction peaks are in accord with Li2CaSiO4 [JCPDS NO. 27-0290] and agree well with the reference.
When we carefully compare the diffraction peaks of our samples with that of Li2CaSiO4, another phenomenon worth being mentioned here is that all the Bragg reflections of Li2Ca1-xSiO4:xEu3+ slightly and synchronously move to higher angles relative to that of standard JCPDS card.
As shown in Fig. 2, the diffraction peaks of the two samples of all match well with that of Li2CaSiO4 [JCPDS NO. 27-0290] and the XRD pattern of Li2Ca0.995SiO4:0.01Sm3+ transferred to higher angles relative to that of standard JCPDS card.
[Project Number: 2013FZ0065 and 2014GZX0006].

The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1000°C and for DHA-CIG10 wt% 1000°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and hydroxyapatite (JCPDS card number: 98-005-2691).
This tricalcium bis (orthophosphate)(JCPDS card number 98-008-2984) was also found by Gunduz et al. as minor phases with chemical agitation method (at 400 and 800°C heat application) from sea snail shells (Atlantic Cowrie - Cypraea cervus Linnaeus) [11].
At DHA-CIG10% 1000°C a minor phase seen, which is named as tobermorite is real interesting (JCPDS card number: 980065039).
The major pics for DHA-CIG 5 wt% 1300°C and for DHA-CIG 10 wt% 1300°C are tricalciumphosphate (JCPDS card number: 98-008-2984) and disosium hexabarium disilicate (bis (orthosilicate) (JCPDS card number: 980020641).

Furthermore, the preferred orientation of the atomic planes was determined by texture coefficient (TC) [18]: (8) where Ihkl is the measured integrated intensity, Io,hkl is the relative integrated intensity from the JCPDS card, and n is the number of diffraction peaks.
If all (hkl) planes have TC ≈ 1, the atomic planes are randomly oriented similar to the ZnO from JCPDS card.
Obviously, the positions of the XRD peaks were correspond to the peak positions of ZnO (JCPDS card no. 36-1451) and Fe from the substrate (JCPDS card no. 6-696).
In addition, the calculated lattice constants (a and c) of ZnO were shown on Table 2, and were in consistent with the lattice constants of ZnO from JCPDS card no. 36-1451.
Moreover, those values approach the c/a ratio, bond length, and bond angles of bulk ZnO from JCPDS card no. 36-1451.

A great number of tungsten oxide nanomaterials have been synthesized previously.
All the diffraction peaks in Figure 1a can be readily indexed to orthorhombic H2WO4 (JCPDS Card No. 84-0886).
All of the peaks of the XRD pattern in Figure 1b can be indexed to a mixed phase of orthorhombic H2WO4 (JCPDS Card No. 84-0886) and monoclinic WO3 (JCPDS Card No. 83-0951).
Figure 1c,d shows the XRD patterns of the as-synthesized samples at 150 and 170°C, all the reflection peaks can be readily indexed to monoclinic WO3 (JCPDS Card No. 83-0951).

Fig. 1 SEM micrographs of the as-formed SiO2 particles (a) and SiO2@ Y2O3:Tb3+ core-shell particles (b), TEM image of SiO2@Y2O3:Tb3+ core-shell particles (c), X-ray diffraction patterns (d) for the SiO2, SiO2@Y2O3:Tb3+ core-shell particles annealed at 700 oC and the JCPDS card (No.88-1040) forY2O3.
Fig. 1d shows the XRD patterns of the as-formed SiO2, the 700 oC annealed SiO2@Y2O3:Tb3+ sample and JCPDS Card 88 - 1040 data for Y2O3 as a comparison.
For the SiO2@Y2O3: Tb3+ sample annealed at 700 oC, an intense diffraction peak at 2θ = 29.2 o (222) and other weak diffraction peaks at 2θ ≈ 20.5o (211), 28.5o (400), 39.9o (332), 43.5o (134), 48.5o (440), 53.2o (611) and 57.3o (622) are present, all of which can be well indexed to the JCPDS Card 88 - 1040 for Y2O3.
The broad band peaking at 2θ = 22 o is from the amorphous SiO2 cores (JCPDS 29-0085).
The PL intensity (Fig. 3a) of Tb3+ increases with the increase of the coating number.

The structural properties were analysed via x-ray diffraction and diffraction peaks were compared with the standard JCPDS (card no. 79-2240) pattern.
Therefore, NBM host matrix holds great competence to incorporate lanthanide ion in a very small quantity at the place of Bi3+ ion due to similar ionic radii, charge and coordination number of lanthanide ions [8].
It is witnessed from the diffraction plot that peaks are perfectly matched that peaks are perfectly matched with the standard JCPDS (Card no. 79-2240) pattern.
Also, the well matching peaks with the standard JCPDS (Card no. 79-2240) pattern.
Pure tetragonal scheelite structure has been obtained and confirmed phase purity by comparing the diffraction pattern with the standard JCPDS (card no. 79-2240) pattern.