Search results

The thin film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films..
X-ray diffraction studies were undertaken in an attempt to determine the phases present, and perhaps an estimate of grain size from line broadening.

The common point of experiment conditions of lower left corner, selected case number 1 to 9, is purity of copper 4N.
Macro and microstructures were sound structure with few impurities on and/or inner grain boundaries.
Figure 4 shows electrical resistivity vs Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Figures 5 and 6 indicate the oxygen content and total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 5 10 15 20 25 Oxygen Content (ppm) Selected Case Number 5 ppm Raw Material Figure 5: Oxygen content of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 ppm Total Impurities (ppm) Selected Case Number Raw Material Figure 6: Total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 4.

A combination of difficulties arising both from the mathematical and the material side restricted the number of available user-friendly models and their applicability to specific alloys or process conditions.
The surface of aluminized samples revealed grain boundaries in relief with respect to the grain interior, as typically found in low-Al activity aluminized parts, where during the process external Al-Ni layer forms and outward diffusion of Ni prevails [10].

And magnesium ferrites (Fig. 2a) and copper (Fig. 2d) had a finer grain size and lower porosity.
The SEM image of zinc ferrite (Fig. 2e) showed the same grain size and good porosity compared to other ferrites.
Cobalt ferrite and zinc ferrite had more crystalline grains and high porosity (Fig. 2b, d), showing a higher sensitivity coefficient.
In structures containing iron cations surrounded by anions - weak field ligands, such as O2 - iron cations are usually in a high-spin state and include the maximum possible number of unpaired d-electrons.
For the Fe2+ (3d6) ion in the high-spin state, their number will be four (S = 2).

Despite their use in research applications, only a limited number of authors have conducted tests to assess the mechanical qualities of PLA printed specimens produced on FDM [35].
Where, n is the atoms number per unit cell, M is the atomic mass, N is the Avogadro’s number, V is the unit cell volume.
The Experimental density (ρex) of the synthesized materials is measured by using the Archimedes principle: = Dry Weight x the liquid Density/(Dry Weight-Suspended Weight) The synthesized materials' relative density (RD) is estimated by dividing their experimental density by their theoretical density using the following relation, The average grain size values of all samples are rather similar and the grain size distribution shows a monomodal normal distribution.
However, a slight narrow grain size distribution is noted for a ceramic containing a higher amount of copper.

This observation can be attributed to the presence of Sn in the alloy particularly at the grain boundaries due to the fact that the solid solubility of Sn in Al matrix is below 0.09 wt.% at room temperature [16].
Therefore, more Sn will be distributed at the grain boundaries, forming a heterogeneous oxide layer with different electrical properties and at the same time, playing a role to enhance the adsorption process of chloride ions at more electronegative potential leading to the dissolution of the alloy [17].
Moreover, as the immersion time increases, the OCP values for Al-Zn-Sn recorded a stable value which can be ascribed from more local breakdown of passive film generated at grain boundaries, making the alloy more susceptible to attacks by or interactions with aggressive chloride ions.
There are a number of possible causes to the presence of an inductive loop for this type of sample.
ZCPE = 1/[Y0(jω)n] (1) Where j is the imaginary number, j = (-1)1/2, ω (=2πf) is the angular frequency [37, 38].

In many cases too low loads on the grits result in flattened grains which have no ability to penetrate into the workpiece surface and to generate chips.
The engagement frequency causes a forced vibration depending on the peripheral speed and the number of teeth.
To be able to determine the load of different grinding operations on the single diamond grain a model of the chip formation process was generated.
Usually low feed rates induce a small chip thickness at the grit generating a huge number of flat diamonds.
Especially the huge number of flat diamonds for a feed rate of 2 and 20 m/min is responsible for high forces during the process.

Diverse-grained information such as the abstract, description, interface, packages have been put forward on basis of resource virtualization technology of manufacturing grid in order to implement resource virtualization.
And essential attribute includes mark number, name, supplier, model, category and so on; Performance properties is a description of resource performance parameters and different types of resources have different performance; And it also has resource trading mode, cost attribute and some outward appearance size and so on.

The results showed that the powders and ceramics prepared by the solid state reactions at room temperature exhibit a good electrical property because of narrow grain size distribution, controlled morphology, and high purity.
They not only change the total number of electrons potentially available for conduction, but also the proportion of these actually taking part at any given temperature, by altering the activation energy of the “hopping” mechanism.

Low threshold make mining grain size small, but increase working time.
So, the system can customize topic grain size based on users’ demand.
The measure needs to calculate the total number of documents, doc number of each cluster and doc number of a cluster after deleting all documents of selected clusters.
Calculating these numbers seems very complicated.
S is total number of selected words.