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Online since: September 2012
Authors: Zhen Hong Jia, Li Li Gao, Xi Zhong Qin, Xiao Hui Huang, Yong Bo Yao
Nondestructive techniques such as those based on dielectric properties have been associated with some specific applications [1].These have included the determination of moisture content in grain [2]; classification of mango quality [3]and fruit maturity analysis [4].
One of the most attractive features of the new algorithm is the reduced number of control parameters.
(3) where M is the number of particle, pi is the local best position of particle i.
Where termination condition is denoted by maximum iteration number or evaluation value is less than allowable error.
Maximum iteration number is 1000.The least square method to determine the radial basis function neural network output weights and rival penalized competitive learning [12]method to determine the number of hidden nodes.
One of the most attractive features of the new algorithm is the reduced number of control parameters.
(3) where M is the number of particle, pi is the local best position of particle i.
Where termination condition is denoted by maximum iteration number or evaluation value is less than allowable error.
Maximum iteration number is 1000.The least square method to determine the radial basis function neural network output weights and rival penalized competitive learning [12]method to determine the number of hidden nodes.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Gang Wang, Yi Zhang, Ping Rong Lin
.
== (1)
In order to express the satisfaction of integration test coverage after number test case is executed, the satisfaction of integration test coverage is designated as Eq. (2):
(2)
And,is the expected value number of test coverage for moduleafter number test case is executed.
At present, the usual method to measure the test efficiency is to detect the number of flaws.
We can combine the average rate of growth with the increased number of flaws to measure the test efficiency, and it can be expressed by a pair value, just as Eq.(3): (3) Here, is the average growth rate of a number of m test coverage, that is: (4) refers to the time used to execute a continuous test cases from executing number test case; and is the test coverage variation of number used to execute a continuous test case from executing number test case.is the increased number of detected flaws during executing a continuous test cases: (5) Step 2: Decide the ideal modifying act -- for test utility.
In the state and the number of test coverage decision after state as the ratio of the number of.
Researches will be conducted to deal with the testing coverage metrics, to increase the comprehensive test more fine-grained coverage decision attribute, to further improve the decision support rationality, safety, and to provide scientific guidance for the testing process.
At present, the usual method to measure the test efficiency is to detect the number of flaws.
We can combine the average rate of growth with the increased number of flaws to measure the test efficiency, and it can be expressed by a pair value, just as Eq.(3): (3) Here, is the average growth rate of a number of m test coverage, that is: (4) refers to the time used to execute a continuous test cases from executing number test case; and is the test coverage variation of number used to execute a continuous test case from executing number test case.is the increased number of detected flaws during executing a continuous test cases: (5) Step 2: Decide the ideal modifying act -- for test utility.
In the state and the number of test coverage decision after state as the ratio of the number of.
Researches will be conducted to deal with the testing coverage metrics, to increase the comprehensive test more fine-grained coverage decision attribute, to further improve the decision support rationality, safety, and to provide scientific guidance for the testing process.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: An Ping Xiong, Xin Xin He
However, at present efficient and fine-grained access control can not be achieved.
The algorithm first randomly selects random number r1∈Zp, then selects random number rj∈Zp for each attribute j∈U, and finally output the first part of private key of user SK1= D1=g(α1+r1)/β1 ,∀j∈U :Dj(1)=gr1Tjrj,Dj(2)=grj. 3) KenGen2(MK2,IDk).
The algorithm first randomly selects random number r2∈Zp, then selects random number rk∈Zp for each user identity idk , and finally output the second part of private key of user SK2= D2=g(α2+r2)/β2 ,Dk(1)=gr2Tkrk,Dk(2)=grk.
When re-encrypt key ciphertext Ck, the root node of access structure tree secret number must be updated.
Therefore, the consuming time of DO is almost irrelevant with the number of users and the number of access structures leaf nodes (the larger the number of access structures leaf nodes is, the more complicated the access control strategies are).
The algorithm first randomly selects random number r1∈Zp, then selects random number rj∈Zp for each attribute j∈U, and finally output the first part of private key of user SK1= D1=g(α1+r1)/β1 ,∀j∈U :Dj(1)=gr1Tjrj,Dj(2)=grj. 3) KenGen2(MK2,IDk).
The algorithm first randomly selects random number r2∈Zp, then selects random number rk∈Zp for each user identity idk , and finally output the second part of private key of user SK2= D2=g(α2+r2)/β2 ,Dk(1)=gr2Tkrk,Dk(2)=grk.
When re-encrypt key ciphertext Ck, the root node of access structure tree secret number must be updated.
Therefore, the consuming time of DO is almost irrelevant with the number of users and the number of access structures leaf nodes (the larger the number of access structures leaf nodes is, the more complicated the access control strategies are).
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Jung Il Lee, Hyung Ho Jo, Hoon Cho, Han Shin Choi, Joo Ho Lee, Skae K. Kim, Seung Hwan Park, Hyuk Chon Kwon, Jung Eui Hong
The common point of experiment
conditions of lower left corner, selected case number 1 to 9, is purity of copper 4N.
Macro and microstructures were sound structure with few impurities on and/or inner grain boundaries.
Figure 4 shows electrical resistivity vs Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Figures 5 and 6 indicate the oxygen content and total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 5 10 15 20 25 Oxygen Content (ppm) Selected Case Number 5 ppm Raw Material Figure 5: Oxygen content of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 ppm Total Impurities (ppm) Selected Case Number Raw Material Figure 6: Total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 4.
Macro and microstructures were sound structure with few impurities on and/or inner grain boundaries.
Figure 4 shows electrical resistivity vs Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Figures 5 and 6 indicate the oxygen content and total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper.
Vickers hardness of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 5 10 15 20 25 Oxygen Content (ppm) Selected Case Number 5 ppm Raw Material Figure 5: Oxygen content of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 0123456789 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 ppm Total Impurities (ppm) Selected Case Number Raw Material Figure 6: Total impurities of the selected case number from 1 to 9 OFHC copper. 4.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Mohannad Naeem Houshi
As a result of orbital relative motion between pad and wafer, the reaction layer of slurry with the workpiece will be mechanically removed by abrasive grains.
It includes two types: unbounded particles which are made by mechanical mixing and bounded grains which are produced by a sintering operation.
Also, smaller size of abrasive grains within unbonded magnetic abrasives results in lower final surface roughness.
This mixture led to homogeneity of ferromagnetic particles with abrasive grains and facilitated substitution of old abrasive particles with other new abrasive particles easily.
Additionally, long machining time, high-hardness abrasive, small mesh number of SG, and high concentration of SG contributed to an excellent surface roughness in this study.
It includes two types: unbounded particles which are made by mechanical mixing and bounded grains which are produced by a sintering operation.
Also, smaller size of abrasive grains within unbonded magnetic abrasives results in lower final surface roughness.
This mixture led to homogeneity of ferromagnetic particles with abrasive grains and facilitated substitution of old abrasive particles with other new abrasive particles easily.
Additionally, long machining time, high-hardness abrasive, small mesh number of SG, and high concentration of SG contributed to an excellent surface roughness in this study.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Juan Yan Guo, Xian Jun Lin, Liang Bo Ding, Zhi Ming Liu
In the next decades, a significant number of new power plants would be constructed in China, it would be a good opportunity for promoting international collaboration and material R&D for SCWR.
Commercial stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, and improved stainless steels such as fine grain stainless steels and over size element added stainless steels were chosen as test materials for neutron irradiation tests.
According to the Medium and Long Term Development Plan for Nuclear Power in China, in the next decade, a significant number of new nuclear power plants will be constructed in China.
Commercial stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, and improved stainless steels such as fine grain stainless steels and over size element added stainless steels were chosen as test materials for neutron irradiation tests.
According to the Medium and Long Term Development Plan for Nuclear Power in China, in the next decade, a significant number of new nuclear power plants will be constructed in China.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Benedetto Bozzini, Ivonne Sgura, Deborah Lacitignola, Claudio Mele, Mariapia Marchitto, Antonio Ciliberto
As the Mn contents in the Zn-Mn alloys increases, the grain size of the surface
coatings increases and the colour of the Mn coatings changes from a bright and mirror-like silver
shine to dark black, but reflective, and consisting mainly of spherical grains [13, 16].
In the deposition of single-phase fcc Al-Mn alloys, increasing Mn content up to 7.5 % leads to a decrease in grain size; Mn contents higher than ca. 10% give rise to the formation of amorphous deposits [14].
The morphological quality of the deposits seems to be correlated with the number of chelating moieties present in the additive: globular deposits with hydrogen-related holes are found with Titriplex-I, closer-packed globuli with EDTA and separate, tinier, pyramidal crystallites tend to form in the presence of DTPA.
COMSOL Simulations: Case i) for d ≥ d* , for example d=40, and ν ∈ I, spotty patterns still arise, but for increasing values of ν the number of spots increases and they become larger and higher, see Fig. 6 and 7.
The Mn electrodeposition experiments reported in this paper - apart from validating our extended mathematical model - have achieved two major metal plating results in their own right: (i) we have shown that chelating agents can play a vital role in the electrodeposition of compact Mn films - though not smooth enough for aeronautic applications - from aqueous solutions with a relatively high cathodic efficiency, their effectiveness seems to correlate positively with the number of chelating moieties present in the molecule; (ii) notably smooth, compact, γ-phase Mn layers can be plated with cathodic efficiencies in excess of 90% from eutectic ionic liquid electrolytes; these layer exhibit both a corrosion performance and a surface finish that can be regarded as adequate for the aeronautic industry.
In the deposition of single-phase fcc Al-Mn alloys, increasing Mn content up to 7.5 % leads to a decrease in grain size; Mn contents higher than ca. 10% give rise to the formation of amorphous deposits [14].
The morphological quality of the deposits seems to be correlated with the number of chelating moieties present in the additive: globular deposits with hydrogen-related holes are found with Titriplex-I, closer-packed globuli with EDTA and separate, tinier, pyramidal crystallites tend to form in the presence of DTPA.
COMSOL Simulations: Case i) for d ≥ d* , for example d=40, and ν ∈ I, spotty patterns still arise, but for increasing values of ν the number of spots increases and they become larger and higher, see Fig. 6 and 7.
The Mn electrodeposition experiments reported in this paper - apart from validating our extended mathematical model - have achieved two major metal plating results in their own right: (i) we have shown that chelating agents can play a vital role in the electrodeposition of compact Mn films - though not smooth enough for aeronautic applications - from aqueous solutions with a relatively high cathodic efficiency, their effectiveness seems to correlate positively with the number of chelating moieties present in the molecule; (ii) notably smooth, compact, γ-phase Mn layers can be plated with cathodic efficiencies in excess of 90% from eutectic ionic liquid electrolytes; these layer exhibit both a corrosion performance and a surface finish that can be regarded as adequate for the aeronautic industry.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Jian Han, Dan Luo
The round bamboo,treated with ACQ-B,was cut into the circle test-pieces, and
Tab.1 Orthogonal test plan
Test number
Factors
Concentration of ACQ-B (%)
Forcing time (h)
Temperature of ACQ-B (℃)
Pressure (MPa)
1#
0.4
15
25
0.08
2#
0.4
10
45
0.16
3#
0.4
15
65
0.24
4#
1.0
5
45
0.24
5#
1.0
10
65
0.08
6#
1.0
15
25
0.16
7#
1.6
5
65
0.16
8#
1.6
10
25
0.24
9#
1.6
15
45
0.08
the experiment was processed on GBT 18261-2000.
The weight gain rates of the bamboo test-pieces treated with ACQ-B, corresponding each test number, were given in Tab.2.
Tab.2 Mean weight gain rates of bamboo test-pieces treated Test number 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 9# Weight gain rate (%) 25.6 54.0 73.3 55.7 51.4 63.9 47.0 60.9 52.5 It is seen in Tab.2 that the mean weight gain rates of the bamboo test-pieces are 3#﹥6#﹥8#﹥4#﹥2#﹥9#﹥5#﹥7#﹥1#.
Conclutions In bamboo test-pieces, the mean weight grain ratio of 3# is largest, 1# is least,others are between they two.
The weight gain rates of the bamboo test-pieces treated with ACQ-B, corresponding each test number, were given in Tab.2.
Tab.2 Mean weight gain rates of bamboo test-pieces treated Test number 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 9# Weight gain rate (%) 25.6 54.0 73.3 55.7 51.4 63.9 47.0 60.9 52.5 It is seen in Tab.2 that the mean weight gain rates of the bamboo test-pieces are 3#﹥6#﹥8#﹥4#﹥2#﹥9#﹥5#﹥7#﹥1#.
Conclutions In bamboo test-pieces, the mean weight grain ratio of 3# is largest, 1# is least,others are between they two.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Zbigniew L. Kowalewski, Tadeusz Szymczak
Microscopic observations of the material exhibited the same structure of the steel in both perpendicular directions (longitudinal and transversal), i.e. ferrite with carbides arranged on borders and inside grains.
Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 denote magnitudes of cyclic strain amplitude: ±0.1%, ±0.2%, ±0.4% and ±0.8%, respectively.
An interesting feature can be observed when hysteresis loops of the same number at each block of cycles are compared, Figs. 3, 4.
(c) Differences in the shape and dimensions of hysteresis loops determined under the same strain amplitude of symmetric and asymmetric step-increasing torsion cycles were vanished with an increase of the shear strain amplitude and number of cycles as well.
Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 denote magnitudes of cyclic strain amplitude: ±0.1%, ±0.2%, ±0.4% and ±0.8%, respectively.
An interesting feature can be observed when hysteresis loops of the same number at each block of cycles are compared, Figs. 3, 4.
(c) Differences in the shape and dimensions of hysteresis loops determined under the same strain amplitude of symmetric and asymmetric step-increasing torsion cycles were vanished with an increase of the shear strain amplitude and number of cycles as well.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Ling Li, Qi Hong Wei, Chong Hai Wang, Hong Sheng Wang, Jian Liu, Rong Liao
Furthermore, due to the rough surface of porous ceramics,and a large number of micro-cracks exit, the bending strength drop dramatically because of stress concentration[1].So sduty on sealing coating of porous silicon nitride surface has important application value.Sealing coating can prevent the decreace of the dielectric properties because of absorption of moisture,at the same time it also can improve the mechanical properties and resistance ability.So the preparation of dence and high temperature resistance coating on porous silicon nitride surface,which form the composite structure of low density core body and high density surface,has become an important research direction.The composite structure not only has excellent dielectric performance,but also has enough mechanical properties,heat resistance and rain erosion performance,which is considered the most promising wave-transparent material.In this paper,hole sealing coating on porous silicon nitride surface were studied with sol-gel
When the temerature was 1200ºC, coating was still not fully vitrified,a fewl pores still existed among Si3N4 particles.When the temperature was 1250ºC, the formed eutectic filled among Si3N4 particles,and the dense coating was obtained.So pores of porous Si3N4 surface was fully filled, and surface roughness decreased significantly, and no crack existed.And columnar crystal separated out on the coating surface at 1250ºC.When the temperature was 1300ºC, columnar crystal grains were fused to the glass phase,and glass phase content rised.The result was that dielectric constant rised,and heat resistance decreased.
Figure 1.Surface micromorphologies of sealing coating on the surface of porous Si3N4 samples sintered at different temperatures Figure 2 .Surface micromorphologies of porous Si3N4 substrate Figure 3 .Section micromorphology of porous Si3N4 substrate after sealing sintered at 1250 ºC Table 1 Changes of water absorption, apparent porosity and density before and after sealing Serial Number Water Absorption/% before/after Sealing Apparent Porosity/% before/after Sealing Density/ g/cm3 before/after Sealing Variation rate of Water Absorption/% Variation Rate of Apparent Porosity/% 1 45.05/1.56 58.57/2.06 1.30/1.32 -96.54 -96.48 2 37.16/1.29 52.77/1.84 1.42/1.43 -96.53 -96.51 3 45.06/2.65 58.13/3.47 1.29/1.31 -94.12 -94.03 4 41.58/2.60 56.13/3.56 1.35/1.37 -93.73 -93.66 5 36.76/1.20 52.58/1.74 1.43/1.45 -96.74 -96.69 Surface micromorphologies of porous Si3N4 substrate before and after sealing.
Table 2 Changes of bending strength befor and after sealing Serial Number substrate Porosity/% bending strength/MPa befor and after sealing Variation/% 1 44.34 98.5/106.59 8.21 2 48.13 85.8/93.63 9.13 3 55.46 60.9/70.38 15.56 4 58.57 57.8/64.93 12.34 5 62.77 52.3/60.10 14.92 Conclusion Damp-proof and enhanced sealing coating was fabricated on the porous Si3N4 substrate by sol-gel method, with Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 as the basic materials.
When the temerature was 1200ºC, coating was still not fully vitrified,a fewl pores still existed among Si3N4 particles.When the temperature was 1250ºC, the formed eutectic filled among Si3N4 particles,and the dense coating was obtained.So pores of porous Si3N4 surface was fully filled, and surface roughness decreased significantly, and no crack existed.And columnar crystal separated out on the coating surface at 1250ºC.When the temperature was 1300ºC, columnar crystal grains were fused to the glass phase,and glass phase content rised.The result was that dielectric constant rised,and heat resistance decreased.
Figure 1.Surface micromorphologies of sealing coating on the surface of porous Si3N4 samples sintered at different temperatures Figure 2 .Surface micromorphologies of porous Si3N4 substrate Figure 3 .Section micromorphology of porous Si3N4 substrate after sealing sintered at 1250 ºC Table 1 Changes of water absorption, apparent porosity and density before and after sealing Serial Number Water Absorption/% before/after Sealing Apparent Porosity/% before/after Sealing Density/ g/cm3 before/after Sealing Variation rate of Water Absorption/% Variation Rate of Apparent Porosity/% 1 45.05/1.56 58.57/2.06 1.30/1.32 -96.54 -96.48 2 37.16/1.29 52.77/1.84 1.42/1.43 -96.53 -96.51 3 45.06/2.65 58.13/3.47 1.29/1.31 -94.12 -94.03 4 41.58/2.60 56.13/3.56 1.35/1.37 -93.73 -93.66 5 36.76/1.20 52.58/1.74 1.43/1.45 -96.74 -96.69 Surface micromorphologies of porous Si3N4 substrate before and after sealing.
Table 2 Changes of bending strength befor and after sealing Serial Number substrate Porosity/% bending strength/MPa befor and after sealing Variation/% 1 44.34 98.5/106.59 8.21 2 48.13 85.8/93.63 9.13 3 55.46 60.9/70.38 15.56 4 58.57 57.8/64.93 12.34 5 62.77 52.3/60.10 14.92 Conclusion Damp-proof and enhanced sealing coating was fabricated on the porous Si3N4 substrate by sol-gel method, with Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 as the basic materials.