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By the way of computer simulation, the macro mechanical properties can be combined with the micro-crack damage.
Numerical methods and model The MFPA2D system used in the test, takes into account the non-homogeneous properties of concrete materials.
MFPA2D uses the Weibull distribution to describe the mechanical properties of the discrete and use the finite element method to calculate the sample in the post-processing part of the numerical calculation, which can calculate the stress field and displacement field, load - displacement curve, AE distribution and sample In the course of the entire fracture failure mode.
When the stress intensity factor is equal to the critical value of the crack unstable propagation, the cracks spread.
(3) The ligament length and model dimension affected the size effect.

Academichesky 2/4, Tomsk, Russia anev@ispms.tsc.ru, bgrabg@ispms.tsc.ru, cikv@ispms.tsc.ru Key words: nanostructured materials, grain boundaries, mechanical properties, creep, deformation mechanisms, grain boundary sliding.
Introduction The mechanical properties of metal polycrystals can be effectively enhanced at homologous temperatures Т<0.4Тm due to the formation of nanostructure with grain size <1 μm [1, 2].
Mechanical properties of metals in NS and CG states at room temperature.
The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of NS materials processed by SPD were investigated [1,2,39]; the effect of pre-recrystallization annealing, which causes no change in the grain size, was studied for these materials.
Naidenkin: Grain boundary diffusion and properties of nanostructured materials (Nauka, Russia 2001).

Funazuka3 1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Japan, e-mail: takatsuji@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, USA, e-mail: dohda.kuni@northwestern.edu 3 Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education., University of Toyama, Japan, e-mail: m1371222@ems.u-toyama.ac.jp Keywords: micro-extrusion, tribology, die angle, lubricants Abstract.
Friction is one of the predominant factors exercising strong effects in micro-forming.
Crystal organization of materials, lubricants and die coatings are important factors that exert strong influences on material frictional behavior.
Fig.1 Micro-extrusion experimental setup Fig.2 Microstructures of the billets Condition (1) Condition (2) Extrusion temperature:723K Condition (3) Extrusion temperature:753K Fig.3 Hardness values of the billets at different conditions Table.1 Work-hardening and plastic coefficients Fig.4 Digital micrographs of the dies having different angles Table 2 Lubricants properties Lubricant types used in the micro-extrusion experiments are tabulated in Table.2.
As a result, the kinematic viscosity of lubricants affected the extrusion force.

Limited energy in the binding force is going to be a major element that measures and constrains the properties of routing protocol. 1.
Thus, PathProfit and RelayProfit are going to affect the time of calculation compensation.
Analysis of Property To comprehensively evaluate above routing protocols, 50 sensor nodes are distributed averagely in a 100 meter*100 meters area to conduct random topology test.
Sensing distance of the node is r=20, τ=0.001s, N=2, and given transmission power is Pt, Receiving Power (4) Graph 2 d stands for the distance between receivers, and antenna gain Gt=Gr=1, antenna height Ht=Hr=1m, functional factor L=1, and path loss n=4.
And compensation factors are defined and simulation and comparison are conducted to prove the effectiveness of this protocol in saving energy.

In order to achieve the best and the quickest solution, the proposed approach was utilised to identify and manipulate the main influences and interactions between design parameters and uncertainties affecting objectives.
For each of the components, a thickness of the component and Young’s Modulus, as the material defining property are used as the input parameters.
This value was expected to be lower than the efficiency factor of 2.7 calculated earlier because the time improvement factor was related to the non-dominated solutions only, whereas the efficiency factor was related to all generated solutions.
Dixon, A review of research in mechanical engineering design.
Dixon, A review of research in mechanical engineering design.

An indentation test is one of the most commonly used experimental techniques to measure the mechanical properties of small-sized components.
These results show us that any appropriate friction coefficient may be used when modelling indentation of single crystal copper without affecting the overall force-displacement response significantly. 5.
Suresh, Determination of elasto-plastic properties by instrumented sharp indentation, Scr.
Komanduri, Combined numerical simulation and nanoindentation for determining mechanical properties of single crystal copper at mesoscale, J.
Chen, Determining plastic properties of a material with residual stress by using conical indentation, Int.

Chemical composition and environment of seawater are complex, so there are many factors leading to corrosion of metal hull.
The former is a body centered cubic lattice pure iron, and the latter is a kind of iron-carbon compounds whose electrochemical properties are similar to graphite.
In the Marine environment, there are all kinds of variable factors outside, for example change of temperature, the flow rate of seawater and the pressure of seawater.
These factors will accelerate the chemical corrosion and electrochemistry corrosion of metal in the seawater, increasing the degree of metal corrosion.
So we must take enough consideration to these areas when we research on metal corrosion in seawater factors.

However, superabsorbent polymers from synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylate and polyacrylamide, which possessed excellent water absorbing properties, were too fragile to use in many fields.
Factors influencing water absorbency of the superabsorbent membranes were studied, such as weight ratio of KPS, PVA and AM to (AA+AM), neutralization degree of AA, cross-linker content and heat-treatment conditions.
So the excellent absorbency and mechanical strength could be both obtained when the weight ratio of PVA to (AA+ AM) was 15%.
Liu, Synthesis and Properties of N-Maleyl Chitosan-Cross-Linked Poly (Acrylic Acid-co-Acrylamide) Superabsorbents, Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 19 (2011) 926-934
Superabsorbent hydrogels from poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) grafted chitosan with salt-and pH-responsiveness properties, European Polymer Journal, 40 (2004) 1399-1407

A Study on The Recognition of Low-Resolution Motion Visual Image Jianchuan Zhang 1,a, Huaibo Song2,b , Xueyong Li1,c , Changhou Lu 1,d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China 2North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China azhangjianchuan@sdu.edu.cn, clxy88@sdu.edu.cn, dluchh@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: Low Resolution Image, Deep Space Objects, Correlation Coefficient, Small Region Template Matching.
Introduction It is a key task for a detection system to accurately detect and track important spatial targets, identify mission, size, shape, orbit parameters and other important target properties of the targets which have potential threats to the aerospace system, and distribute classified data [1].When the spatial target is in the shadow area, its visible light characteristics are obvious.
Fig. 4 Image gradient map after Line segmentation Fig. 5 Columns variance curve of row gradient image From Fig. 4, it is difficult to find a suitable dividing line to perform target image segmentation because there are a lot of confounding factors in the right of space target due to noise.
The noise shows strong variation in Fig.5 and seriously affecting the target segmentation, especially in the case of adhesion with the target noise.
With the target at specific environmental conditions and other factors change, the target image size, location, direction and shape will change, the paper proposed an effective small area matching method to solve this problem.

Introduction As the vertical transportation equipment of high buildings, elevator is generally located in the core area of buildings, so the quantity of the elevators and the determination of the layout of elevators directly affect the architectural design and architectural space organization.
Therefore, properties of elevators are affected by multiple factors, and traffic configuration process can be regarded as a multi-objective optimized problem, which can be solved by multi-objective optimization method [1].
Supposing that the balance coefficient of elevator is (0.4~0.5), the computing time is, the total mechanical transmission efficiency of the elevator is, and then the energy consumption of the elevators in the kth region can be expressed as the following equation:
are learning factors, and they are nonnegative constants. are mutually independent random numbers which belong to[0,1]. .