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Noviyanti1,e 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia a*iman.rahayu@unpad.ac.id (corresponding author), bsuprabawati.anggi@gmail.com, cvinamaudi68@gmail.com, dsahrul.hidayat@phys.unpad.ac.id, eatiek.noviyanti@unpad.ac.id Keywords: carbothermal reduction, electronic conductivity, LiFePO4, sintering temperature.
All samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements to study crystal structure, Scanning Electron Microscope-Dispersive Energy X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to study surface morphology, and four point probes to measure the electrical conductivity.
Whereas Li3Fe2(PO4)3 formed at temperatures of 850 and 900 ℃ was 78.6% and 72.8% had a monoclinic structure.
The sintering temperature of 850oC has a smaller cell unit parameter compared to 900oC, it shows that LiFe0.93Gd0.07PO4/C which is synthesized at 850oC has a denser crystal structure.
Lattice parameter LiFe0.93Gd0.07PO4/C at sintering temperature 850 and 900oC Sample a/nm b/nm c/nm Vnm3 850oC 0.5598 0.8219 0.6010 0.2765 900oC 0.5621 0.8236 0.6010 0.2783 Figure 2 show a morphological structure of LiFe0.93Gd0.07PO4/C synthesized at 850 ℃ sintering temperature, it can be seen that samples, are having irregular shapes and inhomogeneous particle size distribution.

Fig.2 periodic structure model of NC materials Phase mixed model.
The use of phenomenological inter-atomic potentials to model the energetics and dynamics of nano-scale structures lies at the very foundation of the computer-based MD simulations.
Fig.1 three-dimensional composite model of a NC material Table 1 parameters of the potential Metal crystal structure D(ev) r0(Å) α(Å -1) crystal lattice（Å） Fe BCC 0.4172 2.845 1.3890 2.87 The two-dimensional model is shown in Fig 3.
A represents (b) Representative cell Grain 1 Grain 2 crystalline Grain-boundary （a）two-dimensional periodical structure model Fig 3 NC material microstructure sketch map Grain-boundary 0 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 Fig.4. the stress-strain curve for GBs strain stressσ(Mpa) Fig.5.the E-strain curve for GBs of Fe -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 strain Elastic modulus (Gpa) the functionary area of two nanocrystallines. r represents the distance of two nanocrystals. dr0 represents the equilibrium distance.
A., Lange's handbook of chemistry(thirteen edition), New York: Mc Graw-Hill Book, 1985, 3-1 [6] H.S.

(1) Where Hremote describes the influence from remote bands, and Px , Py, Pz are the momentum matrix elements defining the k·p interaction, (2) We further neglect the crystal-field splitting (40 meV for InN) and Hremote (remote bands are at least 4 eV away), and assume an isotropic band structure at small k so that.
The valence band structure of the III–V compounds [J].
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 1962: 23: 1423-1431
Phonon structure of InN grown by atomic layer epitaxy [J].
Electronic structure and effective masses of InN under pressure [J].

Preparation of Pine Char Sulfonic Acids with High Acid Capacity Using Phosphoric Acid as a Dehydration Catalyst Qiong Xu1, Min Zheng2, Dulin Yin1, a 1 The Key Lab of Resources Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2 Hunan First Normol University, Changsha 410205, China aemail: dulinyin@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: solid sulfonic acid; pine; phosphoric acid; catalytic dehydration; esterification Abstract.
In preparation of activated carbon, phosphoric acid was always used as a chemical activator [9, 10].Phosphoric acid catalyzed the dehydration reactions of cellulose to form cyclic structures in low temperature (200–250°C) [9].
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used to identify structure of the obtained pine char before and after sulfonation, figures are not shown here.
A broad, weak diffraction peak at 10-30o [3] in XRD patterns demonstrated these prepared samples possessed amorphous structures, which were similar to the char sulfonic acids prepared by sulfonic acid charring in our laboratory [8].
Peaks of aromatic C=C stretching at 1601 -1450 cm-1 and aromatic C-H vibrations at 800 cm-1[12] were observed in both spectra demonstrating that both samples have aromatic ring structures.

Evaluation of the plasmaless gaseous etching process Yoshiya Hagimoto1, a , Hajime Ugajin 1 , Daisuke Miyakoshi1 , Hayato Iwamoto1 , Yusuke Muraki 2 and Takehiko Orii2 1 Sony Corporation, Asahi-cho, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan 2 Tokyo Electron Kyushu LTD, matsushima-cho, miyagi-gun, miyagi, Japan a Yoshiya.Hagimoto@jp.sony.com Keywords: plasmaless gaseous etching, COR, STI, divot Introduction The precise control of the etching of various films on device surfaces is becoming increasingly important because slight changes in device structures can cause serious deterioration of their electrical properties.
The CVD oxide film has a poor structure, so the wet etch rate of the CVD oxide is greater than that of the thermal oxide.
The first is a chemical treatment chamber in which the substrate is exposed to a gaseous chemistry, such as HF/NH3, under controlled conditions that include surface temperature and gas pressure.
The etching mechanism mentioned earlier can be applicable irrespective of the kinds of oxide; therefore, the etch rate of an oxide with poor structure like that of the CVD oxide is reduced in the COR (Figure 6).
In the wet etching process, on the other hand, by-products of the etching reaction can easily dissolve in chemicals and be removed from the oxide surface, therefore, the etch rates of films with poor structure, such as the CVD oxide, are much larger than that of the thermal oxide.

Biodegradable Oph-POSS/Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposites: Morphology, Thermal Stability and Degradation Property Jie SUN1,a, Qiangqiang ZHAO1,b, Zhengyan CAO1,c, Haining LV2,d, Chengqun WANG3,e and Zaisheng CAI1,3,f * 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechonoly, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R.China 2Dept. of Textile Engineering, College of Material and Textile engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, P.R.China 3Key Laboratory of Science&Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R.China axiareyeluo@mail.dhu.edu.cn, bzhqq8715@mail.dhu.edu.cn, ccaozhengyan1013@163.com, dhaining8047@163.com, ewangchengqun@mail.dhu.edu.cn, fzshcai@dhu.edu.cn Keywords: nanocomposites; polylactic acid; octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes; thermal stability; biodegradation Abstract.The purpose of this work was to produce nanocomposites of polylactic acid with oph-POSS (octaphenyl-Polyhedral Oligomeric
Polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) possessing a compact hybrid structure with an inorganic core made up of silicon and oxygen(SiO1.5)n(n=8,10,12) externally surrounded by nonreactive or reactive polymerizable ligands[3] with a nano-scale three-dimensional structure can be incorporated into polymer matrix to improve thermal and mechanical properties of polymer matrix[4-6].
Chemical structure and TEM morphology of Oph-POSS are shown in Fig.1.
Figure 1 Chemical structure and TEM morphology of oph-POSS.

The γ-phase is a cubic structure and behaves as a p-type semiconductor, whose conductivity depends on the presence of iodine in the stoichiometric excess.
Since there is no catalyst used in this experiment, only CuI particle (spherical) like structure was obtained.
The same structure also obtained by Y.
The reason of this phenomenon is due to defect structure which is fully controlled by the bulk grain electrical properties [14].
Tennakone, Dye-Sensitized Solid-State Solar Cells: Use of Crystal Growth Inhibitors for Deposition of the Hole Collector, Chemistry of Materials 14 (2002) 954-955

The crystalline, morphology, structure, shape and molecule size of precipitated calcium carbonate were directly influenced by the stirring action during the carbonation process.
As depicted in the Fig. 1, SEM images of nano CaCO3 precipitated at different stirring rate varied from 700 to 1200 rpm had shown significant differences in morphology structure influenced by agitation rate, respectively.
Meanwhile, Fig. 1 (c) and (d) showed structured more likely to needlelike-aragonite, and Fig. 1 (e) and (f) were indicating to be spherical-vaterite.
As mentioned earlier, agitation methods and speeds not only influenced the crystal structure and morphology, but also give effect on the distribution and particle size of nano-PCC.
However, improved experimental setup and enhance methods for characterizations mineral surface chemistry needed to be applied.

Shen et al [10] obtained a peak value of 1.2V under the natural frequency of 512Hz, by using a full-bridge rectifier circuit on the structure of compound smart cantilever beam according to d33 mode.
Meanwhile, the rectifier circuit can only be applied to circulate one-way current, which could not be utilized in the smart structure system directly.
Then further study should be on the development of soft-switching technology to improve the stability of the circuit and the robustness of the smart structure system.
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition Conf. (2004), p.1541 [13] Djordje Marinkovic, Alexander Frey, et al.: Procedia Chemistry, Vol.1 (2009), p.1447 [14] Lesieutre G A, Ottman G K, Hofmann H F.: Sound Vib, Vol.269 (2004), p. 991 [15] Lefeuvre E, Badel A, Richard C, et al.: J Intell.
Smart Structures and Materials Conf.

As a first step, we calculate the SOC induced fine structure of the three considered quartet states.
In Fig. 2 we summarize electronic structures and the SOC transition matrix elements between triplets and singlets.
Regarding the fine structure, consistent with group theory no SOC contribution to the fine structure is found for the 3A2 state.
We focused on the contributions to the fine structure as well as the coupling between high and intermediate low spin multiplets.
Modern quantum chemistry: introduction to advanced electronic structure theory.