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Online since: September 2019
Authors: Alexander V. Rogachev, Oleg A. Sarkisov, Alexander A. Rogachev, Petr A. Luchnikov, Inna Plotnikova
Named result agrees well with experimental data obtained for the temperature dependence of the coating molecular mass deposited by the electron-beam dispersion [14, 15].
Besides, this also results in increasing the related lifetime of the fragment in the adsorbed state τа and the reduction of the diffusion factor.
This is why further increment of adsorption energy Е > Е0 is accompanied by the reduction of the growth velocity.
(10) Judging by (10) we can state that the temperature rise and activation degree drop along with the reduction of the diffusion factor leads to the coating growth rate increase.
Besides, this also results in increasing the related lifetime of the fragment in the adsorbed state τа and the reduction of the diffusion factor.
This is why further increment of adsorption energy Е > Е0 is accompanied by the reduction of the growth velocity.
(10) Judging by (10) we can state that the temperature rise and activation degree drop along with the reduction of the diffusion factor leads to the coating growth rate increase.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Jeeng Min Ling, Anh Son Khuong
The real solar radiation/temperature data from the central weather Bureau of Taiwan in 2008 at the three locations [7] have been simulated.
Considerable installed PV and BTY capacity reduction occurs at the increment of LOLH.
Considerable installed PV and BTY capacity reduction occurs when the requirement of system reliability (LOLH) reduction.
Considerable installed PV and BTY capacity reduction occurs at the increment of LOLH.
Considerable installed PV and BTY capacity reduction occurs when the requirement of system reliability (LOLH) reduction.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Nilman D.S. Gomes, A.L. Pontes, L.H. Carvalho, Romulo Charles Nascimento Leite
It is observed that two factors sintering result in a reduction in the flow of water permeated through the membranes: 1) addition of clay to the membrane lining and 2) increasing the time and sintering temperature [17,18].
The largest reduction in permeate flow should be associated with reduced porosity and pore clogging caused by an increased concentration of oil droplets on the membrane/solution (fouling) interface.
Table 2: Quantification of oil (mg/L) of different synthesis conditions of the coated membranes LDPE film with or without organoclay in 30 min and 60 min. 30 [minutes] 60 [minutes] Samples 200-90-0% 62,466 61,395 Quantity of oil (mg/l) 200-90-5% 48,759 48,127 200-120-0% 52,702 50,961 200-120-5% 50,255 43,026 220-90-0% 55,493 43,373 220-90-5% 46,538 46,626 220-120-0% 50,314 49,788 220-120-5% 44,840 38,498 The data indicates that best separation efficiency (lower amounts of permeated oil) were obtained for the 220-120-5% membrane, i.e., that sintered at higher temperatures, for longer time and internally coated with the LDPE/organoclay film.
Conclusions Modifications to the inner walls of UHMWPE membranes by the addition of LDPE with or without organoclay are effective as a reduction in the water flow as well as increased levels of filtration synthetic effluent.
The largest reduction in permeate flow should be associated with reduced porosity and pore clogging caused by an increased concentration of oil droplets on the membrane/solution (fouling) interface.
Table 2: Quantification of oil (mg/L) of different synthesis conditions of the coated membranes LDPE film with or without organoclay in 30 min and 60 min. 30 [minutes] 60 [minutes] Samples 200-90-0% 62,466 61,395 Quantity of oil (mg/l) 200-90-5% 48,759 48,127 200-120-0% 52,702 50,961 200-120-5% 50,255 43,026 220-90-0% 55,493 43,373 220-90-5% 46,538 46,626 220-120-0% 50,314 49,788 220-120-5% 44,840 38,498 The data indicates that best separation efficiency (lower amounts of permeated oil) were obtained for the 220-120-5% membrane, i.e., that sintered at higher temperatures, for longer time and internally coated with the LDPE/organoclay film.
Conclusions Modifications to the inner walls of UHMWPE membranes by the addition of LDPE with or without organoclay are effective as a reduction in the water flow as well as increased levels of filtration synthetic effluent.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Feng Xiang Tang, Yun Zhang, Su Na Lin, Zhong Li Guo
According to the Noyes-Whitney and Ostwald-Freundilich equations, size reduction can afford increased dissolution rate and solubility characteristics [4].
In fact, size reduction is the most common way to achieve the desired dissolution rate and bioavailability.
Among the various size reduction techniques (e.g. high pressure homogenization, milling, spray drying, supercritical fluids technology, etc.), liquid precipitation, including antisolvent precipitation and reactive precipitation, is a more effective method to prepare micro-or nano-sized drug particles due to its easy control of particle size and morphology, and scale-up in pharmaceutical industry [5-7].
In spite of this, the solubility data of GCV, especially those in the mixture of water and ethanol (50:50, V/V), provides a good basis for GCV crystallization.
In fact, size reduction is the most common way to achieve the desired dissolution rate and bioavailability.
Among the various size reduction techniques (e.g. high pressure homogenization, milling, spray drying, supercritical fluids technology, etc.), liquid precipitation, including antisolvent precipitation and reactive precipitation, is a more effective method to prepare micro-or nano-sized drug particles due to its easy control of particle size and morphology, and scale-up in pharmaceutical industry [5-7].
In spite of this, the solubility data of GCV, especially those in the mixture of water and ethanol (50:50, V/V), provides a good basis for GCV crystallization.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Jian Can Yang, Lin Hu, Wen Guan Zhu, Jie Cao
The similar temperature rise is produced by identical electrical energy supply, a similar strength reduction is also observed.
In a word, under a constant power supply (the same resistive heating), a similar strength reduction appears, while the effect of the pulse current parameters on the ductility of tungsten is different.
As is evident from the data, the improvement of ductility during EAF is beyond that which can be explained by Joule heating.
Decreasing the current density and frequency caused an increased reduction in flow stress, while the elongation first increase and then decrease.
In a word, under a constant power supply (the same resistive heating), a similar strength reduction appears, while the effect of the pulse current parameters on the ductility of tungsten is different.
As is evident from the data, the improvement of ductility during EAF is beyond that which can be explained by Joule heating.
Decreasing the current density and frequency caused an increased reduction in flow stress, while the elongation first increase and then decrease.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhi Li Chen, Li An Hou, Zhen Jie Ren, Wen Biao Wang, Chun Long Zhuang
Although it was propitious to operate under higher temperature condition for larger freshwater yield , taking anti-fouling, energy consumption reduction and other factors into consideration, the best actual operating temperature of system was in the range of 70~80 ˚C.
If the operating pressure was less than 16kPa, the vacuum pump would restart frequently and thus increase the electricity consumption; if the operating pressure was higher than 20kPa, the freshwater yield would reduce significantly Figure 3 Effect of the inner pressure of desalination unit on freshwater yield Influence of the device operating temperature on performance coefficient According to the conservation of energy and formula (4-1), the steady-state performance coefficient of device could be calculated by the experimental data.
The reduction of pressure was propitious to evaporation and thus helped improve the system performance coefficient.
Although it was propitious to operate under higher temperature condition for larger freshwater yield , taking anti-fouling, energy consumption reduction and other factors into consideration, the best actual operating temperature of system was in the range of 70~80 ˚C. 4) The operating pressure of device had important influence on the performance coefficient and freshwater yield.
If the operating pressure was less than 16kPa, the vacuum pump would restart frequently and thus increase the electricity consumption; if the operating pressure was higher than 20kPa, the freshwater yield would reduce significantly Figure 3 Effect of the inner pressure of desalination unit on freshwater yield Influence of the device operating temperature on performance coefficient According to the conservation of energy and formula (4-1), the steady-state performance coefficient of device could be calculated by the experimental data.
The reduction of pressure was propitious to evaporation and thus helped improve the system performance coefficient.
Although it was propitious to operate under higher temperature condition for larger freshwater yield , taking anti-fouling, energy consumption reduction and other factors into consideration, the best actual operating temperature of system was in the range of 70~80 ˚C. 4) The operating pressure of device had important influence on the performance coefficient and freshwater yield.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Kip O. Findley, Shane C. Kennett
The larger PAGS conditions have a higher resistance to tempering, i.e. smaller reduction in strength, while the strength of the small PAGS condition is reduced by 46 pct after HTT.
(b) Reduction in FS from the AsQ condtion after tempering versus PAGS.
For the equiaxed PAG conditions in the current study, Vickers microhardness was strongly correlated with 1% FS by: σFS=0.36 H-159 MPa (2) Both the tensile and microhardness data vary in the same manner with PAGS; i.e. strength increases in the AsQ and LTT conditions as PAGS decreases, and strength decreases in the HTT condition as PAGS decreases.
The METT decreases significantly with large reduction in PAGS (Figure 4b).
(b) Reduction in FS from the AsQ condtion after tempering versus PAGS.
For the equiaxed PAG conditions in the current study, Vickers microhardness was strongly correlated with 1% FS by: σFS=0.36 H-159 MPa (2) Both the tensile and microhardness data vary in the same manner with PAGS; i.e. strength increases in the AsQ and LTT conditions as PAGS decreases, and strength decreases in the HTT condition as PAGS decreases.
The METT decreases significantly with large reduction in PAGS (Figure 4b).
Online since: September 2025
Authors: Woongje Sung, Mohamed Torky
This reduction leads to a 29% decrease in active area, with the BV crossover point dropping to around 3.6 kV, assuming the same $1000 fabrication cost, representing a 58% reduction in the crossover compared to Chip #1.
This results in a 73% reduction in the BV crossover compared to Chip #1.
No data denotes no crossover.
This results in a 73% reduction in the BV crossover compared to Chip #1.
No data denotes no crossover.
Online since: October 2016
Authors: L.A. Barrales-Mora, Dmitri A. Molodov, Jann Erik Brandenburg
Data used for the simulations.
For the shrinking embedded grain the solely possible reaction between dislocations, which can results in a reduction of their number, is the annihilation of dislocations with antiparallel Burgers vectors located on opposite sides of the cylindrical grain [29].
Figure 7 shows the typical chain of dislocation reactions resulting in a reduction of the dislocation number in the boundary, as found in the simulations.
A reduction of the number of dislocations composed the investigated 5.5° mixed boundary could be confirmed by simply counting them in the obtained snapshots.
For the shrinking embedded grain the solely possible reaction between dislocations, which can results in a reduction of their number, is the annihilation of dislocations with antiparallel Burgers vectors located on opposite sides of the cylindrical grain [29].
Figure 7 shows the typical chain of dislocation reactions resulting in a reduction of the dislocation number in the boundary, as found in the simulations.
A reduction of the number of dislocations composed the investigated 5.5° mixed boundary could be confirmed by simply counting them in the obtained snapshots.
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Gabriela Maria Atanasiu, Cristina E. Lanivschi, Emanuela Decher
All numerical simulations are correlated to experimental data and the stiffness improvement provided by proposed hybridization technology is evaluated, especially for elastic wood behavior domain, as it is the design domain of timber structural members required by EUROCODE.
Due to GFRP strips, the normal stresses along X direction in timber components of Model 2 – HB1 showed a reduction of 19.61% compared to those obtained on the reference beam.
Regarding the deflections, the reduction obtained for the hybrid beam was of 13.19 % and represents also the cumulative effect of the increased section`s moment of inertia of about 7.68 % and the higher stiffness of GFRP strips with other 5.51 %.
The deflection corresponding to the ultimate load of the reference beam was 40.51 mm, higher than that obtained on the hybrid beam for the same load level, of only 30.847 mm, leading to deflection reduction of 23.85 %.
Due to GFRP strips, the normal stresses along X direction in timber components of Model 2 – HB1 showed a reduction of 19.61% compared to those obtained on the reference beam.
Regarding the deflections, the reduction obtained for the hybrid beam was of 13.19 % and represents also the cumulative effect of the increased section`s moment of inertia of about 7.68 % and the higher stiffness of GFRP strips with other 5.51 %.
The deflection corresponding to the ultimate load of the reference beam was 40.51 mm, higher than that obtained on the hybrid beam for the same load level, of only 30.847 mm, leading to deflection reduction of 23.85 %.