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To investigate the transition, the fretting wear tester was contrived to prevent the reduction of relative displacement between tube and support by increasing the load.
After the tests, the change in the wear scar of the tube was recorded by using surface profile meter and these data was used for estimating approximate wear volume.

In recent years, the use of magnesium alloys for home electric appliances and automotive parts has been increasing because weight reduction can be achieved.
The temperature of the molten metal was sequentially measured using a data logger.

It might be concluded that a reduction of the rate of silver dissolution from the bioactive gel-glass might preserve a maximum cell viability.
Discussion and Conclusion Previously published data have shown that the ionic products released from the gel-glasses (such as biologically active calcium and silica) have the ability to stimulate cellular differentiation and proliferation, and there appears to be an up-regulation of certain genes that are implicated in the growth and proliferation of these cells [6].

In industrial metrology, the system of fringe projection for the fast determination of 3D surface data has been established.
The calculation of 3D data will be described in following chapters.
In general, a diffuse reflection must take place to get data.
The calculation of 3D data within these systems is always based on triangulation.
RCA Electro-optics Handbook : A Compendium of Useful Information and Technical Data.

For continuous yielding materials, FE analysts can directly use the true stress true strain curve converted from engineering stress strain data.
Propagation of Luders band [2] Modeling stress strain curves using engineering stress strain data Figure 3 shows true stress true strain curve of a low carbon low alloy steel (0.18% carbon), which includes a significant portion (plastic strain of 0.013) of yielding point elongation caused by Luders band propagation, as indicated by L in Figure 3.
Strength coefficient K and strain hardening exponent n are calculated according to ASTM standard E 646-00 [3], which recommends using five data pairs from stress strain curve to calculate both parameters, with the maximum strain is at or slightly prior to the strain at which the maximum load occurs and the lower bound of these strains is the yielding strains (for continuous yielding materials) or the end of yielding point extension (for discontinuous yielding materials).
In many cases, materials handbooks only lists yield strength, tensile strength, area reduction and/or elongation.
Otherwise, guess the uniform elongation at ultimate tensile strength based on stress strain curves available for a similar material (in ASM handbook, or tested data); 3) Convert yield strength and ultimate tensile strength to true stress Sy and Sf using equation 2; 4) Multiply Sf by 1.5 and use it as a initial guess for strength coefficient (K); 5) Use Hooke's Law to calculate strain for stress below Sy and the Ramburg-Osgood equation (1) to calculate the total strain after yielding. 6) Change K and Repeat step 5) until the elongation matches what was obtained in step 2) (Figure 6) 7) Use equation 4 to remove the flat region near yielding point (Figure 7).

.); E7 – establishing of the research equipments (transducers, data acquisition cards, signals conditioning systems, computers, frequency analyzers etc.; E8 – establishing of the programming language for the data control, analysis and displaying; E9 – choosing (designing) of the virtual instruments for the data control, analysis and displaying; E10 – establishing of the variable parameters of the virtual instruments (sampling ratio, window size, temporal window, measuring units); E11 – establishing of the variable parameters of the clamping devices (number of pieces to be clamped, magnitude of the clamping forces, number of clamping forces, etc.); E12 – working out of the experiment strategy (method of the complete factorial experiment, Taguchi methods, etc.); E13 – accomplishing of the experiments; E14 – interpretation of the results.
The measuring equipment consists of: force transducer type S9, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik, PCB Piezotronics B52 accelerometer used to measure the vibrations; multi channel electronic PC measurement unit, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik; computer with Catman Easy/ AP data acquisition software, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik.
Leontiev Reduction of flexible workpiece vibrations with dynamic support realized as tuned mass damper. 14th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations(CIRP CMMO), Procedia CIRP. 8 ( 2013 ) 230 – 234

Enter a different frequency control word can get the phase increment accordingly, and then control the output signal frequency; change the amplitude data waveform storage table of contents, can produce a variety of waveforms.
(1) The phase accumulator The basic structure of the phase accumulator is as shown in Fig.4, which consists of binary adder and parallel data register.
Fig.5 The structure diagram of complex function generator system Realization of ROM programming After the initialization data files sinusoidal waveform, using Quartus software customization basic macro function, create ROM waveform data storage corresponding to import the.Mif file.
Function generator is not only support the drawing board for graphics, waveform scan obtained can also identify and reduction output.

Several studies have produced estimates on the influence of rolling parameters [1], but there is still insufficient data for complete understanding.
This data was used to determine the relationship between precipitation state progress - degree of recrystallization of the material, based on the work of Jonas et al [3] where the transformation textures in steel are discussed in detail.
From this data one can see that routes 1 and 3 resulted in the highest relative intensity of the {100} á011ñ component at the final production stage while routes 2 and 4 display maxima in {113}á110ñ, {112}á110ñ transformation components.
Iso-intensity lines: 0.8x -1x -1.3x -1.6x -2x -2.5x -3.2x -5x -6.4x random Route 1 Q1 at 1180 ºC After Roughing Q2 at 980 ºC After finishing Final After ACC + coiling Nb Precipitated (%) 15 33 39 ODF section at φ2 = 45° Route 2 Q1 at 1180 ºC After Roughing Q3 at 800 ºC After finishing Final After ACC + coiling Nb Precipitated (%) 15 40 52 ODF section at φ2 = 45° Route 3 Q1 at 1180 ºC After Roughing Q2 at 980 ºC After finishing Final After Air Cooling Nb Precipitated (%) 15 33 76 ODF section at φ2 = 45° Route 4 Q1 at 1180 ºC After Roughing Q3 at 800 ºC After finishing Final After Air cooling Nb Precipitated (%) 15 40 90 ODF section at φ2 = 45° It should be mentioned that no significant reduction in the intensity of {113}á110ñ and {112}á110ñ texture components was found after Q3 in comparison to the finally processed material in routes 2 and 4.
These results are consistent with data in Fig. 1 which shows that low SFRT promotes grain refinement in the plates subjected to both ACC and air cooling drafts.

The value of information sharing has been well revealed by many researchers, such as Cachon and Fisher [1] and Lee et al. [4] argued that the benefits of sharing real-time information on demand and/or inventory levels of materials between suppliers and customers could provide significant inventory reduction and cost savings to the manufacturer.
Supposing there are n alternatives and m evaluation indicators for each alternative, the original data are shown by the following matrix: (1) The following steps are the procedures of TOPSIS: Step 1: Uniformization of the data matrix There may be positive ones such as benefit indices and negative ones such as cost indices among the evaluation indicators.
And then the converted data are normalized to eliminate the dimensions of different indicators as follows: , for and (2) Step 2: Determination of the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution Positive ideal solutions are described by vector Z+ and negative ideal solutions are described by vector Z-: , (3) in which , , for.
Results and discussions The data obtained from simulation listed in Table 1 were normalized firstly, and then the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution were computed, finally the ranking of polices was achieved by computing the similarities to ideal solution.

But the anti-interference ability of this method is low and the monitoring data were hard to get.
Firstly, the data of transformer winding is monitored.
Then it has (4) By the above formula，The reduction of the sound intensity gainis (5) (6) where is the speed of the ultrasonic wave, is the time of the propagation.
The data is processed by a computer and the test report of transformer winding is given.
Table 1 Measurement data of winding deformation test point actual distance (mm) measured value (mm) absolute error (mm) relative error (%) 1 300 299.3 -0.7 0.23 2 300 299.6 -0.4 0.13 3 290 289.2 -0.8 0.26 4 285 285.5 0.5 0.17 5 300 300.8 0.8 0.26 …… …… …… …… …… By the above table, using the Improved Ultrasonic Ranging method to assess the winding deformation of transformer has the very high resolution and accuracy, can detect the winding deformation accurately.