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In the present work, experimental runs were accomplished according to L9 orthogonal array, i.e. three factors such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were considered and for each factor, three levels were chosen.
The range of levels for each factor are considered according to the literature review, tool and material properties and type of cutting environment.
Results and Discussion 3.1 Micro hardness analysis In this present experimental investigation, micro hardness of cutting inserts, an indispensable mechanical property, was studied and evaluated in details.
· Chip formation process was greatly affected by cryogenic treatment.
Serrations and material side flow were the two primary properties of chips found.

The chemical and physical properties of cement are provided in Table 1.
Table 3 represents the chemical and physical properties of the superplasticizer.
Monteiro, Concrete microstructure properties and materials.
Pielert, Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials.
Kaplan, Flexural and Compressive Strength of Concrete as Affected by the Properties of Coarse Aggregate.

The alloy's crystalline structure can be adjusted through composition, processing parameters, and heat treatment, affecting atom distribution [13].
The process will involve precisely manipulating the elemental composition and microstructure of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, ensuring the desired MSM properties are attained.
In contrast, the active part incorporates the unique properties of the Ni-Mn-Ga exhibiting MSM characteristics, enabling precise and efficient actuation within the microfluidic system.
Notably, MSM materials possess active properties, allowing them to alter their shape – elongate, contract, or bend – by a significant percentage when subjected to an applied magnetic field
Philosophical Magazine B: Physics of Condensed Matter; Statistical Mechanics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Properties, (1984), 49(3), 295– 310

The electrical equipment accident is the main problem of affecting electric system security, reliability, stability, economic operation.
However, when the insulating medium in the process of manufacturing, installation and long-term operation of the transformer, insulation properties deteriorated gradually, forming a partial discharge, adding insulation structure damage, causing power grid accident Analysis of Power Transformer Typical PD Type Transformer has a complex internal structure, and the electric field distribution is not uniform.
However, high-voltage switchgear insulation will gradually deteriorate by the environmental impact, human activity and other factors during the manufacture, installation and long run.
For oil circuit breakers, the most common failure is breaker affected with damp.
Insulator electrical performance mainly include insulator flashover characteristics, all kinds of electrical properties under the overvoltage, the filth flashover characteristics and oil-frequency breakdown characteristics.

The material properties of electroplated NiW alloys with potential for use as emitters in thermionic energy converters were investigated.
NiW alloy films with W content ranging from 11 to 25 at% were electroplated and the material properties of the alloy films including their surface morphologies, and crystallinities, were determined.
Electroplated NiW alloys have good strength, hardness, wear-resistance, and their properties depend on W content in NiW alloy [5, 6].
Changes in the electron emission properties, crystal structure, and surface morphology were also examined with and without heat treatment.
Electroplated NiW alloys with different W content were prepared and their properties investigated.

Introduction Starch is the main composition of corn that significantly affects the processing qualities of corn that mostly lie on the physiochemical properties and textures of starch pastes and gels.
Changes of these properties directly influence the qualities of corn food.
Murthy et al [4] used two saccharification and fermentation processes to improve the fermentation characteristics of endosperm fraction from dry degerm defiber process and concluded the wet process had the highest fermentation rate.This work aimed to examine the effects on functional and structural properties of corn flours by three different processing and find the rules of starch and protein changes so as to realize the better use of corn flour to foodstuff.
Centrifugate needed to concentrate before examining thermodynamic properties by DSC.
Extrusion of starch granules causes changes in their morphological and molecular structure depending on several factors including moisture content, cooking temperature, and mechanical/thermal energy input.

Introduction Shape memory alloys (SMAs) reveal extraordinary properties including shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) [1-4].
Due to their unique properties, SMAs are used in various industries ranging from bio-related applications to automotive and aerospace [5-9].
In another work, Huang and Liu demonstrated the effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation temperatures and mechanical properties of NiTi [14].
Demonstrating the evolution of precipitates is an elegant approach to enlighten the correlation between heat treatment parameters and mechanical properties of NiTi shape memory alloys.
The potentiodynamic tests were utilized in order to investigate the corrosion properties of NiTi samples.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Introduction Friction stir welded joint (FSW) includes five different zones, shown in Fig. 1 (a) as: (1) nugget zone (NZ), (2) flow arm zone (FAZ), (3) thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), (4) heat affected zone (HAZ) and (5) parent plate zone (PZ).
Material property of FSW zones in 2024-T351 Al Alloy.
In fact the crack behavior is intensely affected by the variation of hardness and residual stress along the zones in addition to the microstructure.
On the other hand residual stress as a significant factor in crack behavior increased the growth rate from NZ to TMAZ where it fell from 200 MPa compression to 60 MPa compression.

However, the deleterious effect of hydrogen on the physical and mechanical properties of the pipeline steels needs to be carefully investigated and predicted to ensure safe and reliable pipeline operation under hydrogen pressures in both static and cyclic loading conditions.
The influence of hydrogen on the properties of current pipeline steels depends on the kinetics of absorption, the diffusion rate and the complex interaction of hydrogen with microstructural features present in the steel.
The Cellular Automaton (CA) technique has been used to predict the property degradation of microstructures with various properties (e.g. different grain size) under a given hydrogen embrittlement condition.
Previous work has shown that average grain volume (or average grain diameter) is a significant parameter affecting or controlling hydrogen diffusion because grain boundaries play a twofold role regarding hydrogen diffusion in the microstructure [6].
A 2D space with the given properties should be occupied by the diffusing hydrogen atoms.

Several factors affect the performance of a catalyst.
By modeling a converter with proper dimensions and its related properties, it is possible to see the situation that happens during the complicated chemical processes.
Simulation of Catalytic Converter Performance The nature of the exhaust gas flow is a very important factor in determining the performance of the catalytic converter.
Pontikakis: Modeling, Reaction Schemes and Kinetic Parameter Estimation in Automotive Catalytic Converters and Diesel Particulate Filters, Published Thesis, University of Thessaly, Greece: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (2003)
Nurhafez: International J. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 2 (2007), No. 1, p. 1 [5] R.E.