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Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with the grant No. 50905007, the Open Research Fund Program of the National Key Laboratory of Diesel Engine Turbocharging Technology with the grant No. 9140C330613100C33 and the Special Financial Support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation with the grant No. 200902042.
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Introduction Material removal phenomena are very important in many fabrication technology processes and the clear understanding of the fundamental actions of how workpiece materials are removed by a tool is critical in the production of miniaturized devices.
They used silicon as the workpiece and the tool materials, using the Tersoff potential function.
Wang, An experimental study on molecular dynamics simulation in nanometer grinding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 138 (2003) 484-488
Lu, Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal effects in nanometric cutting process, Science China Technological Sciences 53 (3) (2010) 870-874
Materials 196 (2001) 31-42

Experimental results explain “cutting wear” and “deformation wear” mechanisms are effective in cutting both the mild and the brittle structure materials with AWJ.
The pressure of the AWJ affects the surface roughness as the thickness of the material decreases.
Thus, the material cutting is achieved.
References [1] Adnan Akkurt,Mustafa Kemal Kulekci,Ulvi Seker,etc:submitted to Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2004) [2] H.Orbanic, M.
Junkar:submitted to Wear (2008) [3] Nie Bai-sheng, Meng Jun-qing, Ji Zong-feng,etc.in: The Cutting Affects and Surface Topography Analyses of Pre-mixed and Rear-mixed Abrasive Water Jet,edited by S.Shimizu and G.Peng,Progress in 9th Pacific Rim International Conference on Water Jetting Technology (2009) [4] Hashish,M:submitted to Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering (1984) [5] Hashish, M:submitted to ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering (1991) [6] F.L.Chen, J.Wang,E.Lemma,etc：submitted to Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2003) [7] G.Vikram,N.Ramesh Babu:submitted to International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture (2002)

This problem is extremely important for the most energy-intensive branches of industrial production based on heat technologies, including thermal treatment of raw materials.
The selection of reasonable process layouts and mode adjustment of equipment to regularly changing qualities of raw materials encounter significant difficulties.
This is why an actual scientific mission, having theoretical and applied relevance, is modeling of the main target processes during thermal pretreatment of raw materials.
The processes of drying, dissociation of carbonates and baking, securing ultimate strength, will be called thermal pretreatment target processes for raw materials.
Meshalkin, Statistical thermodynamics of the two-phase transition region for one-component metallic melts, Inorganic Materials, 35(9) (1999) 899-901

In the electromagnetic field, the materials absorb microwave energy to produce a high heat [4].
Experimental 2.1The Experimental Materials, Chemicals and Instruments Wheat straw (from pulp and paper laboratory of Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Anthraquinone(AQ), chemically pure( from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Factory); sodium sulfate, chemically pure (from Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute); sodium hydroxide AR, hydrochloric acid (36% -38%), sodium sulfide, 95% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, acetic acid, benzene, acetone, etc.
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Journal of Molecular Science．3 (2011), Vol.12, 1451-1463 [6] Chen Yihui; Li Hui; Lin Hetong(2011) Studies on combined hot-air and microwave vacuum drying of Lithi pulp.

Introduction The properties and behavior of materials at the nano-scale or level vary greatly when compared to micro levels.
Metal oxides NPs (core& shell) have many applications in the field of catalysis and optoelectronics because of their dual physical properties for core as well as shell materials.
SDS is helpful organic polymer solvent to fabricate nanocompound materials and to ensure the stability of these materials.
NPs are formed during the process of PLAL by many steps staring in phase transition, nucleation, and crystal growth of emitted materials from the target plate.
This convenient synthesis strategy can be applied as a general approach that ZrO2 NPs have attracted significant interest of materials scientists and physicists due to their special properties and have attained a great importance in several technological applications such medical ,and biological applications.

The use of lignin for the synthesis of new polymeric materials is the most promising alternative for its new evaluation.
EXPERIMENTAL Materials.
Yun Hse, Synthesis and cure kinetics of liquefied wood/ phenol/ formaldehyde resins, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 108 (2007) 1837-1844
Extraction and characterization, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 45 (1992) 633-644
Sierakowski, Composite materials and structures: Science, technology and applications, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2005)

Despite the advances in recycling, 40% of the tires here produced annually are still incinerated, with environmental impacts and lost of valuable materials.
Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 30(5), 1341-1356
Sustainable Materials and Technologies, e01050
Progress in Materials Science, 72, 100-140
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 8(1), 1-10.

Studied materials in this workwere sandstones.
Studied materials Sandstones are materials studiedin this article.
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In sintering process, different procedures were used to synthesize the LiFePO4/C composite materials.
In this paper, the LiFePO4/C composite materials were produced by the combination of electrospinning and sintering process.
LTD), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (Mw=150000 (Typical), Sigmal-aldrich) were used as starting materials for electrospinning.
Preparation of LiFePO4/C composite materials The electrospun LiFePO4 precursor/PAN mats were heat treated in two steps.
Munichandraiah: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Vol. 2, No.7 (2010), p.2031-2038 [7] Jiajun Wang, Xueliang Sun: Energy & Environmental Science Vol. 5 (2012), p. 5163-5185 [8] Hao Hsun Chang, Chun Chih Chang, Hung Chun Wu, et al: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 158 (2006), p. 550-556