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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Cai Xia Wang, Jun Yan Yi, Hai Yong Zhang
China has a large area and a huge number of villages and towns, where rural roads are desired to connect villages and towns with rural areas.
For example, if the number of small-sized vehicle is large and travelling speed is slow, the width of intermediate zone and strip should be the smaller value.
In order to ensure the concrete strip roads having long-term moisture stability and freezing stability, the grain material which has a good water stability should be the first choice for base course.
According to the changes of slab thickness which are influenced by the cumulative number of standard axle loads (graded by producing 0.02m slab thickness change), strip roads traffic is divided in these levels: light traffic-1 (the cumulative number of standard axle load is between 30000 and 10000), light-grade 2 (the cumulative number of standard axle load is between 10000 and 3000).
If the cumulative number of standard axle load is less than 3000, it can use the curve of 3000 to design structure.
For example, if the number of small-sized vehicle is large and travelling speed is slow, the width of intermediate zone and strip should be the smaller value.
In order to ensure the concrete strip roads having long-term moisture stability and freezing stability, the grain material which has a good water stability should be the first choice for base course.
According to the changes of slab thickness which are influenced by the cumulative number of standard axle loads (graded by producing 0.02m slab thickness change), strip roads traffic is divided in these levels: light traffic-1 (the cumulative number of standard axle load is between 30000 and 10000), light-grade 2 (the cumulative number of standard axle load is between 10000 and 3000).
If the cumulative number of standard axle load is less than 3000, it can use the curve of 3000 to design structure.
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Matthias Schmidtchen, Anja Weidner, Ulrich Prahl, Horst Biermann, Jennifer Mantel, Mikhail Seleznev
To advance this research, a TWIP and a TRIP steel were combined in a laminated composite via roll bonding at 450 °C with the goal of using accumulative roll bonding (ARB) in later research to further enhance the properties reaching an ultra-fine-grained material.
TWIP steels, on the other hand, deform primarily through mechanical twinning with both mechanisms leading to a high combination of strength and ductility. [1] To further improve material properties, a severe plastic deformation process like accumulative roll bonding (ARB) can be used, which leads to additional grain refinement in the materials after multiple cycles while retaining the starting geometry with a reduction of 50 %. [2] A laminate combining TRIP and TWIP steels can integrate both deformation mechanisms to improve the overall performance of the material, while also increasing the energy absorption through local deformation in the bonding zone.
Acknowledgment This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft (DFG) under grant number 448954974.
TWIP steels, on the other hand, deform primarily through mechanical twinning with both mechanisms leading to a high combination of strength and ductility. [1] To further improve material properties, a severe plastic deformation process like accumulative roll bonding (ARB) can be used, which leads to additional grain refinement in the materials after multiple cycles while retaining the starting geometry with a reduction of 50 %. [2] A laminate combining TRIP and TWIP steels can integrate both deformation mechanisms to improve the overall performance of the material, while also increasing the energy absorption through local deformation in the bonding zone.
Acknowledgment This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft (DFG) under grant number 448954974.
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Matthew J. Peel, Sina Safari, Hugh Dorward, Mahmoud Mosafavi
Microstructural simulations, such as crystal plasticity modelling, can model features like grain size, morphology and texture.
With PCA applied the dataset, the number of parameters needed to represent the texture is reduced to 10 while still capturing over 99% of the variance in the dataset.
Knowles, Grain size and shape dependent crystal plasticity finite element model and its application to electron beam welded SS316L, J.
With PCA applied the dataset, the number of parameters needed to represent the texture is reduced to 10 while still capturing over 99% of the variance in the dataset.
Knowles, Grain size and shape dependent crystal plasticity finite element model and its application to electron beam welded SS316L, J.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: N.P. Shapkin, V.I. Razov, I.G. Khalʻchenko, V.I. Mayorov, A.L. Shkuratov, V.O. Trukhin, V.V. Kotochentsev
The modification of vermiculite was carried out as described below: 100g of heated to a constant weight vermiculite with the temperature of 120-150 °С, grain size equaled to 0.05-0.10 mm had been stirred in 200 ml of 12% hydrochloric acid solution for two days.
Obtained vermiculite obtained (sample number #3, table. 1) was dried to constant weight and analyzed for the content of major elements.
Moreover, the largest number of acid sites was obtained by the 12% hydrochloric acid and the same way by 10% sulfuric acid [7].
It is connected with the maximum extraction of magnesium ions from the interlayer space (Table 1, Fig. 4b), thus, the number of freed volumes is growing (Fig. 4a) and for the reason that the volume sizes are defined by the ratio of the total volume to the number of annihilation sites, the value of the specific volume, where the annihilation occurs, decreases.
After the acid treatment, the pore sizes reached of 6-14 nm and their number was increasing dramatically.
Obtained vermiculite obtained (sample number #3, table. 1) was dried to constant weight and analyzed for the content of major elements.
Moreover, the largest number of acid sites was obtained by the 12% hydrochloric acid and the same way by 10% sulfuric acid [7].
It is connected with the maximum extraction of magnesium ions from the interlayer space (Table 1, Fig. 4b), thus, the number of freed volumes is growing (Fig. 4a) and for the reason that the volume sizes are defined by the ratio of the total volume to the number of annihilation sites, the value of the specific volume, where the annihilation occurs, decreases.
After the acid treatment, the pore sizes reached of 6-14 nm and their number was increasing dramatically.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Zeng Chao Feng, Jiang Fang Wang, Dong Zhao
And the results showed that the number of joint surface is a fundamental parameter of rock mass strength nonhomogeneity.
For limited scale network (L×L), the number of pores in maximum cluster is
Threshold permeability characteristics of nonhomogeneous rock Size of porous connection is dependent on two factors, one is porosity of homogeneous porous medium, the other is coordination number of units, which is number of neighbor units in each unit.
For the above model of threshold, the coordination number of two dimension square network is 4 and hexahedron is 6.
From Fig.4 minerals in rock no matter number or form, the distribution of density is random and rock porous numbers in arbitrary part are different.
For limited scale network (L×L), the number of pores in maximum cluster is
Threshold permeability characteristics of nonhomogeneous rock Size of porous connection is dependent on two factors, one is porosity of homogeneous porous medium, the other is coordination number of units, which is number of neighbor units in each unit.
For the above model of threshold, the coordination number of two dimension square network is 4 and hexahedron is 6.
From Fig.4 minerals in rock no matter number or form, the distribution of density is random and rock porous numbers in arbitrary part are different.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Mao Fu Liu, Xiong Hua Guo, Chang Rong Zhao
(4)
Where α is the number of sets for training test data, Rm is measured surface roughness in the tests, and ym is the predicted surface roughness.
The inputs are population size M, crossover rate pc, mutation rate pm, and number of generations.
A suitable orthogonal array Lγ(2γ - 1) is selected for the matrix experiments, where γ is the number of experimental runs and γ-1 is the number of columns in the orthogonal array
(10) Repeat Steps (6) to (9) until the expected number M × pc has been met
In the prediction model, the number of the fuzzy rules n was 25, the total number of premise and consequent parameters was 118 (i.e. β = 118), the population size M was 200, the crossover rate pc was 0.9, the mutation rate pm was 0.1, the number of generations was 200, the orthogonal array was L120(2119), the performance index J was 0.0054 and the Gaussian function was used as the membership function.
The inputs are population size M, crossover rate pc, mutation rate pm, and number of generations.
A suitable orthogonal array Lγ(2γ - 1) is selected for the matrix experiments, where γ is the number of experimental runs and γ-1 is the number of columns in the orthogonal array
(10) Repeat Steps (6) to (9) until the expected number M × pc has been met
In the prediction model, the number of the fuzzy rules n was 25, the total number of premise and consequent parameters was 118 (i.e. β = 118), the population size M was 200, the crossover rate pc was 0.9, the mutation rate pm was 0.1, the number of generations was 200, the orthogonal array was L120(2119), the performance index J was 0.0054 and the Gaussian function was used as the membership function.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Yong Yang, Liao Yuan Zhang, Jian Guang Wang, Chao Wang
The number of diamond particles that involved in cutting workpiece gradually increase, so the force between wire saw and the workpiece is increasing.
That is because after the first phase, the effective area of cutting is stable and the number of involved diamond particles is stable.
That is because comparing the first stage, the coolant cannot reach the machined region in time and machined chip cannot be ruled out in time, so there is a mount of chip particles that involved cutting process, which lead to the total number of cutting particles increased and the force between wire saw and workpiece increased compared with the first stage.
Second, such as the above analysis, in the cutting process, the number of abrasive particles per unit area , the proportion of abrasive particles Participated cutting ,Wire radius ,etc ,have some changes in their own.
Furthermore, the silicon atoms of polysilicon arranged into many crystal nucleus in the diamond lattice, and these nucleus grow into grains of different crystal orientation.
That is because after the first phase, the effective area of cutting is stable and the number of involved diamond particles is stable.
That is because comparing the first stage, the coolant cannot reach the machined region in time and machined chip cannot be ruled out in time, so there is a mount of chip particles that involved cutting process, which lead to the total number of cutting particles increased and the force between wire saw and workpiece increased compared with the first stage.
Second, such as the above analysis, in the cutting process, the number of abrasive particles per unit area , the proportion of abrasive particles Participated cutting ,Wire radius ,etc ,have some changes in their own.
Furthermore, the silicon atoms of polysilicon arranged into many crystal nucleus in the diamond lattice, and these nucleus grow into grains of different crystal orientation.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Shi Chao Cao, Yuan Fu Li, Zhao Yu Li, Xiao Yi Qian, Lie Xia, Wen Lai Xu
Feasibility of Railway Washing Wastewater Disposal by Improved CRI
Shichao Cao 1,a,Yuanfu Li 1,Zhaoyu Li 1,Xiaoyi Qian 1,Lie Xia 2,Wenlai Xu 3,b*
1College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
2China Railway ErYuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd, Chengdu, China
3College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
aE-mail: dancen3168@sina.com, bE-mail: 296794884@qq.com
Keywords: railway washing wastewater; sponge iron; CRIs; TP; removal efficiency
Abstract: Railway washing wastewater, containing a large number of carbohydrates, fat, protein, cellulose, and other organic pollutants, will cause serious pollution, result in production of foul-smelling matter, impact on the survival of aquatic life and hinder the sustainable development of railway transport, if the wastewater is directly discharged into the nature water body.
Introduction The need for treatment of railway washing wastewater which contains a large number of carbohydrates, fat, protein, cellulose, and other organic pollutants is now imperative, because the water can cause serious pollution and impact on the survival of aquatic life and hinder the sustainable development of railway transport, if the wastewater is directly discharged into the nature water body(Wang, 2003).
CRIs is a new type of ecological wastewater disposal technology with high efficiency, low consumption, convenient operation and management, low investment and bright application perspectives, which has been applied to a number of engineering practices successfully in several areas and achieved good social, economic and ecological benefits.
In order to ensure higher the hydraulic loading, infiltration mediums in traditional CRIs are often coarse sand which has little sticky grain and iron, aluminum and calcium and cation exchange capacity of medium is less, therefore, adsorption effect of phosphorus is poor [7].
Introduction The need for treatment of railway washing wastewater which contains a large number of carbohydrates, fat, protein, cellulose, and other organic pollutants is now imperative, because the water can cause serious pollution and impact on the survival of aquatic life and hinder the sustainable development of railway transport, if the wastewater is directly discharged into the nature water body(Wang, 2003).
CRIs is a new type of ecological wastewater disposal technology with high efficiency, low consumption, convenient operation and management, low investment and bright application perspectives, which has been applied to a number of engineering practices successfully in several areas and achieved good social, economic and ecological benefits.
In order to ensure higher the hydraulic loading, infiltration mediums in traditional CRIs are often coarse sand which has little sticky grain and iron, aluminum and calcium and cation exchange capacity of medium is less, therefore, adsorption effect of phosphorus is poor [7].
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Julfikar Haider, M.S.J. Hashmi
Therefore, with the increasing size of deposition chamber, the number of
coating sources needs to increase for depositing coating at an economical rate.
In an industrial-scale sputtering chamber with a limited number of active magnetron sources, the density of coating species from different targets would not be uniform everywhere around the chamber.
In the TiN+MoSx coating, peaks were shifted to lower angles and slightly widened compared to pure TiN coating (Fig. 7), which indicated an increase in the lattice parameter and a reduction in grain size respectively.
These observations in addition to the absence of MoSx phase in the coating suggested that Mo and S atoms were possibly incorporated into the cubic TiN lattice or segregated at the grain boundaries [7, 10].
The method showed a huge potential to improve the deposition rate of multicomponent coatings when there are a limited number of active coating sources in an industrialscale coating deposition chamber.
In an industrial-scale sputtering chamber with a limited number of active magnetron sources, the density of coating species from different targets would not be uniform everywhere around the chamber.
In the TiN+MoSx coating, peaks were shifted to lower angles and slightly widened compared to pure TiN coating (Fig. 7), which indicated an increase in the lattice parameter and a reduction in grain size respectively.
These observations in addition to the absence of MoSx phase in the coating suggested that Mo and S atoms were possibly incorporated into the cubic TiN lattice or segregated at the grain boundaries [7, 10].
The method showed a huge potential to improve the deposition rate of multicomponent coatings when there are a limited number of active coating sources in an industrialscale coating deposition chamber.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Xue Mei Zhou, Yi Zhe Liu
Micro-blog not only includes content, but also includes post author, release time, the number of comments, forwarding number and other metadata information.
In order to decide words sentiment polarity, a real number ranged from -1 to 1 is selected as sentiment weight.
Sentence sentiment analysis is applied to distinguish subjective and objective of sentence, and discriminate the commendatory and derogatory of subjective sentence; meanwhile, extract fine-grained of sentence sentiment tendency including evaluation object, view holders etc.
Micro-blog heat value is usually decided by forwarding number, comments number, listener’s number and published time of micro blogging.
For example, sina weibo aggregates micro-blog containing the same keywords and calculates forwarding number, comments number etc., meanwhile, detects hot topics according to statistics.
In order to decide words sentiment polarity, a real number ranged from -1 to 1 is selected as sentiment weight.
Sentence sentiment analysis is applied to distinguish subjective and objective of sentence, and discriminate the commendatory and derogatory of subjective sentence; meanwhile, extract fine-grained of sentence sentiment tendency including evaluation object, view holders etc.
Micro-blog heat value is usually decided by forwarding number, comments number, listener’s number and published time of micro blogging.
For example, sina weibo aggregates micro-blog containing the same keywords and calculates forwarding number, comments number etc., meanwhile, detects hot topics according to statistics.