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Online since: September 2008
Authors: K. Furić, Maurizio Ferrari, Mile Ivanda, U.V. Desnica, G.C. Righini, D. Ristić, M. Buljan
Introduction
The nanosized crystallites are attracting a lot of interest, because many properties of
the nanostructured compounds show to be anomalous when the grain diameter approaches
nanometer size.
These modes involve the collective motion of large numbers of atoms which vibrational frequencies are possible to calculate using elasticity theory.
The angular number l = 0,1,2, ... measures the number of wavelengths along a circle on the surface of the particle.
These degenerate modes are labelled by the number m.
o o o -1 04812 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 S1 D0=4.4 nm σ=0.35 0481216 S2 D0=6.8 nm σ=0.32 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Number of particles D(nm) S3 D0=5 nm σ=0.25 Figure 2.
These modes involve the collective motion of large numbers of atoms which vibrational frequencies are possible to calculate using elasticity theory.
The angular number l = 0,1,2, ... measures the number of wavelengths along a circle on the surface of the particle.
These degenerate modes are labelled by the number m.
o o o -1 04812 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 S1 D0=4.4 nm σ=0.35 0481216 S2 D0=6.8 nm σ=0.32 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Number of particles D(nm) S3 D0=5 nm σ=0.25 Figure 2.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Shang Feng Du, Gang Xu, Jie Kan, Rui Rui Zhang, Li Ping Chen
Wireless sensor network technology has the potential to reveal fine-grained, dynamic changes in monitored variables of outdoor landscape.
Especially as the development of modern agriculture, microclimate information requires more fine-grained, more precise, and more real-time.[1] The on-going technological developments in the miniaturization of electronic devices and wireless communication technology have led to emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSN) which make it is possible to acquire microclimate information more timely, accurately and conveniently.
The total sample number is about 3000 and the sampling cycle is 4 hours.
Especially as the development of modern agriculture, microclimate information requires more fine-grained, more precise, and more real-time.[1] The on-going technological developments in the miniaturization of electronic devices and wireless communication technology have led to emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSN) which make it is possible to acquire microclimate information more timely, accurately and conveniently.
The total sample number is about 3000 and the sampling cycle is 4 hours.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Fritz Klocke, Mustapha Abouridouane, Klaus Gerschwiler, Dieter Lung
These computational models would have great value in increasing the understanding of the cutting process and in reducing the number of experiments which traditionally are used for tool design, process selection, and machinability evaluation.
E [GPa] n [ - ] a [10-6/K] l [W/mK] cp r [N/m2K] 210 0.3 11 42 3.6 106 The Selected tools for this investigation were uncoated and fine-grain carbide (grain size 0.5-0.7mm) gundrills (d = 2.5, 8.0 mm, ISO HW-K15).
Summary To reduce the number of gun drilling tests required for tools optimization and to increase the understanding of the high performance machining process gun drilling, a uniform computational model has been developed by using the commercial implicit FE code Deform-3DTM.
E [GPa] n [ - ] a [10-6/K] l [W/mK] cp r [N/m2K] 210 0.3 11 42 3.6 106 The Selected tools for this investigation were uncoated and fine-grain carbide (grain size 0.5-0.7mm) gundrills (d = 2.5, 8.0 mm, ISO HW-K15).
Summary To reduce the number of gun drilling tests required for tools optimization and to increase the understanding of the high performance machining process gun drilling, a uniform computational model has been developed by using the commercial implicit FE code Deform-3DTM.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Tian Jiu Leng
area
58
87
183
53
22
24
194
194
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
the Textile
City
45
91
173
51
23
25
188
188
PM2.5
four
Moderate
pollution
Xiao Zhai
65
68
193
83
20
24
175
193
PM10
four
moderate
pollution
stadium
47
83
207
85
34
39
205
207
PM10
five
heavy
pollution
western
High-Tech
59
90
198
65
27
33
211
211
PM2.5
five
heavy
pollution
economic
Development zone
52
70
180
63
23
29
196
196
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
Chang’an
area
48
41
157
77
30
37
179
179
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
Yanlaing
area
53
50
172
63
24
32
191
191
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
Iintong
area
54
88
138
65
24
28
179
179
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
Qujiang
group
47
97
174
79
17
22
183
183
PM2.5
four
moderate
pollution
Guangyun
tan
52
94
186
79
28
32
204
204
PM2.5
five
heavy
pollution
Grass
beach
54
51
161
91
22
29
210
210
PM2.5
five
heavy
pollution
Evolution law of PM2.5
PM2.5 is a kind of fine particulate matter and its basic movement is random Brownian motion. is Set as the grain
quality, and is the grain displacement, then its motion can be described by Lagevin equation as follows: (2.3.1) The above formula means the force 0f Brownian particles is the sum of viscous resistance and stochastic force.Where, is a random variable satisfying the following conditions:.
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 2 hours of concentration distribution X Y -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 4 hours of concentration distribution X Y X -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 6 hours of concentration distribution Y -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 12 hours of concentration distribution X Y Fig. 7 The concentration simulation diagram of PM2.5 Conclusion PM 2.5 is not an air pollutant composed of a single component but a complex and variable atmospheric pollutant composed of various man-made or natural pollution sources and a large number of chemical components.
A large number of primary particles produced during certain industrial process and surface dust from buildings, farm, and wind erosion etc. are smaller pollution sources of PM2.5.
quality, and is the grain displacement, then its motion can be described by Lagevin equation as follows: (2.3.1) The above formula means the force 0f Brownian particles is the sum of viscous resistance and stochastic force.Where, is a random variable satisfying the following conditions:.
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 2 hours of concentration distribution X Y -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 4 hours of concentration distribution X Y X -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 6 hours of concentration distribution Y -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 12 hours of concentration distribution X Y Fig. 7 The concentration simulation diagram of PM2.5 Conclusion PM 2.5 is not an air pollutant composed of a single component but a complex and variable atmospheric pollutant composed of various man-made or natural pollution sources and a large number of chemical components.
A large number of primary particles produced during certain industrial process and surface dust from buildings, farm, and wind erosion etc. are smaller pollution sources of PM2.5.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Miao Xia Xie, Lin Jie Zhang
Gao et al. [4] performed the high-speed weld of ultra-fine grained steel by using this technique.
These parameters can be described by the following equations: (2) (3) According to Rosenthal equation, the temperature T at any location within the plate can be described by the following equation: (4) here Pabs represents the laser power absorbed by the material; δ is the thickness of the plate; k is the heat conduction coefficient; α is thermal diffusion coefficient and ; T0 represents the original temperature of workpiece; K0 is the second kind Bessel function in a modified form; Pe represents the Peclet number.
Finally the energy effectively absorbed by the workpiece can be calculated by: (5) here n is the total number of the slices.
Laser-TIG hybrid welding of ultra-fine grained steel.
These parameters can be described by the following equations: (2) (3) According to Rosenthal equation, the temperature T at any location within the plate can be described by the following equation: (4) here Pabs represents the laser power absorbed by the material; δ is the thickness of the plate; k is the heat conduction coefficient; α is thermal diffusion coefficient and ; T0 represents the original temperature of workpiece; K0 is the second kind Bessel function in a modified form; Pe represents the Peclet number.
Finally the energy effectively absorbed by the workpiece can be calculated by: (5) here n is the total number of the slices.
Laser-TIG hybrid welding of ultra-fine grained steel.
Online since: January 2021
Authors: Ludovic Thilly, Patrick Olier, Bouzid Kedjar, Emilien Curtet, Arnaud Courcelle, Matthew Bono
Before aging a dense network of dislocations is observed inside the grains.
These dislocations are arranged in cells and many grains are heavily twinned as shown in Fig. 2b.
There is no increase in the number or size of dislocation cells, as shown by the index (i).
Table 2: Characterizations of TiC nano-precipitates for each aging heat treatment number of counted precipitates Mean spherical diameter (nm) Mean density r (m-3) Volumic fraction (%) 650°C – 100h [4] - 6 - ≈ 0.4 600°C – 500 h [11] 97 4.3 ± 1,7 4 ± 2 x 1022 - 600°C – 1000h (our measurements) 921 4.3 ± 1,6 2.1 ± 0,5 x 1022 0.095 550°C – 1000h (our measurements) 680 3.0 ± 0,9 1.7 ± 0,5 x 1022 0.030 500°C – 4775h (our measurements) 64 2.4 ± 0,5 6.3 ± 2 x 1021 0.0046 Effect of aging on tensile behaviour Figure 4 compares the engineering stress-strain curves obtained at 20°C from tensile tests on tubes that were aged for 1000 hours at 400, 500, 550 and 600°C.
These dislocations are arranged in cells and many grains are heavily twinned as shown in Fig. 2b.
There is no increase in the number or size of dislocation cells, as shown by the index (i).
Table 2: Characterizations of TiC nano-precipitates for each aging heat treatment number of counted precipitates Mean spherical diameter (nm) Mean density r (m-3) Volumic fraction (%) 650°C – 100h [4] - 6 - ≈ 0.4 600°C – 500 h [11] 97 4.3 ± 1,7 4 ± 2 x 1022 - 600°C – 1000h (our measurements) 921 4.3 ± 1,6 2.1 ± 0,5 x 1022 0.095 550°C – 1000h (our measurements) 680 3.0 ± 0,9 1.7 ± 0,5 x 1022 0.030 500°C – 4775h (our measurements) 64 2.4 ± 0,5 6.3 ± 2 x 1021 0.0046 Effect of aging on tensile behaviour Figure 4 compares the engineering stress-strain curves obtained at 20°C from tensile tests on tubes that were aged for 1000 hours at 400, 500, 550 and 600°C.
Online since: April 2020
Authors: Donanta Dhaneswara, Davino Aditya Dwinanda, Bionolla Shandiana
The slurry mixture obtained then carried out a viscosity test with digital viscometer NDJ 8S using rotor number 2 and rotor speed of 30 rpm.
In addition, it appears that irregular grain shapes with small size.
However, irregular grain shape with a wide particle size distribution is advantageous because it can provide an interlocking effect that can make the coating layer dense and evenly distributed[11]. 40µm 40µm 40µm c b a 40µm 40µm 40µm f e d Figure 4.
Acknowledgement This research is conducted under research grant by Directorate of Research and Community Service University of Indonesia “Hibah Publikasi Internasional Terindeks untuk Tugas Akhir” with agreement number NKB-0721/UN.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019 References [1] U.
In addition, it appears that irregular grain shapes with small size.
However, irregular grain shape with a wide particle size distribution is advantageous because it can provide an interlocking effect that can make the coating layer dense and evenly distributed[11]. 40µm 40µm 40µm c b a 40µm 40µm 40µm f e d Figure 4.
Acknowledgement This research is conducted under research grant by Directorate of Research and Community Service University of Indonesia “Hibah Publikasi Internasional Terindeks untuk Tugas Akhir” with agreement number NKB-0721/UN.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019 References [1] U.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Volodymyr Malikov, Yaroslav Panasiuk, Volodymyr Strikha
The issue of the urban environment decoration, which is the residence place for a considerable number of people who seek aesthetic pleasure, has continuously been the task of urban architecture authority and it is quite successfully performed [1-4].
Properties of the soil taken for research Grain size composition/distribution, % Grain size, mm 2-1 1-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.071 <0.071 0.4 1.6 32.8 60.2 5 Liquidity limit, % 7.5 Optimal humidity at maximum density, % 7 Maximum density at optimal humidity, g/cm3 2.148 Table 2.
The approach applied to the experiment enables the use of mathematical planning to accelerate the time of its implementation and reduce the number of samples without losing the intermediary results and with sufficient statistical evidence.
Properties of the soil taken for research Grain size composition/distribution, % Grain size, mm 2-1 1-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.071 <0.071 0.4 1.6 32.8 60.2 5 Liquidity limit, % 7.5 Optimal humidity at maximum density, % 7 Maximum density at optimal humidity, g/cm3 2.148 Table 2.
The approach applied to the experiment enables the use of mathematical planning to accelerate the time of its implementation and reduce the number of samples without losing the intermediary results and with sufficient statistical evidence.
Online since: August 2009
Authors: Xing Ma, Y.Y. Hu, Xiao Ming Wu, J. Liu, Zhuo Xiong, Y.N. Yan, R. Lv, J. Wang
PLGA grains (LA/GA=70/30, Mw=7.31×105, Mn=3.19×105, PI=2.29) were provided by
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
PLGA grains were thoroughly dissolved in 1,4-dioxane.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China for supporting this work under grant number 715-009-0160.
This work is also supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China under grant number 30300356, 50577067.
PLGA grains were thoroughly dissolved in 1,4-dioxane.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China for supporting this work under grant number 715-009-0160.
This work is also supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China under grant number 30300356, 50577067.
Online since: September 2009
Authors: Ze Fu Bao, Peng Hai
Because the hardness of stainless steel
is relative low the sand grain and the adhesion thing fell off will scratch the surface of the surface of
the hole.
Table 1 Proportion of each ingredient of oilstones Number of oilstones 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# Ingredient of Abrasive GC SA GC SA GC SA GC WA GC WA GC WA GC Proportion of each ingredient(%/%) 90 10 80 20 70 30 90 10 80 20 70 30 100 It is known from the honing experiment analysis[2] that the grinding efficiency of the oilstone with green silicon-carbide abrasive is higher, but the larger proportion of green silicon-carbide abrasive is, easier the oilstone is to break down.
Table 2 Proportion of the ingredients of oilstones Number of oilstones 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# Ingredient of Abrasive SA GC SA GC SA GC WA GC WA GC WA GC WA Proportion of each ingredient(%/%) 90 10 80 20 70 30 90 10 80 20 70 30 100 It is indicated from the honing experiment analysis [3] and the grinding ratio of several oilstones (Figure 2) that the grinding effect of oilstone No. 4 is the best according to either the grinding efficiency or adhesion situation in honing stainless steel.
According to the properties of austenite stainless steel, the oilstone with higher hardness and bigger grain abrasive may be adopted in rough honing so as to cut off more margins quickly and make preparation for finish machining.
Table 1 Proportion of each ingredient of oilstones Number of oilstones 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# Ingredient of Abrasive GC SA GC SA GC SA GC WA GC WA GC WA GC Proportion of each ingredient(%/%) 90 10 80 20 70 30 90 10 80 20 70 30 100 It is known from the honing experiment analysis[2] that the grinding efficiency of the oilstone with green silicon-carbide abrasive is higher, but the larger proportion of green silicon-carbide abrasive is, easier the oilstone is to break down.
Table 2 Proportion of the ingredients of oilstones Number of oilstones 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# Ingredient of Abrasive SA GC SA GC SA GC WA GC WA GC WA GC WA Proportion of each ingredient(%/%) 90 10 80 20 70 30 90 10 80 20 70 30 100 It is indicated from the honing experiment analysis [3] and the grinding ratio of several oilstones (Figure 2) that the grinding effect of oilstone No. 4 is the best according to either the grinding efficiency or adhesion situation in honing stainless steel.
According to the properties of austenite stainless steel, the oilstone with higher hardness and bigger grain abrasive may be adopted in rough honing so as to cut off more margins quickly and make preparation for finish machining.