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The reduction in interlamellar spacing λ not only has a large influence on increase in yield strength, but is also an efficient way of improving the crack (Fig. 3a) and creep (Fig. 3b) resistance of two-phase alloys with lamellar α2+γ microstructure.
The change in casting conditions, e.g. increase in the heat abstraction rate in the crystallisation process obtained by using the graphite mould rather than the sand one and/or reduction in the cast wall thickness, is reflected in the change in nature of macrostructure and its significant refinement (Fig. 5).
Data in Fig. 2, 3 and 5÷7 show, on one hand, the existence of strong relationships between the properties of two-phase alloys with α2+γ lamellar microstructure and the stereological parameters of their microstructure and, on the other hand, the large possibilities of controlling these parameters.

Recently, in connection with those two approaches, it is reported that the internal stress that are difficult to be observed from macroscopic stress-strain data arises during the twinning-detwinning behavior [5].
Using the present model, computational analysis of uniaxial cyclic loading on Mg plate is carried out by means of FEM and the mechanism of the detwinning-stress reduction will be elucidated through the discussion.
Detail considerations of this stress reduction phenomenon will be discussed later.

The damage of water supply system may result in not only the reduction of water delivery capability and fire-fighting capacity but also the disruption of residential, commercial, and industrial activities.
In the event of an earthquake, water supply pipeline system may sustain various kinds of damage, such as pipeline ruptures and leakages, and result in reduction of water delivery capability.
The normal probability functions representing each of the damage states are expressed by Eq. 1 to Eq. 3, in which μR1, μR2, μs and σR1, σR2, σs represent the mean and the standard deviation (SD) of R1, R2 and S respectively. . (1) . (2) . (3) R1 and R2 can be estimated by statistical analysis of the past seismic activity data.

.), A11 Analytical grinder (IKA Company), YMS 3-12-140 high-temperature oil-bath dyeing machine (Zhongshan Yongming Machinery Factory), WX-1 pressure reduction filter (Zhejiang Linhai Tanshi Vacuum Equipment Co., Ltd.), 101 dryer (Ningbo Textile Instrument Factory), Datacolor SF600 color measuring and matching system (USA Datacolor Company), YB571B type crockmeter, SW-24 type washing fastness tester, PW-20 perspiration fastness tester (Wenzhou Darong Textile Instruments Co., Ltd.), DELTA320 pH meter (Mettler-Toledo International Inco.) 1.2 Extraction of walnut dye [2] Process: grind → dye extract → filter→ extract Processing conditions of extraction: Concentration of walnut peel powder [g/L] 50 Temperature [oC] 130 Alkali Dosage [g/L] 20 Time [min] 60 1.3 Dyeing process 1.3.1 Pre-mordant dyeing method Process: mordant → dyeing →soaping → drying [70 oC] Mordant-dyeing prescription: Ammonium ferrous sulfate [g/L] 2 Temperature [oC] 2 Time [min] 90 Liquor ratio 1:30 Dyeing
As far as fastness is concerned, all four methods can lead to satisfactory results, however, metachrome method and post-mordent method are easier to conduct and more water/energy efficient, and therefore are more favorable for cost reduction.
According to the analysis of data shown in Table 5, it could be concluded that the order of priority of factors that influences K/S values is pH (A) > dye concentration (B) > dyeing temperature (C), and the optimized combination is A2B3C1.

., smoothness, comfort, and quite ride), skid resistance, noise reduction, water spray reduction, and conspicuity of road markings and glare/reflections [2].
Laboratory experiment was performed on bitumen content of 5% to 7% with the increment of 0.5%, at mixing and compaction temperatures according to the results of the viscosity test using Bitumen Test data Chart [7].

For the prosecuted of data was used the software Mini-Tab.For the analysis of optic properties of glasses was used the technique of spectroscopy UV Vis using a spectrophotometer UV Vis NIR marks Shimadzu, the characterized range was of 250 to 2500 nm.The used glasses were of 4mm thick.
A decrementof the tension in 2mV in 36 cells to 30 degrees was observed, a reduction results from 2.16 volts and therefore reduction of the potency in a 15%.It was estimated that the tension to open circuit descends – 2.45 mV (C cell), while the intensity of short circuit almost looks affected.

It is well known that alloys of Mg-Al-Ca systems may provide significant improvement in elevated temperature properties due to reduction of volume fraction of Mg17Al12 phase and the formation of Al-Ca and Mg-Ca intermetallic compounds.
Based on the morphology of this compound, its chemical composition and literature data [3] it can be assumed that the fine lamellar precipitates have a hexagonal C14 type crystal structure, however it will be subject of further research.
Two factors indicate that the C36 → C15 transformation in ACJM53 alloy after heat treatment: (i) decreases in the intensity of diffraction lines of C36 phases and increases in the intensity of peaks of C15 phase; (ii) reduction of magnesium content.

Lei Zhu and Ying Fan (2011) calculate the value of cost saving effect and amount of emission reduction in a coal-fired power unit with CCS compared to the existing coal-fired one without CCS.
For individual thermal power generation companies, they may either invest in CCS for reducing CO2 emissions, or purchase allowances to release CO2 emissions, if the former, then they should revenue from selling their emissions reduction, but they firstly need to determine when and which kind of CCS technology they will invest and select.
Because the carbon emissions trading market is a new one, there are not enough relevant data for making of CO2 price projections, so it seems reasonable to assume that CO2 price follows geometric Brown motion that is often used to describe the lone price process, then we express CO2 price motion rule by the following equation in this paper: (1) Where P is CO2 price, the drift, the variance, dw the incremental of standard Wiener process.

Cultures were centrifuged at 7000rpm for 10min and the supernatant was evaluated via a light absorption method and percentage reduction rates were calculated.
The correlation between and [4BS] was thus interpreted by Michaelis-Menten model as following: The apparent maximum specific decolorization rate () estimated from the experiment data was 82.3mg l-1 h-1 and the value of apparent Michaelis constant () was 328.5mg l-1.
So the decolorization reduction rate of 4BS was improved remarkly due to all the above synergistic effects and to finally mineralize completely.

At current, copper and cerium metals with fluorite-type crystal structure have been used to elucidate the reduction characteristics of methane conversion in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) electrodes [4], CO oxidation process in hydrogen-rich streams (CO-PROX) [5], and also been shown to exhibit excellent performance of electrochemistry applications [6].
However, no cytotoxicity effect risk assessment data are available for most fabricate and use metal composites.
Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, “Reduction Characteristics of Copper Oxide in Cerium and Zirconium Oxide Systems,” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 171, June 1998, pp. 13-29, doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00056-8