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Online since: July 2014
Authors: Aleksey V. Ulybin, Alexander V. Puzanov
Grain fillers are mainly inert.
It goes against the necessity to increase the distances to reduce current heterogeneity because of grain fillers.
Therefore, to increase the number of controlled sections, non-destructive testing methods were selected as part of the evaluation, and provided additional information on the condition of the roof structure.
Application of the method has helped to reduce the number of sections with construction integrity, and to secure a large amount of controlled zones.
It goes against the necessity to increase the distances to reduce current heterogeneity because of grain fillers.
Therefore, to increase the number of controlled sections, non-destructive testing methods were selected as part of the evaluation, and provided additional information on the condition of the roof structure.
Application of the method has helped to reduce the number of sections with construction integrity, and to secure a large amount of controlled zones.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Anastasia A. Kransutskaya, Vladislav A. Funtikov, Anthony B. Syritskii, Alexander S. Komshin
Almost each of the presented technologies has a number of limitations associated with the application of additive technologies.
In addition, when processing deep cavities, a number of difficulties arise that require specialized equipment.
The roughness obtained because of the laser polishing process is influenced by the initial parameters of roughness, thermal properties and homogeneity of the material, as well as the average grain size and statistical distribution by the size of the grains in the material.
In addition, when processing deep cavities, a number of difficulties arise that require specialized equipment.
The roughness obtained because of the laser polishing process is influenced by the initial parameters of roughness, thermal properties and homogeneity of the material, as well as the average grain size and statistical distribution by the size of the grains in the material.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Alaa A. Mohammed
For ablation, Nd: YAG laser (wave length 1064 nm, number of laser shots 800 shot, pulse duration 6 ns, and focus 1 mm) was used.
The number of bacteria was estimated by OD method. 3.
The grain size of these layers had a graphical distribution, as depicted in Fig.3-c.
a) b) c) Fig. (3): AFM results for Cp-Ti coated with BG: a) and b) morphology of coating layer, (c) grain size graphical distribution Fig.4 shows that the surface roughness of the coating groups manifested the significantly increasing roughness values compared with that of the uncoated groups.
The number of bacteria was estimated by OD method. 3.
The grain size of these layers had a graphical distribution, as depicted in Fig.3-c.
a) b) c) Fig. (3): AFM results for Cp-Ti coated with BG: a) and b) morphology of coating layer, (c) grain size graphical distribution Fig.4 shows that the surface roughness of the coating groups manifested the significantly increasing roughness values compared with that of the uncoated groups.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Jun Xia Xu, Yi Fan Zhao, Jun Jie Cao
First, because of the growth of number of cities and population, expansion of the size of the industry, the improvement of residents living standard and so on, water consumption on city life and industrial development grew rapidly, increased the demand for agricultural water resources.
Shandong province is one of the major of grain, cotton, oil, vegetables, fruit and so on in the countryside.
Grain, cotton output listed second nationwide.
Quite a number of surface water resource are from rivers runoff.
Shandong province is one of the major of grain, cotton, oil, vegetables, fruit and so on in the countryside.
Grain, cotton output listed second nationwide.
Quite a number of surface water resource are from rivers runoff.
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Chia Wei Hsu, Wan Yu Wu, Jyh Ming Ting
For example, nanoscaled thin metallic films are of great importance in a number of
scientific and technological fields, including microelectronics, optical devices, catalysis, and
chemical and biological sensors [1].
Among all the Ni films, the average grain size is smaller on the quartz substrate than on the other two types of substrates, suggesting a smaller critical nucleation rate and therefore a smaller deposition rate.
For the Pt films, the average grain size is larger on the quartz substrate than on the other two types of substrates, suggesting a larger critical nucleation rate and therefore a higher deposition rate.
Numbers in the parenthesis represent deposition rates that are normalized to the lowest deposition rate in the same column.
Among all the Ni films, the average grain size is smaller on the quartz substrate than on the other two types of substrates, suggesting a smaller critical nucleation rate and therefore a smaller deposition rate.
For the Pt films, the average grain size is larger on the quartz substrate than on the other two types of substrates, suggesting a larger critical nucleation rate and therefore a higher deposition rate.
Numbers in the parenthesis represent deposition rates that are normalized to the lowest deposition rate in the same column.
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Majid Abbasi, S. Kheirandish, Y. Kharrazi, J. Hejazi
With this method, only the
twinning marks and grain boundaries are visible [24].
It is important to note that type of abrasive particles of the wheel, its size and the space between grains, the type of binder, and the strength of wheel are important factors in selection of abrasive wheel [25].
The coefficient of variation is a dimensionless number that is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation (S) to the mean (W ) [13, 26]: V S C W = , (3) () 2 1 1 n i i WW S n = − = − ∑ n=5 for these Tests, (4) () 1 n i i w W n == ∑ . (5) here iW is the ith observed weight loss value, n is the number of repeats of a test (observations) that equal to 5 in this research.
It is important to note that type of abrasive particles of the wheel, its size and the space between grains, the type of binder, and the strength of wheel are important factors in selection of abrasive wheel [25].
The coefficient of variation is a dimensionless number that is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation (S) to the mean (W ) [13, 26]: V S C W = , (3) () 2 1 1 n i i WW S n = − = − ∑ n=5 for these Tests, (4) () 1 n i i w W n == ∑ . (5) here iW is the ith observed weight loss value, n is the number of repeats of a test (observations) that equal to 5 in this research.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: Isabel Gutiérrez, Ane Martínez-de-Guereñu, F. Arizti
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3
A system designed and constructed in the authors' laboratory was used for magnetic
measurements of the ELC steel [12].
The optical microstructural observations carried out after these long low temperature annealings have revealed the initial deformed grains elongated on the rolling direction, without any indication of recrystallization.
a) b) b) a) Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 The increase in the apparent activation energy with increasing amount of recovery is consistent with the assumption that the most severely deformed regions, where the stored energy is the highest, and therefore the activation energy is the lowest, recover first [10].
Byrne, Ch 3, Recovery in: Recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, (The Macmillan Co., New York, 1965), p. 37
The optical microstructural observations carried out after these long low temperature annealings have revealed the initial deformed grains elongated on the rolling direction, without any indication of recrystallization.
a) b) b) a) Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 The increase in the apparent activation energy with increasing amount of recovery is consistent with the assumption that the most severely deformed regions, where the stored energy is the highest, and therefore the activation energy is the lowest, recover first [10].
Byrne, Ch 3, Recovery in: Recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, (The Macmillan Co., New York, 1965), p. 37
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Corina Bokor, Vlad Mureşan, Toderiţa Nemeş, Claudiu Isarie
c) the stage of forming - particles deform, boundaries between grains are developing and the number of pores reduces.
The pores are separated by grain boundary.
The matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector The Mpdx is formed of: - the state vector x(nx1), having a number of (n) lines, equal to the order (PDE); - the vector of partial derivatives of the state vector xT (Nx1), with respect to variable (t); - the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector xS (nxM), with respect to variable (s); - the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector xTS (NxM), with respect to variables (t) and (s); Following the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector Mpdx is a square matrix, size Mpdx (7x7).
The pores are separated by grain boundary.
The matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector The Mpdx is formed of: - the state vector x(nx1), having a number of (n) lines, equal to the order (PDE); - the vector of partial derivatives of the state vector xT (Nx1), with respect to variable (t); - the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector xS (nxM), with respect to variable (s); - the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector xTS (NxM), with respect to variables (t) and (s); Following the matrix of partial derivatives of the state vector Mpdx is a square matrix, size Mpdx (7x7).
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Hong Xia Liu, Xiao Lian Zhang, Jin Liang, Jue Zhang
A large number of studies have shown that[10-12]the quantities, morphology and distribution of α-phase and β-phase have a great influence on alloy corrosion resistance property.
Alloy has good corrosion resistance property if the β-phase has large quantity and continuous uniform distribute in α-phase grain boundary; It can restrain corrosion extend from one α grain to the other one if the β-phase has reticular structure and the larger volume fraction.
The corrosion situation of AZ91DSm1.0-2 is similar to the AZ91DSm1.0-1, the differences are when AZ91DSm1. 0-2 just immerse in 5% NaCl, there are air bubbles as soon as, the quantities of bubbles are rapidly increase with the increasing of immersing time, and accompany by bursts sound, a large number of flocculent white corrosion products soon emerge in NaCl solution.
Alloy has good corrosion resistance property if the β-phase has large quantity and continuous uniform distribute in α-phase grain boundary; It can restrain corrosion extend from one α grain to the other one if the β-phase has reticular structure and the larger volume fraction.
The corrosion situation of AZ91DSm1.0-2 is similar to the AZ91DSm1.0-1, the differences are when AZ91DSm1. 0-2 just immerse in 5% NaCl, there are air bubbles as soon as, the quantities of bubbles are rapidly increase with the increasing of immersing time, and accompany by bursts sound, a large number of flocculent white corrosion products soon emerge in NaCl solution.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Yong Mao, Si Yong Xu, Jun Jie He, Zhen Yong Zhu, Shun Meng Zhang, Kai Xiong
With the increase of undercooling, the cellular growth morphology is more obvious, the structure distribution is more uniform, and the grains are further refined.
Within this range of undercooling, Au phase will nucleate and grow preferentially as primary phase, so a large number of long rod-shaped dendrites appear in the solidified structure.
There are a large number of coarse dendrites in solidified structure when the undercooling is greater than 56 K.
Yang, Non-equilibrium transformation kinetics and primary grain size distribution in the rapid solidification of Fe–B hypereutectic alloy.
Within this range of undercooling, Au phase will nucleate and grow preferentially as primary phase, so a large number of long rod-shaped dendrites appear in the solidified structure.
There are a large number of coarse dendrites in solidified structure when the undercooling is greater than 56 K.
Yang, Non-equilibrium transformation kinetics and primary grain size distribution in the rapid solidification of Fe–B hypereutectic alloy.