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The model provides the ability to assess the effect of material properties, tool and section geometry on deformation of individual cross-sectional members.
For structural shapes, e.g. used in chassis components, productivity and dimensional characteristics of the forming are important factors regarding overall cost-to-quality ratio.
Due to the basic character of the problem to be analyzed herein, material anisotropy is a factor that affects the amount of local deformations in bending.
For example, the sagging of the flange may affect the overall dimensional accuracy of the individual part or the tolerance stack-up if the part is used in an assembly of multiple components.
Once the bend angle was completed, which was controlled by mechanical stops, unloading was performed and the clamp was released by loosening the bolts used to clamp the ends of the profile.

The vibration characteristics depend on a number of factors such as material properties and dimensions of a plate, crack lengths, positions and directions of a crack, and boundary conditions.
The other subject is the local buckling caused by the compressive in-plane stress around the crack that affects on the vibration characteristics.
This permits to rewrite the stiffness matrix as ]_refun K© , in which ]_refuK is a constant matrix determined by the in-plane stress distribution corresponding to some reference tensile load, refP , and n is an increase factor of load.
Vibration characteristics of a cracked plate subjected to tension is predominantly affected by the in-plane stress distribution around a crack.
The suitable number N can be easily determined by checking convergence of the stress intensity factor that can be simultaneously calculated in the stress analysis.

However, the incorporation of composite components in actual service requires good understanding of the processing related structure and its influence on wear and friction properties.
The compatibility of the sliding pair (material composition, compatibility, hardness and chemical activity) or surface conditions (roughness, way of mechanical processing, surface energy, …) strongly influences the wear particle moveability and adhesion to one of the contact bodies.
This means that the orientation of the fibers will play an important extra factor in the wear mechanisms due to the orientation.
A reason why the 45° orientation has the highest coefficient of friction might be due to the fact the in both parallel and perpendicular cases, the pin slides parallel with or over the fibres, while in the 45° case, there is a combined effect of both, parallel and sliding over, resulting in an extra friction factor from the glass-glass couple.
-M., "The friction and wear characteristics of nanometer SiC and PTFE filled PEEK", Wear 243, 140-146 (2000) [15] Lancaster J.K., "Dry bearings: a survey of materials and factors affecting their performance", Tribology 6, 219-251 (1973) [16] Briscoe B.J. and Tabor, D., Fundamentals of Tribology, (Suh and Saka, Cambridge, 1980) 733-758 [17] Yust, C.S., Leitnaker J.M. and Devore C.E., "Wear of an alumina-silicon carbide whisker composite", Wear 122, 151-164 (1988) [18] J.

In the presence of an electric field, the rheological properties of ER fluid dramatically change.
From Eq.2, it is clear that the average size of grinding wheel, rotation speed, grinding depth, and other parameters are important factors which affect optic glass ductile grinding.
It follows from present experimental results that the rotation speed of cone-like tool, the initial clearance between workpiece and tool, and characteristics of abrasive particles are the most important factors that lead to different material removal modes.
Conclusions Experimental study has been carried out to analyze the machining effect affected by some processing parameters.
Lu: The Mechanical Engineer, (2001) No.2.

A Fuzzy Control Simulation about Bearing Residual Magnetic Treatment ZHANG Fa-jun1,a, FANG Wen-jie1,b, ZHOU Chang1, LIU Zhong1 1School of Mechanical & Material Engineering of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China, 443002 adoctorzyy@126.com(corresponding author), bfangwenjie2011@163.com Key words: Bearing; Residual Magnetism; Fuzzy Control Abstract.
Bearing residual magnetism field always was partial point magnetic field, the maximum of these '"point" magnetic field were required to measure[3].Therefore, the size of residual magnetism value was related with the measured distance when measuring bearing residual magnetism, generally the near the distance between detection probe and bearing, the large the average inductive value, so in order to ensure the better control effect of demagnetization, it was selected the size of detection distance as another control input variable in the control input factors.
output factor, it was expressed as U.
Fig.5 The state variable graph on fuzzy Inference Fig.6 Global state graph on fuzzy inference(X, Y, U) Fig.7 Global state graph on fuzzy inference (X, Z, U) Fig.8 Global state graph on fuzzy inference (Y, Z, U) Summary Bearing residual magnetism, detection distance and bearing ring diameter three variable factors as system control input variable based on fuzzy control.
According to fuzzy set theory, three variable factors were conducted with fuzzy subset division definition and treatment.

The particles and moisture are the main factors causing the quality change of hydraulic oil and lubricating oil.
Oil quality is also a factor to reflect the state of the machine running.
Figure 4 Oil particle size line detector Most of these impurities are iron sand and the like, and the mechanical impurities in the additives.
Typically, the mechanical impurities in the lubricating base oil are controlled to 0.005% or less.
The greatest impact on particular matter pollution is lubricating properties.

Mineral filler physical properties.
Modified bitumen properties.
HMA volumetric properties and Mechanical characterizes of the mix at optimum binder content.
HMA volumetric properties Mechanical properties of the mixes at modified and optimum binder content.
Propertyy Test methods Result of test Mechanical properties Marshall Stability 16 KN Marshall Flow 2.9 mm Air void% 3.75 Volumetric Properties V.M.A% 17.4 VFA% 75 5.2 Marshall Stability Test The results are visually displayed and represented graphically.

They are highly sensitive to moisture and lose their thermal insulation properties.
The relevance of developing a mathematical model of fluid transport through porous building materials is driven by several important scientific, practical, and economic factors.
Moisture plays a key role in the physical, mechanical, and thermal insulation properties of building materials.
Water absorption, porosity and moisture diffusion properties for some building materials.
In the future, it is advisable to expand the model taking into account the heterogeneity of the material structure, temperature dependence and the action of variable external factors.

Mechanical jack was used for gradual tensioning and release operations, and the force of 7000lbs was pulled into each wire.
Proposed Qualification Test According to experimental tests the most important concrete factor affecting splitting resistance is the thickness of concrete cover.
If the longitudinal cracks occurred, then changes to the design and material properties should be made before the mass production of the prestressed concrete ties.
· The most important concrete characteristic affecting splitting resistance is the amount of cover provided over exterior prestressing tendons
Bodapati “A Comprehensive Study of Prestressing Steel and Concrete Variables Affecting Transfer Length in Pre-Tensioned Concrete Crossties” Thesis 2019, Kansas State University [7] Matthew Arnold, R.J.

Indeed, a low surface roughness improves the tribological properties, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, and esthetic appeal of the product.
Consequently, the most important tasks in machining processes are measurement and characterization of surface properties.
This cutting temperature may cause several consequences, such as: (i) affecting the strength, hardness, wear resistance, and tool life (ii) difficulty to control the accuracy of the machined piece due to its dimensional changes (iii) causing thermal damage to the workpiece and affecting its properties and service life [5].
Cutting performances in turning process are affected by many parameters: · Cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut; · Cutting tool geometry: nose radius, rake angle, side cutting edge angle, and cutting edge; · Workpiece and tool material combination and their mechanical properties; · Quality and type of the machine tool; · Auxiliary tooling; · Lubricant used; · Vibrations between the workpiece, machine tool, and cutting tool.
This is due to some errors caused by the measurements and other unknown factors.