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It can be seen that the reinforcement ratio is the main factor affecting the recycled concrete beam stiffness.
Besides, because at higher stress the bond properties of the reinforcement steel and the recycled concrete reduced than that of the reinforcement steel and the ordinary reinforced concrete [12-13], the actual stiffness of the components is lower than the theoretical value.
iii.After checking calculation of the recycled concrete beam deflection after reinforced concrete cracking and before longitudinal carrying reinforce steel yielding, according to the relative capacity stiffness correction factor (αB) in this paper, corrected the short-term stiffness (Bs) in GB50010.
Takahisa: Flexural properties of reinforced recycled concrete beams.
Yang: Study of feasibility and mechanical properties for producing high-flowing concrete with recycled cause aggregates, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology (China 2004).

It is known that the mechanism as well as the terms of structure formation dramatically affect the composition of the final binder system.
Traditional binding systems such as Portland cement, gypsum, lime cement are thoroughly studied in terms of phase- and structure formation taking into account various contributing factors [1–6].
The appearance of new thermal resistance properties of CNGSB system associated with the formation of well-structured dense matrix due to a combined action of two structure formation mechanisms: polymerization-polycondensation and hydration.
The mechanical and physical performance of the binder cured in ambient conditions shown in Table 1.
Evtushenko Study of Artificial Ceramic Binder Properties in the System Al2O3–SiO2–SiC, Refractories and Industrial Ceramics. 57(5) (2017) 526–530

Severe chemical inhomogeneity caused by macrosegregation occurred in the castings are deleterious for key mechanical properties of the components such as impact toughness, fatigue resistance, tensile strength, and it is impossible to eliminate them by any available thermo-mechanical treatment route [3, 4].
In order to produce steel castings without substantial levels of macrosegregation of alloying and with improved mechanical properties, it is necessary to develop a technique for achieving improved casting macrostructure in which area fraction of an equiaxed grain zone with finer grain structure would be maximized while a columnar grain zone would be minimized or eventually removed [5].
Hence, for elucidating mechanisms behind the disappearance of interdendritic shrinkage porosity associated with the addition of Ce in 42CrMo4Ce steel, it is necessary to consider the possible effects of the added Ce on the above mentioned factors.
Because there are important contributions of these two factors to the nucleation rates for heterogeneous nucleation [21], the dissolved Ce can have also substantial influence on the enhancement of grain structure in 42CrMo4Ce steel sample.
(5) The observed positive effects of Ce addition on solidification macro- and microstructure suggested that mischmetal addition can be considered as a potential solution for achieving better structural homogeneity and improved mechanical properties of heavy-weight castings of 42CrMo4 steel grade.

PVdF was chosen as polymer matrix in this research due to its advantages compared to the other polymers such as higher dipole moment and dielectric constant, which are important factor in lithium salt ionization.
In addition, PVdF is also superior in the electrolyte-electrode interaction, and the existence of -C-F- bond has strong properties in attracting electron. [5] Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is one of electrolyte salts that is widely used in commercial lithium-ion battery.
Particle agglomeration affecting the amount of pore formation can be seen in Fig. 2(c).
However, this might be undesirable because the mechanical strength of the solid polymer electrolyte system would be compromised.
Cheng, Comparison of the electrochemical properties of LiBOB and LiPF6 in electrolytes for LiMn2O4/Li cells, J.

Conventional joining techniques like welding and brazing often result in undesired outcomes such as distortion, residual stresses, and diminished mechanical properties within the heat-affected zone.
Moreover, the application of cold/heat temperature processing techniques has gained attention for improving the mechanical properties of stainless-steel joints.
Heat temperature processing, on the other hand, involves heat treatment to relieve residual stresses and further improve the mechanical properties of the joints [17].
The factors were varied at specific levels to capture a comprehensive range of conditions.
Conversely, cold temperature processing induced more subtle deformations and grain transformations, albeit still influencing the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.

Mechanical jack was used for gradual tensioning and release operations, and the force of 7000lbs was pulled into each wire.
Proposed Qualification Test According to experimental tests the most important concrete factor affecting splitting resistance is the thickness of concrete cover.
If the longitudinal cracks occurred, then changes to the design and material properties should be made before the mass production of the prestressed concrete ties.
· The most important concrete characteristic affecting splitting resistance is the amount of cover provided over exterior prestressing tendons
Bodapati “A Comprehensive Study of Prestressing Steel and Concrete Variables Affecting Transfer Length in Pre-Tensioned Concrete Crossties” Thesis 2019, Kansas State University [7] Matthew Arnold, R.J.

Introduction The technique of high-power laser induced shock waves has been widely investigated to improve material properties, such as the resistance properties of materials to fatigue, wear and corrosion etc since 1970s [1,2].
In this paper, the mechanism of laser peen forming of sheet metal is analyzed firstly, then a series of experimental of line-track-peening is carried out with specimens of 45 steel sheets, the surface quality and forming properties are investigated fundamentally.
The specimen used in the experimental was 45 steel with dimensions of 60mm™40mm™2.0 mm, its mechanical and physical properties is shown in the Table 1, The deformation of specimen contour after laser peening was measured by Taylor Hobson contour meter, and the residual stress of the sheet was measured using x-ray diffraction method.
Table 1 Properties of 45 steel specimen Mechanical properties Physical properties Thickness [mm] Yield strength [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] Hardness [ HB] Elastic mould [GPa] Density [kg/m 3 ] Thermal conduction [W/m 0C] 2.0 352 597 241 201 7810 48.15 (a) Fixture sketch (b) Laser peening path Fig.3 Experimental scheme of laser peen forming Results and Discussion Laser peening was carried out at one, two and three pass along the line path, each pass was consisted of ten laser shot peening.
The sheet metal responds to this residual stress by elongating at the peened surface and effectively bending the overall shape, it is a mechanical process, not a thermal process.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Dielectric Elastomer Unimorph Cantilever Fan Liu1, a, Ling Zhang*1,b, Jinxiong Zhou1,c, Na Ni1,d, Yin Wang1,e 1State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China a kinter616@163.com, b zhangl@mail.xjtu.edu.cn, c jxzhouxx@mail.xjtu.edu.cn, dkoreawind@gmail.com, e nina1987910@163.com Keywords: Dielectric elastomer; Unimorph; Voltage; Tip-deflection; Polycarbonate Abstract.
Besides, the bending and tip-deflection are still common used properties in many unimorph applications, and they also seriously affect the performance and reliability.
The material properties and geometry parameters for active layer are such that =8.85e-12 F/m, =3.63, =45e3Pa, =1.35e5Pa, =0.05m and 0.75m, =0.01m, =0.5e-3m.
And the properties for polycarbonate layer [8] is =2.41e9Pa, =0.05m and 0.75m, =0.01m, =0.2e-3m
And the relative errors between experimental and theoretical values mainly come from the following factors: the gravity of unimorph, the thickness of the electrode, the blank area around electrodes and the error induced by the signal generator and amplifier.

Taking advantage of optical fibers’ properties and behavior, such as easy interaction with other materials, small size, low weight, corrosion resistance, geometrical flexibility and an inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, there is potential in adopting the Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) for structural health monitoring systems.
The equation basically consists of the physical parameters, which affect the change of state of both the host specimen and the optical fibers.
In summary, the sensor equation has integrated parameters such as stress intensity factor, host specimen geometry, optical fiber gauge length, strain and diameter, and they were experimentally validated.
The set up consists of mechanical equipments for crack formation under tension of the specimen and devices for the optical measurements.
Fig. 3 CPDS set up during the mechanical deformation test.

The main effect factors of the continuously variable speed performance and output torque are obtained.
This paper aims at the exploration and study on the motion properties by applying virtual prototype technology to obtain the curve of the dynamics characteristics and make a good study of the step-less speed change performance of the system.
The input rotation speed becomes a vital element that affects the output torque.
Mechanical Design and Research, Vol. 17-3 (2001),p. 40-43.
Agricultural Mechanical Journal, Vol. 31-2 (2000),p. 9-11