Search results

In a Cartesian coordinate system where the origin is fixed at the center of the wafer, the three components [ x(t), y(t), z(t) ] of a grain position at grinding time t , or the cutting path is specified as [3]; (1) where the matrices A and D respectively represent the rotations of wafer and wheel, and are given as; (2) while matrices B and C respectively express the tilts of wafer around X-axis and Y-axis, and are given as; (3) Cutting path density.
In the area where the wafer radius is [r2, r2 + dr2], the cutting path density d(r2), or the length of cutting path per unit area, is defined as; (4) where m is the number of the effective cutting edge involved in cutting path generation and given as m = m0 × n1 / n2 (m0 is the number of effective cutting edge on the working surface of the wheel).

The dynamic component is computed as the product of the pile velocity times the damping factor (a soil parameter related to soil grain size).
Table 1 Stratum character serial number Stratum name Average thickness(m) serial number Stratum name Average thickness(m) ① silty clay 3.92 140 ⑤ Medium-Coarse sand 6.78 230 ② silty clay 4.77 150 ⑥ silty clay 5.90 250 ③ medium sand 3.30 180 ⑦ medium-Coarse sand 6.42 310 ④ silty clay 5.29 170 ⑧ Coarse sand 4.37 320 4.2.1 Static load test results analysis Chart 1 shows the Q～s curve and chart 2 shows the s～lgt curve.

Table I: Main Geometrical Features of The Analyzed Barrel Denominator Value Diameter [mm] 1000 1000 (2D simulation) Length [mm] Blade angle 36 degree Number of blades 10 As the aim of the present work was to reproduce the operation of a rotating machine, the use of moving sub-grids was necessary.
Table 3.1: Summary of material options for model turbine blades Material Comments Disposition Solid Wood Difficult to maintain isotropic structure due to grain structure of wood Not used Laminated wood Labour-intensive but cheap.
DESIGN DIMENSIONS Figure 5.1 Flow analysis for flow velocity 0.5m/s (pipe) Length= 1000 mm Diameter=1000 mm Number of blades= 12 Type of foil = newly designed Chord length, C= 16.19 mm Blade inclination angle, φ, from the horizontal, where φ = tan-1(nlπd) = tan-1(37.68) = 89.90 Solidity, σ, defined as σ = nCπd = 610.0392 The heb turbine design described in this report has a diameter of 1 m and a length of 1 m.

., reduction of the parameter Ra) was replaced by a rational regulation of complex parameters (Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rvk, Rpk, Rk, tp), which is possible only with the use of a number of processing technologies such as honing or surface plastic deformation or another advanced technology technique [2].
Moreover, quite a number of factors for variations destabilize purely experimentally obtained models, which demonstrates their usefulness in each case, but leads to a need for the recycle experiments changing the input parameters.
In mathematical modeling of the original surface forming process appropriately addressed as a stochastic impact of abrasive grains on a surface of the workpiece [3].

Based on XRD analysis, the powders were examined for their morphology and grain size using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (Model JEOL JSM-7600F, FEI Co., Japan).
However, small peaks of MgNb2O6 or MgNb2O3.67 phase were found, which could be matched with JCPDS file numbers 33-0875 of 25-0525 and became stronger as increasing the calcination temperature to 800℃.
EDX analysis using a 20 nm probe from a large number of particles of calcined powders was listed in Table 1.

This surface was prepared by a vitrified bonded diamond grinding wheel with a grit number # 100.
As the work material during the constant-pressure grinding is always in contact with wheel working area, the diamond particles on PCD has been removed by the diamond abrasive grain accompanying by the temperature rising in the contact area.
Figure 6(b) indicates that the number of these pores has obviously reduced in the UV-polishing.

There are a large number of input parameters in the ultrasonic lapping process which will have influences on machining efficiency, machined surface quality, achievable form accuracy.
These process parameters are implemented through reducing tool diameter, abrasive grain size, and vibration amplitude to the microscale.
The reason is that line speeds greater with the Fig.2 MRR comparison plate rotation speed faster lead to the friction intensified and the number of effective abrasive increased .

The volume of volume fraction of the primary solid is 25.58%, and the total number of primary phase is 201, which is directly calculated by LabVIEW and IMAQ Vision.
The number of extra large and small particles is few.
This semi-solid alloy has the typical feature, lack of large dendritic forms, small and uniform primary grain size, which should exhibit beneficial properties

The grain size of the LCMO thin films is about 100nm.
However, the resistance value at the high resistance state after being stimulated by a negative pulse decreased gradually with the increase of pulse number applied.
Fig.5 shows the relationship between the resistance and pulse number applied where the pulse voltage was fixed at 5 V to an as-prepared sample.
The pulse number needed for maintaining about 150 kΩ resistance increased with the circle number.
Resistance vs applied pulse number for Ag-La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-Pt sandwich.

A number of particles were sectioned to confirm repeatability of the results.
This was due to the directional deformation in the grains which is enhanced by using channelling contrast.
As the number of contact cycles progresses, plastic strain accumulates and surface temperature rises which leads to further oxidation.
As expected, hardness increased with an increase in the number of cycles due to development of the work hardened layer.
Furthermore, this study showed the development of the deformed hardened layer over a number of cycles.