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The refined mesh was used in the region of heat affect zone and near welding line.
Fig.2 Mesh of finite element model Material model Cr5Mo steel thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties can be calculated by theory of reference [14, 15].
This shows that welding residual stress is an important factor of deciding the tube welded joint creep strain.
Mechanical material data manual [M].
China Mechanical Engineering, 2000, 11 (7): 732-734

The effects of the annealing time on the pore structure, open porosity and mechanical property of porous ceramics were investigated.
It is acknowledged that the properties of porous ceramics are highly dependent on pore structure, such as open porosity, pore size distribution, and pore orientation [13].
[4] Rubing Zhang, Daining Fang, Microstructure and properties of highly porous Y2SiO5 ceramics produced by a new water-based freeze casting, Materials&Design. 46(2013) 746-750
Novel nanoporous silica aerogel impregnated highly porous ceramics with low thermal conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties, Scripta Materialia. 68(2013) 599-602
Zhu, Properties of porous alumina ceramics prepared by technique combining cold-drying and sintering, Int.

According to statistics, the cracking in castings is rarely caused by a purely mechanical damage or external force, which only counts for 2%, while being dominantly caused by internal stress counted for 98% [1, 2].
Previous study [3] has indicated that the impurities in the steel are the most important factor leading to cracking in the cast steel and have a significant influence on quality and mechanical properties of the steel, thus should be controlled strictly.
Fig.9 Inclusions of casting Samples A (a), B (b), C (c), D (d) and E (e) In non-metallic inclusions, sulfide is an important factor resulting in cracking in steel castings.
(2) In investment steel castings, the content of RE added to 30CrMnSi steel has a significant influence on final sulfur content, the morphology, size and distribution of proeutectoid ferrite and inclusions, thus greatly affects the crack tendency
Research on Iron and Steel, 4 (1999), p.60-64 [10] Shu Delin: Metal Mechanical Properties.

Spray Characteristics of Swirl Effervescent Injector in Rocket Application: A Review Zulkifli Abdul Ghaffar1,a, Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid2,b and Mohd Syazwan Firdaus Mat Rashid3,c 1,2,3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia azulkiflighaffar@gmail.com, bhussein@salam.uitm.edu.my, cmohd.syazwan.firdaus@gmail.com Keywords: swirl effervescent, spray cone angle, breakup length, SMD Abstract.
Injector design is a major issue in thrust chamber design since it will greatly affects the liquid rocket performances.
Rahman [3] has stated that the resultant spray characteristics of effervescent atomization could be influenced by several factors such as liquid types, liquid physical properties, operating parameters (GLR, injection pressure), injector internal geometry and gas properties (bubble size, flow regimes).
Kushari, A Controllable Twin-Fluid Internally Mixed Swirl Atomizer, Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering. 1 (2008) 45-50 [2] George P.
[10] Sam-Goo and Lee, Experimental investigation of mixing-enhanced swirl flows, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 22 (2008) 2509-2515

Cartilage lesions frequently result in pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms such as locking and catching that substantially reduce the patient’s quality of life [4].
Osteoarthritis (OA), the syndrome of joint pain and dysfunction caused by joint degeneration, affects more people than any other joint disease.
In recent decades numerous studies related to tissue engineering have shown that the combination of cells, bioactive molecules (growth factors, cytokines, and fragments of polymers) and scaffolds (biomaterials) function as an outline for the newly-formed tissue, facilitating interaction, proliferation and tissue differentiation [11].
The efficiency of these multiphase materials is due to the mechanical properties of bioceramics (compressive strength) associated with water-soluble polymers considered good ionic carriers that help in the formation of a new extracellular matrix support[13].
Conclusion The composite of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and a bioceramic (biphasic calcium phosphate-BCP) in the form of a hydrogel, under the conditions studied, provided adequate injectable properties and non-toxic response, which demonstrate the potential of the material to be used for repair of articular cartilage.

Experimental methods The mechanical properties and hardness profiles of test materials were determined in tensile and hardness tests.
Tensile test results indicated that the elongation properties are similar between the test materials.
In this case, the elasticity of the tools does not affect the results.
Because of the above-mentioned factors, the elongations are higher than the ones measured by the displacement sensor.
Also, a bad painting affected the results.

Numerical Simulation Research of aerosol Cooling Dongmei Zhua, Guoyong Liub and Shaojun Zhangc School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China azsdmm@163.com, bgy_liu666@163.com, csjzhang@me.ustb.edu.cn Key words: Aerosol cooling, Quenching, Numerical simulation Abstract.
The properties of mixture, such as density, viscosity, specific heat, etc., rely on each component properties.
Fluid properties change with temperature change, so the temperature sub-linear function is used.
Fig. 5 Heat transfer coefficient curves Fig. 6 Heat transfer coefficient curves under different mass flow under different particle diameter Four main factors that affect droplet size are nozzle type, flow rate, injection pressure and spray shape.

Aluminium is one of the lightest engineering metals, having a strength to weight ratio superior to steel. [2] By utilising various combinations of its advantageous properties such as strength, lightness, corrosion resistance, recyclability and formability, aluminium is being employed in an ever-increasing number of applications.
The properties of the various aluminium alloys has resulted in aluminium being used in industries as diverse as transport, food preparation, energy generation, packaging, architecture, and electrical transmission applications.[1] Depending upon the application, aluminium can be used to replace other materials like copper, steel, zinc, tin plate, stainless steel, titanium, wood, paper, concrete and composites.[1] There are numerous researches in cutting of aluminum and its alloys.
Hence, achieving the desired surface quality is of great importance for the functional behavior of mechanical parts.
Surface roughness is used as the critical quality indicator for the machined surfaces and it affects the several properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, coefficient of friction, lubrication, heat transmission, wear rate and corrosion resistance of the machined parts. [3] From the data collection it has been observed that the increase in cutting speed tends to improve the finish, thus the average surface roughness value decreases. [4] Depth of cut has the greatest effect on surface roughness and that an increase in the depth of cut increases the surface roughness and vice-a-versa.
To obtain a reduced number of trails a central composite design (CCD) with three factors was used: the cutting speed, feed per revolution and depth of cut.

Particles Movement Analysis of Rotary Kiln for Calcination of Selenium Dioxide Based on EDEM Ping Xu 1,a, Ming Cheng1,b ,Wei Li2.c and Ye Zhang2,d 1Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,650093 2Rare-Noble Metals Plant, Daye Nonferrous Metals Co.Ltd., Huangshi, China,435005 a 2208272162@qq.com, b 252926565@qq.com, c 313901217@qq.com, d 344121082@qq.com Keywords: Rotary kiln, Screw, Discrete element method, Particles axial movement Abstract.
Particles movement situation in the rotary kiln can be affected by various factors.
Two kind of materials were defined including the "steel" and the "mud" and the parameters of related physical properties were also defined.
After clicking on "Calculate Properties" button, particles mass, volume and moment of inertia could be automatically calculated.
The volume attributes, the material properties and center of mass of data could be also defined in the "Details" tab.

Introduction The microstructure control using texture has been frequently used to improve the mechanical or functional properties of metallic material.
The grain boundary migration behavior depends on various factors such as misorientation angle, temperature, driving force, impurity, etc.
where M is the mobility of the grain boundary migration, γg.b. the grain boundary energy and f(α) the magnification factor which is functionally related to the angle α[1, 2].
Further, cumulative anneals were conducted on each specimens, with the mechanical polishing and the annealing to remove the strain introduced by mechanical polishing.
It has been revealed that the migration in grain boundary was strongly affected by impurities in raw materials[5].