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There is a central island between the two tunnel junctions, its three electrodes are source electrode, drain electrode and grid electrode which used to control electron number of quantum dot.
depends on transmission coefficient of barrier to electron wave and the number of independent electron wave modes.
For current to flow the number of electrons on the droplet must fluctuate between N and N+1.
Its basic structural scheme is shown in Fig. 5, the nanometer crystal grain (quantum dot) is placed in oxidizing layer which is between channel of MOSFET structure and control gate.
When eliminate the dependence on variable, the equation is simplified as: (2) N is the number of electrons in quantum dot, is the total capacitance of quantum dot.

Additive Manufacturing by means of laser irradiation of powder bed is receiving increasing interest in many industrial fields thanks to a number of benefits including the opportunity of producing complex, accurate components with optimized physical and mechanical features.
Introduction New methods of manufacturing are receiving special interest since a number of advantages are provided in comparison with conventional technologies.
Pre-alloyed, virgin, commercial argon gas atomized powder, 20 µm mean grain size, corresponding to the standard nominal chemical composition of Inconel 718 has been used; 20 µm thick layers have been laid by a brush recoater in inert argon atmosphere to prevent oxidation.

Animal preparation 52 adult male Wistar rats, license number: SCXK (Lu) 20090001, were not carried out treadmill exercise before.
Smaller muscle was quickly cut into the size of a grain rice tissue blocks (about 1mm in diameter), drawn into a concentration of 3.5% glutaraldehyde fixative fixed overnight(prepared for electron microscopy). 2.3.
However, mitochondrial structure fully restored and the number gradually returned to normal levels ( Figure 11). 3.4.
The proteins number of decreased and increased expression were not different obviously from 0h to 24h and the decreased proteins number was more than number of increased proteins obviously at 72h after repeated motion.
The proteins number of decreased and increased expression were not different obviously from 0h to 24h and the decreased proteins number was more than number of increased proteins obviously at 72h after repeated motion.

The deterioration of most physical properties was associated with the increase number of weathering grade.
Physical characteristics of the sandstone in the study area are generally light grey to yellowish in colour and have very fine to medium sized grain [3].

This procedure was repeated until the number of desired layers, namely: 5, 10 and 15 of (TiO2/PAA)/PDDA were achieved.
After irradiating, the 5:1 and 2:1 solutions showed fine-grained particulates settling while that of the 1:3 TiO2: PAA solution have thread-like precipitates.
It was found that the opacity of the film formed increases as the number of layers deposited increase.
Due to the small number of layers deposited, the 5 layered film has the greatest roughness.
AFM imaging showed that as the number of films constructed increase, the smoothness of the surface also increases.

The number of isothermal lines, the number of nodal points, the number of elements, and all the transformation functions are the same in the input TTT diagrams and in the virtual TTT diagrams calculated by the regression.
The number of the isothermal lines is 35 in every TTT diagram.
The interval numbers and the interval steps are also equal in every presented case.
Nr. of cases Data type Mark of the steels Figure numbers Taust.
The virtual TTT diagrams can show the influence of the independent parameters (concentration of elements, austenitisation temperature, grain size etc.)

China's existing cultivated land is around 182 million mu, and statistics show that in 2006, more than 4.6 million mu were occupied, while actually the number might be more than that.
China's total grain output in 2007 was restored to that of 1996, but the population increased by 100 million.
After the eruption of the international financial crisis, the government has taken a number of employment support policies to facilitate the employment of college graduates and stabilize the employment of migrant workers.
In rural towns, the average number of health practitioners in the 1970s was 3.5 million people, while in the 1980s,it dropped to 2.5 million people and has even reduced to less than half a million people recently.
According to the World Health Organization, in the western Pacific region, the average number of health workers per thousand people is 5.8, while by the end of 2005, the average numbers of medical personnel and professional health workers per thousand people in Chinese cities were 4.96 and 2.16 respectively and the average number of rural doctors and health workers per thousand rural people was only 1.05.

According to the established reconfigurable analysis models, assuming that the system state set corresponding to the network topology in abnormal environment ( number of nodes, m said the number of edges), among them, the part of the state transition relationship is shown in Fig. 3.
The redundancy of the network structure can be defined as the excess number of edges in the graph (the actual number of edges with minimum connected the difference between the number of edges of the tree) with the ratio of the number of edges in same size completely diagram.
Fine-grained adaptive user interface for personalization of a word processor: Principles and a preliminary study[C].

Defects of less than 0.1mm, in general, will be a single dispersed, the number is generally small.
With one exception, once such pinhole concentrated, the number may be ten thousand square meters or more and evenly distributed.
Another reason is that on the basis of the small casting zone, the process of cold-rolled annealing is improper and result in the roughening of the stock grain boundary.
This is why there are strict requirements on the number of pinholes in the high-grade light gauge foil and the civil aluminum foil used hot-rolled wool.
Fourth, take appropriate methods to improve the density and uniformity of the organization of casting and rolling board, can effectively reduce the size and number of pinholes.

Under the action of the electric field, the insulation will be polarized, a little electronic can cross through the grain boundary or the impurity defect of the insulation and form the leakage current.
Acknowledgment This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (the Grant Number 61106110，51105263，51105262), the National Project (the Grant Number 2012AA040404, 2011ZX04013-012), the Funds of the State Key Lab of Fluid Power Transmission and Control (the Grant Number GZKF- 201028) , State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology(the Grant Number SKT1004), the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (the Grant Number 2012M511316), and The Jiangsu Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund (the Grant Number 1102162C).