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The increasing need for micro scale products or micro scale components made out of brittle and hard to machined materials can no longer be manufactured by conventional machining methods [1].
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 98(5-8), 2031–2055. doi:10.1007/s00170018-2359-1 [5] Ding, H., Chen, S.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 53(9-12), 1075–1079.doi:10.1007/s00170-010-2903-0 [6] I Rasidi, I., Rafai, N.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 100, 012057. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/100/1/012057 [7] Shahriar Kouravand & Behnam Moetakef Imani (2014) Developing A Surface Roughness Model for End-Milling of Micro-Channel, Machining Science and Technology: An International Journal, 18:2, 299-321, DOI: 10.1080/10910344.2014.897846 [8] Malekian, M., Mostofa, M.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(3), 553–559.doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.05.022 [9] De Oliveira, F.

Table 1 Material composition Function Material Molecular formula Mass percent Base material Sodium acetate trihydrate CH3COONa·3H20 95.46% Additive Sodium carboxymethylcellulose C8H11O5Na 1.67% Sodium pyrophosphate Na4P2O7·10H2O 0.96% Rehydration Water H2O 1.91% The composition of the phase-change material used in the experiment rig was shown in Table 1.
Acknowledgements The support from the Construction Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen City, China was ackowledged.
Journal of refrigeration, 2005, 26(3):22-25
Theory and application of thermal storage of phase change materials[M].
Hefei: University of science and technology of China press, 1996:37-40

Materials and Test Methods Materials Fly Ash (FA) Fly Ash is used as a raw material for the production of geopolymer concrete in this study.
[6] P Duxson, A Fernández-Jiménez, J.L Provis., G.C Lukey, A Palom and J.S.J. van Deventer, Geopolymer technology: The current state of the art, Journal of Materials Science (2007)
Materials Journal 101.6 (2004): 467-472
Subramanaian, Energy Efficient Production of Geopolymer Bricks using Industrial waste, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 872 (2020), 012154
Analytical Study on Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams by ANSYS. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. (2018).

Many analytical models such as Tetrakaidecahedral model and Voronoi tessellation model have been proposed for the elastic properties of cellular materials.
We can use simple models to predict the properties of porous materials.
Gibson: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 270(1999) , p.113 [3] Y.A.
Zhang: Journal of Functional Materials Vol. 37(2006) , p.247
Garboczi: Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids Vol. 50(2002) , p.30

Experiments Materials CYD-127 epoxy resin was supplied by Yueyang Petro-Chemical Company, and the curing agent WK6821, modified polyethylene polyamine, was purchased from Wells King Company.
Woldesenbet, Microballoon wall thickness effects on properties of syntactic foams, Journal of Cellular Plastics. 6(2004) 461-480
Part 1: Microscopic characterization of the failure zones, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2(2005) 673-679
Sankaran, Effects of microballoons’ size and content in epoxy on compressive strength and modulus, Journal of Materials Science. 22(2006) 7459-7465
Gupta, Effect of polydispersivity and porosity on the elastic properties of hollow particle filled composites, Mechanics of Materials. 7(2010) 726-739

ZnO particles have important applications in catalysis and photosensitive materials.
Experimental 2.1 Materials Zinc oxide powders (with an average diameter of 86μm) was purchased from Xi 'an Jinhui Chemicals.
Li: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering Vol 41 (2004), p. 199
Kulozik: Journal of Membrane Science Vol. 220 (2003), p. 5
Murakami: Nature Materials Vol. 12 (2006), p. 865

This device enables in situ and real time studies on bulk transparent materials.
Conclusion The properties of structural materials are largely determined by the solid microstructure so that the understanding of the fundamental physics of microstructure formation is critical in the engineering of materials.
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Trivedi: Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 240 (2002) p. 560 [7] S.C.
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Materials Today Energy, 9(2018), 83-113 [3] S.
Optical Materials, 102(2020), 1-11 [8] DN Hikmah, DK Sandi, F.
Materials. 11(2018), 646 [16] M.
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 47(2016), 25-31 [18] H.
Optical Materials, 136 (2023), 1-9 [19] X.

However, thermoforming trays are made of plastic materials and are disposable packaging.
Protection and preservation function of these containers in terms of gas and moisture barrier, odor and taste barrier, or safety protection from microorganism are necessary, therefore the usage of packaging made of polymer materials cannot be avoided.
Trade-off between a significant function of food protection using plastic packages and the environmental impact has continued until the substitute packaging materials like biomaterials could not overcome.
[ 5 ] Nam, G.J., Ahn, K.H., and Polymer Engineering Science, 2000; 40:2232
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The material used for the simulation was low carbon steel with thickness of 4 mm.
Table 1: Chemical composition of material.
This research is financially sponsored by E-Science MOSTI Malaysia Project (Nr: 03-01-01-SF0355).
Bergheau: Prediction of welding residual distortions of large structures using a local/global approach, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 21 (2007), p. 1700-1706
Pönisch: Application of weding simulation for chassis components within the development of manufacturing methods, Computational Materials Science, 28 (2003), p. 540-547