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Online since: February 2013
Authors: Piotr Kędziora, Marek Barski, Małgorzata Chwał
Theoretically, CNTs based nanocomposites may have very high mechanical properties with very low weight.
Unfortunately, like in every composite material also in nanocomposites the high mechanical properties of reinforcements are only partially transferred to overall composite's mechanical properties.
Their specific mechanical and electronic properties make them useful for future high strength/modulus materials and nanodevices.
M., Rafiee R., A review of the mechanical properties of isolated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composites, Mech.
[17] Muc A., Design and identification methods of effective mechanical properties for carbon nanotubes, Mat.
Unfortunately, like in every composite material also in nanocomposites the high mechanical properties of reinforcements are only partially transferred to overall composite's mechanical properties.
Their specific mechanical and electronic properties make them useful for future high strength/modulus materials and nanodevices.
M., Rafiee R., A review of the mechanical properties of isolated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composites, Mech.
[17] Muc A., Design and identification methods of effective mechanical properties for carbon nanotubes, Mat.
Online since: November 2021
Authors: Wassana Wichai, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Pornpen Tantivitayakul, Nattakan Traitanon, Primana Punnakitikashem, Phetladda Pannak Whitis
Interproximal cleaning is an important form of oral self-care habits, considering such areas of the dentition are easily affected by caries.
AuNPs have many interesting properties, such as ease of preparation and modification, biocompatible, and nontoxic to human cells.[10,11] Previous study showed that small-sized AuNPs (22-52 nm) have an increase likelihood to penetrate through bacterial cell membrane.
This also can be described that the particle size and surface charge are ones of the important factors to improve the antibacterial property of nanomaterials.[23] The smaller particles with the larger surface area can adhere more to bacterial membrane, thus inhibiting bacterial growth.[24] As regarding incorporated dental floss, previous studies reported the fluoride impregnated dental floss by Chaet et al.[25] and Keene et al.[26] but there have been no report involving nanoparticles impregnated dental floss.
Further study could focus on associated toxicity, comparison with physical and mechanical properties to similar products in the market.
This information can serve for future development of dental floss product with antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties.
AuNPs have many interesting properties, such as ease of preparation and modification, biocompatible, and nontoxic to human cells.[10,11] Previous study showed that small-sized AuNPs (22-52 nm) have an increase likelihood to penetrate through bacterial cell membrane.
This also can be described that the particle size and surface charge are ones of the important factors to improve the antibacterial property of nanomaterials.[23] The smaller particles with the larger surface area can adhere more to bacterial membrane, thus inhibiting bacterial growth.[24] As regarding incorporated dental floss, previous studies reported the fluoride impregnated dental floss by Chaet et al.[25] and Keene et al.[26] but there have been no report involving nanoparticles impregnated dental floss.
Further study could focus on associated toxicity, comparison with physical and mechanical properties to similar products in the market.
This information can serve for future development of dental floss product with antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Mei Qi Liu, Yue Feng, Mei Xia Qiao, Jie Wang
To carry out the simulation experiment, the results show that the proposed controller can guarantee that the system has better dynamic and static properties, error convergence rate is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the Potter diagram frequency, that in the middle and low frequency zero phase shift zero gain, high frequency amplitude fast decay, restrain the resonance peak value, reaching zero phase shift effect, system uses Notch functions and two order low pass filter superimposed structure , the Notch function expression for: The Notch function has periodic notch characteristics, its specific frequency attenuation rate is far greater than the 2 order filter, and on the adjacent frequency gain affects less than 2 order filter, if the coefficient is appropriate, the function also has a zero phase shift characteristic.
In the middle and low band gain of 0, the phase difference is zero, so that the system has better stability and convergence; High frequency phase difference is existent, but high frequency signal attenuation is very large, does not affect system performance.
After system input rectifier, using unidirectional half-bridge inverter output structure, power tube using IGBT, switching frequency 20kHz, ignore rectifying filtering, inverse peak voltage network so that can absorption secondary factors, system parameters as the input AC voltage 220V.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.vol. 2, pp. 134-136, February 2002
In order to achieve the Potter diagram frequency, that in the middle and low frequency zero phase shift zero gain, high frequency amplitude fast decay, restrain the resonance peak value, reaching zero phase shift effect, system uses Notch functions and two order low pass filter superimposed structure , the Notch function expression for: The Notch function has periodic notch characteristics, its specific frequency attenuation rate is far greater than the 2 order filter, and on the adjacent frequency gain affects less than 2 order filter, if the coefficient is appropriate, the function also has a zero phase shift characteristic.
In the middle and low band gain of 0, the phase difference is zero, so that the system has better stability and convergence; High frequency phase difference is existent, but high frequency signal attenuation is very large, does not affect system performance.
After system input rectifier, using unidirectional half-bridge inverter output structure, power tube using IGBT, switching frequency 20kHz, ignore rectifying filtering, inverse peak voltage network so that can absorption secondary factors, system parameters as the input AC voltage 220V.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.vol. 2, pp. 134-136, February 2002
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Dong Mei Liu, Xiao Juan Wang, Xiu Hua Fu, Shuai Wang, Yong Gang Pan
On the basis of the analysis of the periodic multilayer dielectric high-reflective film and the beam splitter, to meet the special requirements for the filter film of the optical prismatic system, this article takes some related research on the optical properties of materials, coating design, technological parameters and so on, including two highlights: 1)the design problem of wide band, high precision high-reflective film and the beam splitter;2)the absorption problem of multilayer dielectric film.
In the process of film design system, the selection of coating materials is based on technical requirements and material characteristics (such as transparency, dispersion and absorption characteristics of materials, mechanical stability and chemical stability, etc.) to be comprehensively considered.
Therefore, in the condition of the film not affecting the center wavelength of reflectance, we add MgF2 of a half of design wavelength physical thickness to broaden the zone of reflections, meanwhile in order to make beam correspond to the require of 2:1, we optimize the film system further, and finally the structure is below:Sub|1.79A1.01H1.10L1.08H0.33L 0.35H2.12L|Sub, in which H-Ti3O5, L-SiO2, A- MgF2.
By the way, we use Kaufman ion beam source as assistance during the deposition, it can improve the film’s intensity and enhance the Optical and mechanical properties of the film[15].
After analysis the main factors are as follows: 1)the Photoelectric extreme method which is used to control the extreme value will introduce into a certain human error; 2)In the experimental process, the value of the tooling will change along with the change of the technological parameter, and the value of the tooling also can directly affect the actual thickness of the coating system, leading to a certain thickness error and then influencing the transmittance of the film; 3)there still exists a weak membrane layer absorption and the scattering phenomenon.
In the process of film design system, the selection of coating materials is based on technical requirements and material characteristics (such as transparency, dispersion and absorption characteristics of materials, mechanical stability and chemical stability, etc.) to be comprehensively considered.
Therefore, in the condition of the film not affecting the center wavelength of reflectance, we add MgF2 of a half of design wavelength physical thickness to broaden the zone of reflections, meanwhile in order to make beam correspond to the require of 2:1, we optimize the film system further, and finally the structure is below:Sub|1.79A1.01H1.10L1.08H0.33L 0.35H2.12L|Sub, in which H-Ti3O5, L-SiO2, A- MgF2.
By the way, we use Kaufman ion beam source as assistance during the deposition, it can improve the film’s intensity and enhance the Optical and mechanical properties of the film[15].
After analysis the main factors are as follows: 1)the Photoelectric extreme method which is used to control the extreme value will introduce into a certain human error; 2)In the experimental process, the value of the tooling will change along with the change of the technological parameter, and the value of the tooling also can directly affect the actual thickness of the coating system, leading to a certain thickness error and then influencing the transmittance of the film; 3)there still exists a weak membrane layer absorption and the scattering phenomenon.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Inyoman Nyoman Sudiana, Haji Aripin, Seitaro Mitsudo, Shunsuke Inagaki, La Ode Ngkoimani, Usman Rianse
However, this PMF is applied directly to the mobile vacancies in contrast to mechanical stresses.
Of these, it might be reasonable to assume that the geometric factor g and l will not be affected by the presence of microwaves because it is determined by crystal structures of the material.
Thus, the jump frequency (n) is the only one possibly affected by microwaves.
Sabchevski, Structural and Microwave Properties of Silica Xerogel Glass-Ceramic Sintered by Sub-millimeter Wave Heating using a Gyrotron, Int.
Kingery, Structure and Properties of MgO and Al2O3 Ceramics, Advances in Ceramics Vol. 10, American Ceramic Society (1984) [16] J.H.
Of these, it might be reasonable to assume that the geometric factor g and l will not be affected by the presence of microwaves because it is determined by crystal structures of the material.
Thus, the jump frequency (n) is the only one possibly affected by microwaves.
Sabchevski, Structural and Microwave Properties of Silica Xerogel Glass-Ceramic Sintered by Sub-millimeter Wave Heating using a Gyrotron, Int.
Kingery, Structure and Properties of MgO and Al2O3 Ceramics, Advances in Ceramics Vol. 10, American Ceramic Society (1984) [16] J.H.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Yuan Li, Jin Huo, Qiang Li, Zhi Jun Ma, Jun Ce Wang, Wei Wang
Experiments and Methods
The Test Material.The test used P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement as material of Da Ying cement plant.The fly ash from the power plant in Shijiazhuang Hebei.Chemical composition of fly ash and cement were in Table1.The physical properties of cement and fly ash were in Table 2.Compound activator(By the sulfates,alkali oxides, organics),etc.were chemically pure.
Table 1 The chemical composition of cement and fly ash (%) Chemical composition SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 SO3 P2O5 Cement 22.35 4.68 3.32 61.6 3.06 0.53 0.22 0.267 2.24 0.11 Fly ash 49.67 35.13 4.20 3.09 0.82 1.17 0.37 1.69 0.57 0.45 Table 2 The physical properties of cement and fly ash(%) Name Cement Fly ash Loss on Ignition 0.95 1.79 Average particle size/(μm) 0.11 0.12 Bulk density/(g.cm3) 3.1 2.6 Experimental Methods.After cement,fly ash,silica fume and compound activator were mixed, admixtures with QM-4H small ball mill to 150r/min speed, mix mill 5min.Dry grinding mortar admixtures according to water ratio of 1:3:0.5 material into mortar mixer Stir 3min.Put it into the 40×40×160 mould and tamp into shape.After molding,placed it into incubator(the temperature was (20±1)℃,relative humidity was 90%) and cured at the standard condition.Molding after 24h to degloving films,according to GB/T17671-1999(Cement mortar strength test method),tested
Table 4 Silica fume content impact of cementitious material strength test ratio(%) Number Cement Fly ash Silica fume Complex activator 1 86.5 12 0 1.5 2 80.5 12 4 1.5 3 74.5 12 8 1.5 4 68.5 12 12 1.5 5 62.5 12 16 1.5 The content of silica fume effected on the strength of cementing material in Figure3 and Figure4.The Figure3,Figure4 showed that with the increase in the addition content of silicon fume,the strength of binding material tended to growing faster in the early period of 7days.But the late compressive strength(28days)improve little and seemed lower than before,when the content of the silica fume exceeds 15%.Increase the content of silica fume less helping to the strength of cementing material.But consider finance factors and intensity curves were.It was advisable that the content of silica fume was 8%.
The sulfates in the complex activator could stimulate the activity and promote hydration of cement and fly ash had significant effected in the early time[4].However,joined too much will affect the strength of the cementing material.Actually,1.5% of complex activator could be added.The proper proportion was that the content of Cement,Fly ash,silica fume and complex activator was78.5%,12%,8%and1.5%.According to the proper proportion ,the mechanical property of cementing material were shown in Table 5.
Table 1 The chemical composition of cement and fly ash (%) Chemical composition SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 SO3 P2O5 Cement 22.35 4.68 3.32 61.6 3.06 0.53 0.22 0.267 2.24 0.11 Fly ash 49.67 35.13 4.20 3.09 0.82 1.17 0.37 1.69 0.57 0.45 Table 2 The physical properties of cement and fly ash(%) Name Cement Fly ash Loss on Ignition 0.95 1.79 Average particle size/(μm) 0.11 0.12 Bulk density/(g.cm3) 3.1 2.6 Experimental Methods.After cement,fly ash,silica fume and compound activator were mixed, admixtures with QM-4H small ball mill to 150r/min speed, mix mill 5min.Dry grinding mortar admixtures according to water ratio of 1:3:0.5 material into mortar mixer Stir 3min.Put it into the 40×40×160 mould and tamp into shape.After molding,placed it into incubator(the temperature was (20±1)℃,relative humidity was 90%) and cured at the standard condition.Molding after 24h to degloving films,according to GB/T17671-1999(Cement mortar strength test method),tested
Table 4 Silica fume content impact of cementitious material strength test ratio(%) Number Cement Fly ash Silica fume Complex activator 1 86.5 12 0 1.5 2 80.5 12 4 1.5 3 74.5 12 8 1.5 4 68.5 12 12 1.5 5 62.5 12 16 1.5 The content of silica fume effected on the strength of cementing material in Figure3 and Figure4.The Figure3,Figure4 showed that with the increase in the addition content of silicon fume,the strength of binding material tended to growing faster in the early period of 7days.But the late compressive strength(28days)improve little and seemed lower than before,when the content of the silica fume exceeds 15%.Increase the content of silica fume less helping to the strength of cementing material.But consider finance factors and intensity curves were.It was advisable that the content of silica fume was 8%.
The sulfates in the complex activator could stimulate the activity and promote hydration of cement and fly ash had significant effected in the early time[4].However,joined too much will affect the strength of the cementing material.Actually,1.5% of complex activator could be added.The proper proportion was that the content of Cement,Fly ash,silica fume and complex activator was78.5%,12%,8%and1.5%.According to the proper proportion ,the mechanical property of cementing material were shown in Table 5.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Fujio Tsumori, Hyun Goo Kang, Toshiko Osada, Hideshi Miura, S. Virdhian
Introduction
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for aerospace, medical, and other applications because of their excellent properties such as high specific strength, good heat resistance and corrosion resistance properties.
Non-uniform green density distribution, coarse particle, gravity and friction are some of the factors that may influence on the distortion of the sintered parts [4].
The average oxygen content was 0.278 mass % after sintering, which is higher than that of the initial powder (0.115 mass %) However, this oxygen content level does not affect the mechanical properties [10].
[2] Miura, H., Takemasu, T., Kuwano, Y., Ito, Y., Kenji, S., Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of injection molded Ti-6Al-4V alloy, J.
-M, Effect of thermal mechanical properties of PIM feedstock on compacts shape retention during debinding process, Trans Nonferrous Met.
Non-uniform green density distribution, coarse particle, gravity and friction are some of the factors that may influence on the distortion of the sintered parts [4].
The average oxygen content was 0.278 mass % after sintering, which is higher than that of the initial powder (0.115 mass %) However, this oxygen content level does not affect the mechanical properties [10].
[2] Miura, H., Takemasu, T., Kuwano, Y., Ito, Y., Kenji, S., Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of injection molded Ti-6Al-4V alloy, J.
-M, Effect of thermal mechanical properties of PIM feedstock on compacts shape retention during debinding process, Trans Nonferrous Met.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Qing Yuan Li
Steel stress sensors at both ends of the connecting rod reinforced with spiral steel to ensure that the measured stress sensor and has the same mechanical properties of steel.
The maximum horizontal displacement resulting in reduced parts occur, the development of horizontal displacement of the central pit the fastest, the bottom of the pile foundation horizontal displacement was less affected. the larges deformation of retaining pile is not the most dangerous place in the top of the pile.
Conclusion Pit Deformation Monitoring of the site, you can get the following conclusions: (1) affect the stability of deep foundation pit of factors, including depth, size, formation characteristics, earth pressure and groundwater.
Floor is completed, construction of the station less affected by the surrounding environment, basically does not change.
The maximum horizontal displacement resulting in reduced parts occur, the development of horizontal displacement of the central pit the fastest, the bottom of the pile foundation horizontal displacement was less affected. the larges deformation of retaining pile is not the most dangerous place in the top of the pile.
Conclusion Pit Deformation Monitoring of the site, you can get the following conclusions: (1) affect the stability of deep foundation pit of factors, including depth, size, formation characteristics, earth pressure and groundwater.
Floor is completed, construction of the station less affected by the surrounding environment, basically does not change.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Rezuwan Kamaruddin, Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir
The properties of light-weight concrete are depended on the type of its lightweight aggregates.
Each of the mixture was tested for its mechanical and physical properties in terms of bulk density, compressive strength, and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage.
For beams B9, B10, B11 and B12 with 0.5 % increment of reinforcement, the extra factors of safety are 1.381, 1.179, 1.047 and 1.110 respectively.
The uniformity factors of safety show that, oil palm clinker concrete does perform as good as the conventional concrete.
Lakshmipathy, Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 92-98 (2011)
Each of the mixture was tested for its mechanical and physical properties in terms of bulk density, compressive strength, and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage.
For beams B9, B10, B11 and B12 with 0.5 % increment of reinforcement, the extra factors of safety are 1.381, 1.179, 1.047 and 1.110 respectively.
The uniformity factors of safety show that, oil palm clinker concrete does perform as good as the conventional concrete.
Lakshmipathy, Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 92-98 (2011)
Online since: December 2004
Authors: Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, H. Liu
As a result, most
mathematical modeling approaches often result in predictive models with unknown factors, so that
these models are of little practical use.
Further, the material removed by a single particle can be estimated in terms of the target material properties (fracture toughness, hardness, flow strength etc.) and particle properties represented by the velocity, density, shape and size of a particle [12].
However, it is not realistic to include all material properties in modeling the AWJ cutting performance.
Further, water pressure, P, is related to the water and particle velocity in a jet and affects material removal and particle flow direction.
To consider this effect, a proportionality factor, k, is introduced which can be determined from experimental data.
Further, the material removed by a single particle can be estimated in terms of the target material properties (fracture toughness, hardness, flow strength etc.) and particle properties represented by the velocity, density, shape and size of a particle [12].
However, it is not realistic to include all material properties in modeling the AWJ cutting performance.
Further, water pressure, P, is related to the water and particle velocity in a jet and affects material removal and particle flow direction.
To consider this effect, a proportionality factor, k, is introduced which can be determined from experimental data.