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Fig. 1(a) shows that there are a number of phases appearing in the alloy, namely, η, T, S and Fe containing phases, whilst in Fig. 1(b) the major phase is η, T and S phases are not present.
Optical microstructural examination, as shown in Fig. 2, reveals a pancake shape grain structure for alloy A1.

Mixtures of carbonates and phosphates were melted at 1550°C in platinum crucible, cast yielding the glass-ceramics GB14 and ground up to a mean grain size of ~4 µm (D50) in an achate mill (Pulverisette 5, Fritsch Inc., Germany; Master Sizer S, Malvern Instr.
Furthermore, a large number of intercrystalline microcracks and pore structures was found causing additional high internal surface properties.

A pattern layout shown in Fig. 2 has been calculated, in which the alphabet and number show the measured points.
During the compacting process, the friction force between sand grains and flask wall should be considered in numerical simulation.

Major gold occurs as fine-and microfine-grained nature gold encapsulated in limonite, quartz and chlorite.
Gold encapsulated in limonite occurs mainly in the shape of fissure gold, interparticle gold are taken the second place, their size relatively coarse, generally for 10~30µm. a small number of inclusion gold with size under 5µm.

It is explained by a number of their properties: low heat conductivity, high soundproofing ability, technological effectiveness, safety [1].
Ettringite fills the grains, does not cause harmful tension, at the same time the block of the hardening of the disperse system is under construction.

It can be seen, in Fig. 3, that there were no obvious difference, such as the position, height, width and number of the peaks, for the XRD spectra of the ceramics with the addition of Sm2O3 or not.
The microstructure of the specimens were presented in Fig. 4, which revealed that grains in the ceramics demonstrate plate-like shape and randomly distributed with size of 2 to 6 µm.

The primary exothermic peak corresponds to a nucleation and grain growth process from amorphous phase to crystallized phase.
The second peak indicates a second phase transformation. 300 400 500 600 700 (c) (b) (a) DSC Temperature ( oC) In the Kissinger analysis of a nucleation-and-growth process the activation energy of the rate constant is determined by plotting, for a number of scans at different rates b, ln(b/Tp2) vs (1/Tp), where Tp is the peak temperature (maximum rate) of the transformation.

The XRD pattern indicates that the grain size decreases and the crystalline becomes well with the increasing of reaction time.
If the nucleation rate is higher, the number of particles generated will be larger while the size of the final particles will be relatively smaller.

Fig. 6 Blank shape and size 3.2 the engine oil pan stretch the results of simulation analysis According to the tensile process parameters are given, the engine oil pan for finite element simulation, a tensile stretch when the blank-holder force from 10 MPa, the coefficient of friction is 0.11, die fillet radius of 30 mm, similar set of boundary conditions and the square box, finally the simulation results are as follows Can be seen from the figure7, the long tail part of the engine oil pan under the effect of blank holder force, little flow, this will surely cause great tensile connected to the side wall of the resistance, leading to the sidewall fracture, it can be seen from the forming limit diagram, quite a number of units in molding danger zone, essentially sheet metal has been broken.
Based on DEFORM 3 d simulation of the grain size of 7050 aluminium alloy profile extrusion process study [J].

To increase the number of applications of the press forming, it is crucial to understand mechanical properties of Mg alloy sheets.
The activity of each family of slip or twinning systems i is defined in the form [3] , 　　 (4) where n is the number of grains, and k is the number of systems of the family i.