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Target Tracking in Sensor Networks Using Additive Divided Difference Information Filtering Method Deok Jin Lee1,§ , Kil To Chong2 and Dong Pyo Hong3 1School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 573-701, South Korea 2School of Electronics Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, South Korea 3Dept. of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, South Korea § deokjlee@kunsan.ac.kr Keywords: distributed sensor networks, multiple sensor fusion, target tracking, divided difference information filter, nonlinear estimation.
However, some of the drawbacks, inherited from the EKF due to unmodeled or unknown uncertainties, can affect the EIF in terms of the estimation accuracy and robustness in nonlinear systems.
Then, a set of weighted scaled symmetric sigma point vectors is constructed by (3) where is the dimension of the augmented state vector, is the ith sigma point column vector of the compound square-root matrix and is a scaling weight factor for the divided difference step size or interval length [11].
Each component matrix is given by (9) where the weight factors for the covariance matrix are given by (10) For the measurement update, the augmented state vector and the augmented square-root matrix are reconstructed by (11) where is given in Eq. (8) and is obtained from the Cholesky factorization of the measurement noise covariance matrix, .
The simulation results show that the proposed additive divided information filter provides not only accurate estimation and fast convergence properties, but also makes its implementation efficient for multi-sensor estimation in distributed sensor observation and networks.

One factor affecting a machine’s life is friction between components resulting in wear in component surface.
In his research, Wang [5] states that rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of railway is an important factor affecting safety, maintenance, and service of rail track.
The friction occurring between wheel and railway affects rail performance and work system of its driving mechanism.
It indicates that the effectiveness of graphite splinters decreases, as graphite polishing decreases so that the number of graphite grains penetrating into the fissures of wheel specimen surface also decreases, thereby affecting the wheel’s wear level.
Hao, Tribological properties of solid lubricants (graphite, h-BN) for Cu-based P/M friction composites, Tribology International, 22 April (2008)

This is because they are affected by a wide range of factors, and can occur as a result of deficiencies in, and subtle interplay amongst, design methods, manufacturing and fabrication processes, materials selection and performance, and operation and maintenance.
Factors that influence local hardness around joints, and features such as cut-outs hence influence susceptibility to LMAC.
This is free-cutting steel containing dispersed lead particles, with the M grades manufactured to close limits on chemical composition and mechanical properties.
The bolts were, in fact, supplied as grade A steel, indicating no check was specified for mechanical properties.
Thus two main factors contributed to causing this accident; failure of the towbar and failure to ensure that the aircraft taxiway braking system was operative.

Introduction Due to mechanical and physical properties of advanced composite materials, their industrial interest is growing.
The possible delamination could be related more clearly to the mechanical stress (forces) than to local heating.
Optical measuring microscope is used to characterize the delamination factor, which is defined as [6]: (1) where Dmax is the diameter of the zone affected by the superficial removal of material and D0 is the drill diameter (Fig. 5).
Under the cutting conditions used, with low cutting speeds, there are no significant variations; however, the delamination factor decreases by increasing the cutting speed above 70 m/min [9] and the use of sacrificial material continues being positive.
In particular it can be seen how the separation of the layers occurs in a relatively distant area of the edge; this evidence induces to consider the mechanical loads (forces) as the origin of this type of default.

With the increase of KH-560 content, two key factors (surface microstructure and low surface energy) contributing to the superhydrophobicity of the coating layers did not change greatly, so the difference in KH-560 content had little effect on the super hydrophobicity of the coating.
However, the ratio significantly changed the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic coating.
And the results showed that the method could improve the mechanical stability effectively, and the different coupling agent content had great influence on the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surface.
As can be seen from the above, the sol-gel process was simple, low cost, and theprepared superhydrophobic coating had godd hydrophobicity and mechanical properties.
Sun, Recent developments in superhydrophobic surfaces with unique structural and functional properties, Soft Matter, 8 (2012) 11217-11231

Introduction In the past few years interest in GaAs crystal has been revived firstly because this crystal has interesting piezoelectric [1] and piezoresistive [2] properties and secondly because it is possible to fabricate mechanical devices in GaAs by wet micromachining [3-5].
Relatively small anisotropy factor (typically less than 5) was found for these etchants.
However the anisotropy factor is small compared to that observed for silicon.
These symmetry properties are also observed for small holes.
This type of anisotropy that markedly differs to the anisotropy affecting the silicon crystal [9-11] is said to be of type 2* [4].

The distribution of the strain energy can also well affect the influence of local positions on the low-level modal deformation.
Choosing the design variables needs to consider many factors [8].To improve the modal performance needs to select the panels’ thickness as design variables of which the strain energy is large and the quality is smaller.
Modify the local car-body’s structure under the guidance of the strain energy and engineering experience, and optimize size under the guidance of modern finite element theory on the basis of analyzing the basic mechanical properties of the car-body.
Realize the optimization of stiffness, modal properties under the condition that body’s mass did not improve, providing a useful reference to making optimal scheme of car-body in the detailed design stage.
Chen: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 40 (2004), pp. 195

In addition, the profile milling with shaping is different at kinematics and dynamics of the cylinder [33, 34], so for the analysis of the geometric accuracy of the treated surfaces it is necessary to have mathematical models linking the indicators of surface's geometry with dominant factors of the process: the elements of cutting mode, and the parameters of the cutting tool [28, 35].
These errors will eventually affect the deterioration of surface roughness and waviness of the product surfaces in the end.
Analysis of Geometric Errors We will analyze the geometric errors of surfaces treated with shaping cutter and emerging under the influence of its specific design elements and we will not consider the factors that characterize the milling mode (feed vs, cutting depth t, the angular velocity ω) and the number of teeth Z, because their impact on the errors of treated surfaces is quite well known.
Gusev, Safe machining of blanks with nonuniform properties, Russian Engineering Research, 33(10) (2013) 602-606
Gusev, Spindle Rigidity in Milling Blanks with Nonuniform Properties, Russian Engineering Research, 33(11) (2013) 646-648

Steel stress sensors at both ends of the connecting rod reinforced with spiral steel to ensure that the measured stress sensor and has the same mechanical properties of steel.
The maximum horizontal displacement resulting in reduced parts occur, the development of horizontal displacement of the central pit the fastest, the bottom of the pile foundation horizontal displacement was less affected. the larges deformation of retaining pile is not the most dangerous place in the top of the pile.
Conclusion Pit Deformation Monitoring of the site, you can get the following conclusions: (1) affect the stability of deep foundation pit of factors, including depth, size, formation characteristics, earth pressure and groundwater.
Floor is completed, construction of the station less affected by the surrounding environment, basically does not change.

Automatic Lighting Control System for Teaching Building Based on Wireless Sensor Network Jin Yuan 1, a, YuSheng Wang1, b, XiLiang Zhang 1, LiJuan Zhao1 and LinJie Huang1 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China azhangxl@ujs.edu.cn, byuanjin_ying @163.com Keywords: illumination; wireless network; automatic control; infrared sensors; Abstract.
Introduction It is one of the important factors to affect teaching effectiveness and students’ eye health that the lighting of teaching building does not meet the requirements of eye health.
Considering the cost, size, energy consumption, communication range, sending rate and other factors as well as design requirements, Chipcon's CC2430 chip and module is selected.
With the advantages of convenient control and management, good energy saving properties and so on, the system can meet the lighting control requirements of teaching building and has excellent practical value.