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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Sheng Min Cui, Bo Xu, Wen Feng Pan, Xin Kui Liu, Fang Zhang
The fuel cell stack is composed by a number of single cells, inside which is the reaction chamber and the fuel chamber.
Fig.1 Composition of the zinc-air fuel cell system Zinc-air fuel cell‘s power is depend on the quantity of the equipped zinc grain.
=32×0.24=7.68 kW (5) As is shown in equation (5), N is the number of single cells.
Online since: July 2010
Authors: Xiao Yong Zhang, Hui Lin Gao, Ling Kang Ji, Chuang Jing Zhuang
With the increase of the deformation, a large number of dislocations move along the slip surface, and form dislocation tangles in the grain boundaries, lath boundaries and precipitated particles Fig.8 shows the dislocation cellular substructure under 6% prestrain.
The results show that, with the increase of strain, the number of cellular substructure increased and the size of cellular decreased, causing increase of strength and drop of plasticity and toughness.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Zhi Yao Li, Gui Rong Weng
The objective is to obtain the fuzzy partition for data set and the number of clusters c by minimizing the object function : (1) is the membership which is defined as the degree of each data point to a given cluster , and is additionally an element of a matrix .
The number of cluster c should be given and the centroids of every cluster , the membership matrix also should be set the initial value.
(11) Area opening [6] removes any grain (i.e. connected component) with area less than in a binary image .
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Duo Sheng Li, Ai Hua Zou, Yong Jin Tang, Xian Liang Zhou, Jian Yun Zhang, G.Z. Ye, Qing Jun Chen, Xiao Zhen Hua
Pitting corrosion was dispersive, and they mainly appear ball or grain.
XRD spectrum analysis was shown in Fig. 5, and it is an effective technology to analyze microstructure orientations and phase of corrosion. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 200 400 600 800 Lin cps 2 theta scale 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 trans rate [%] wave number cm -1 Fig. 5 XRD spectrum of corrosion pitting Fig. 6 FTIR spectrum of corrosion pitting It was found that corrosion products of SiCp/Al composites were amorphous state as Fig. 5, in whole diffraction range, and there is only major interference hump in between 20°and 30°, no certain characteristic peak of phase.
It indicates that, there exits characteristic absorption peak at 1645.0 cm-1 and 3450.0 cm-1 , which indicated there is large numbers of hydroxyl group(-O-H) in corrosion products.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Yan Bo Peng, Wei Na Xue
The mycelium of such filamentous fungi as A.niger, used for manufacturing citric acid glucoamylase, is found to has high adsorption ability toward many metal cations because of a large number of chemically active hydroxyl and amino groups, high hydrophilicity, and flexible polymer chains on the cell wall that make fungi mycelium compatible with the adsorption of metal ions.
As shown in the figure, the percentage removal increased with the increase of biosorbent dose before 20g/L, this is due to the increased surface area of the biosorbent, which in turn increases the number of binding sites.
The higher biosorbent loading could produce a ‘screen’ effect on the cell wall, protecting the binding sites, thus resulting in lower As3+ ions adsorption per unit of sorbent may be due to the adsorbent overlap and polymerization, adsorbent grain size increases, the relative surface area is reduced, or effective adsorption sites decreases,so adsorption rate to decrease.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Emi Zurima Bt Ismail, Dina Maizana, Nuriziani Hussin
This transformer consists of 254 turns for both primary and secondary winding. 3% SiFe Cold Rolled Grain Oriented, (CRGO) M5 is used as core lamination and total number of layer is 35.
The equation used to get the input voltage is shows below: V = 4.44 x B x N x f x A (2) Where: V = Voltage, 4.44 = Constant, B = Flux density (Tesla), N = Number of winding turn = 254 turns, f = Frequency = 50 Hz Table 1 shows the calculation result by using Equation 2 for input voltage from 0.2T until 2.0T at 50 Hz.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Florin Popa, Ionel Chicinaş, Olivier Isnard, Cristina Daniela Stanciu
Fe-Si alloys, with high Si content and with nanocrystalline grain size, can be produced by various methods: magnetron sputtering, rapid quenching, physical vapour deposition, co-injection, mechanical alloying etc. [6-8].
Acknowledgement This work was supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0632 and the French-Romanian cooperation Programme Hubert Curien (PHC) – Brancusi, and project number 711/2012 (in Romania) and 28847YK (in France).
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Yao Rong Feng, Fang Po Li, Li Hong Han, Hang Wang, Cai Hong Lu, Chun Feng, Long Jiang, Li Juan Zhu, Shang Yu Yang, Hui Qun Liu, Le Wang
Introduction With the development of the petroleum industry, the number of deep wells, ultra deep wells and horizontal wells is increasing[1].
This is the result of alternation of softening caused by partial dynamic recrystallization and deformation /re-hardening of recrystallized grains.
Table 2 Power dissipation efficiency of Ti-Al-X alloy under different deformation conditions (%) alloys 850℃ 900℃ 950℃ 1000℃ 1050℃ Ti-Al-X 0.001s-1 60.09779 26.11266 58.54428 103.6302 104.1581 0.01s-1 29.70607 27.72581 34.24224 50.00525 56.29397 0.1s-1 19.33316 30.36903 24.00718 14.81824 19.91068 1s-1 37.03535 33.94635 33.79593 47.94228 39.1326 Table 3 Deformation instability parameters of Ti-Al-X under different deformation conditions (%) alloys 850℃ 900℃ 950℃ 1000℃ 1050℃ Ti-Al-X 0.001s-1 9.026 18.067 21.608 128.138 122.118 0.01s-1 -13.002 19.873 -2.436 -29.727 -12.24 0.1s-1 9.668 21.951 9.629 -13.745 -12.32 1s-1 86.034 24.298 57.798 176.087 121.876 Fig. 2 Hot working diagram of Ti-Al-X alloy at strains of ~0.05 (The shadow part is the flow instability region, and the number on the contour line represents the percentage of power dissipation efficiency).
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Zhi Yong Zhong, Xing Li Zhang, Peng Tian, Wei Jun Hui, Rui Guo Bai, Hai Gao, Fu Xing Guo
Deformation results in increased material deformation stored energy ( ΔGD ) mainly including the rise of the dislocation density, the increase of vacancy and the grain boundary energy of unit volume.
Fig.5 shows the quadratic fitting relationship between ΔGD and InZ, ΔGD ranged from 10-50 J/mol, deformation stored energy increases with increasing Z, then established a quadratic fitting expression as follows: ΔGD=295.4-16.2(InZ)+0.22(InZ)2 (9) Fig. 5 and Eq. 9 implied that the value of first partial derivative for lnZ was a positive number and the value of secondly partial derivative for lnZ was also a positive number.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Li Zhi Gu, Sheng Jun Wei
Such wear will cause grain waste that located on the sides of the bead.
Of course, in practice the real number of the types may not be that high, but it at least provides smart clues and gross combinations for new types of DBWs with new features.
By observing and utilizing the spectrum, a great number of new types of DBW with novel combinations of different components may be designed and produced for even better and wider applications.
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