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Rapid precipitation of the strengthening phases, which impart the high strength to 7xxx aluminium alloys, results in limited time availability to carry out forming processes, e.g. panel stamping and draw forming that require materials with properties of high ductility and low anisotropy.
Grain misorientation relationships, consisting of high angle, >15° and low angle <15°, grain boundaries are considered likely factors contributing to intergranular attack.
Huang, Effect of Zr, Cr and Pr additions on microstructures and properties of ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, Mat.
He, Evolution of microstructure and properties in a new type 2 mm Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy sheet, J.
He, Effects of Sc and Zr microalloying additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of new Al-Zn-Mg alloys, J.

However there are several constraints on ITO’s utilization, its mechanical properties makes it too brittle to implement bendable electronic devices; and the price is uncompetitive due to limited raw material supplies.
Recently, the unique properties of graphene attract more attention since graphene was discovered by Geim et al.
Physical properties of graphene provided this one-atom two-dimension material with little light absorption, which rendering graphene films potential to be a good transparent conductor.
Need to notice that the condition of film prepared is affected by many factors, like different kinds of substrates, degrees of oxidization, size of GO particles, thickness of films, and degree of reduction [8], etc.
It demonstrates that the graphene films prepared from large size graphite perform better properties.

Sea Bridge is not only affected by the environmental factors such as temperature, chloride ion penetration, but also the bear, including wind load, wave load, vehicle load and so on.
CHEN Shuan-fa, Wei-Dong Liao, Cheng glauca [12] made the study to correspond to reality by taking some measures including the coupling of dynamic load and chloride ion diffusion but temperature, and other scholars [13-14] have done research in this area, but did not consider environmental factors such as the effect of temperature on the diffusion properties.
Fig.2 Chloride ion diffusion with different water binder ratio Fig.3 Relation between the diffusion coefficient and water binder ratio From Figure 2, as can find that regardless of the size of the stress level, the diffusion depth of chloride ion in concrete within the specified time all can spread to 30mm depth, and combining with the analysis of 2.1 can be obtained that by this way the coupling of environmental factors and dynamic load to research diffusion of chloride ion in concrete is correct, namely, the two types of factors can be matched well (if the stress level was too high, the diffusion of chloride ion did not achieve to some depth when the specimen has fractured, vice versa.).
Due to the analysis of its mechanical characteristics, the maximum bending surface of specimen is the upper surface, so from the top down to the neutral surface is governed by the tensile stress, less pressure on the neutral side.
Fig.4 Chloride ion diffusion with different temperature Fig.5 Relation between the diffusion coefficient and temperature As can be seen from Figure 4, the diffusion depth of chloride ion in concrete within the specified time all can spread to 30mm depth with both high and low temperature, and combining with the analysis results of 2.1 section that the coupling of environmental factors and dynamic load to research diffusion of chloride ion in concrete is correct, namely, the two types of factors can be matched well (if the stress level was too high, the diffusion of chloride ion did not achieve to some depth when the specimen has fractured, vice versa.).

Therefore, the usage of fly ash in SCC minimizes superplasticizer dosage and used in concrete without affecting the concrete workability and slump flow.
The mechanical properties (compressive, split and flexure) of silica fume reported significant performance with higher compressive strengths.
[6] Domone, P., A review of the hardened mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete.
Bartos, Permeation properties of self-compacting concrete.
[32] Ahmadi, M., et al., Development of mechanical properties of self compacting concrete contain rice husk ash.

However, such modifications may also affect the biocompatibility of this material, which should be accessed initially by in vitro methods.
With the objective to reverse the bone loss, diverse techniques were developed and improved, among which we can highlight the use of bone block grafts, osteogenesis growth factors and guided bone regeneration [3].
However, some disadvantages, such as poor absorption rates and low mechanical strength, have led to a great effort in order to improve HA physical and biological properties.
More recently, a biomaterial based nano-hydroxyapatite containing strontium 1% (nSrHA) was suggested as present interesting biological properties [24].
Properties of osteoconductive biomaterials: Calcium phosphates.

Zn-Al-Cu alloys are characterized by a number of beneficial properties that include good castability, good tribological properties and low energy input for forming the product.
Properties of Zn-Al-Cu can be improved by the partial or total replacement of copper with silicon and rare earth element additions.
Zn-Al-Cu alloys are characterized by very good tribological properties: high abrasion and adhesion wear resistance, dry friction resistance and low friction factor at high loads [2,3].
The mechanical strength and hardness of Zn-Al-Cu alloys are higher than those for the bronzes.
The presence of rare earth elements, therefore, positively affects the homogeneity of the Zn22Al2CuSiM alloy.

The mismatch between steel substrate and composite coating is still the dominant factor for the residual stresses.
Residual thermal stresses significantly affect the mechanical performance of the material and they are responsible for initiation and expansion of cracks and even the possible failure of whole material [3].
Material properties of each coating layer were calculated considering the gradually-changing composition of Fe3Al and Al2O3 [5], starting from pure Fe3Al layer (C1) to pure Al2O3 layer (C5).
Material properties of substrate and coating layers are listed in Table 1.
Zhang: Materials for Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (2003), p. 28

It has been established that PEO-layers on titanium affect the functional state of cellular processes accompanying bone mineralization.
Titanium alloys are widely used as dental implant materials due to their affinity to epithelial and connective tissue and high chemical, biological, and mechanical properties as well as processability [1, 2].
The implant surface properties, such as biocompatibility, wettability and adhesive signal of an inorganic implant, determine the type of cellular response.
Thus, antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are influenced by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and RANKL which could provide a supportive environment for the transdifferentiation of DCs toward osteoclasts (OCs) which are able to dissolve bone matrix. [12].
PEO-layers on titanium affect the functional state of cellular processes accompanying bone mineralization, especially in contact with coating formed by PEO.

Among aluminum alloys, aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloys are known for their good castability and mechanical properties.
These parameters are completely changed after heat treatment [5,6], which, in turn, influence the resultant mechanical properties [7,8].
Particle size, shape, and spacing are the factors that characterize the silicon particle morphology.
These plates act as crack initiators and appreciably lower the alloy mechanical properties.
Conclusions A study of the effect of Mg and Cu alloying additions and solution heat treatment (at 500 °C for times up to 24 h) on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of A413.1 alloy was carried out.

In order to further understand the relationship between structure and properties of stabilized lime-fly ash aggregate modified by waste gypsum, we study the relation between paste structure formation and performance of waste gypsum-fly ash-hardened lime.
After testing the optimum water ratio of lime-fly ash, the optimum water ratio was 27%, optimum dry density for 1.79 g/cm3, compaction for 98%, strength testing by cylinder specimens with diameter of 7 (cm), molded by extrusion. 5mm sieve was used to sift massive impurities for fly-ash and lime, avoiding strength development from being affected.
Mechanical properties were tested, then absolute ethyl alcohol was used to suspend hydration and SEM analysis.
The physical properties of lime-fly ash modified by waste gypsum reflected the forming process of the hardening structure in lime-fly ash modified by waste gypsum.
Waste gypsum admixture is one of the most important effect factors of early strength, volume stability for lime-fly ash.