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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Guang Jun Zhu, Yan Hua Yang, Qian Ying Zhang, Yue Lin Qin
Hydrogen is a kind of available energy as “secondary energy” with a number of advantages.
Although iron oxide is still the main catalyst, the structure of Fe3O4 lattice may be changed after adding Cr2O3, namely Cr3+ ion replaces some Fe3+ ion in Fe3O4 structure, forming (Fe,Cr)3O4 solid solution structure and restraining the grain growth, thus the catalyzed ability of Fe3O4 is improved.
The number is huge and the method will become one important source of hydrogen energy in China.
Although iron oxide is still the main catalyst, the structure of Fe3O4 lattice may be changed after adding Cr2O3, namely Cr3+ ion replaces some Fe3+ ion in Fe3O4 structure, forming (Fe,Cr)3O4 solid solution structure and restraining the grain growth, thus the catalyzed ability of Fe3O4 is improved.
The number is huge and the method will become one important source of hydrogen energy in China.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hong Ru Wang, Xiao Zhou Su, Xiao Bo Zhang
Recently the tendency of the market is to make leathers more and more supple, with a fine and homogeneous grain which allows a soft finishing, such as aniline finishing for luxurious leather [3, 4].
It is clearly indicated that the copolymerization under the condition prescribed give rise to three species of polymers whose peak molecular weight (Mp) range from 1689 to 3680 which corresponds to number-average molecular weight (Mn) 1583~3525 as well as weight-average molecular weight (Mw) 1661~3701 (Table 1).
Conclusion A copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 1583~3525 can be obtained by polymerizing maleinuric acid with acrylic acid in the presence of ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite.
It is clearly indicated that the copolymerization under the condition prescribed give rise to three species of polymers whose peak molecular weight (Mp) range from 1689 to 3680 which corresponds to number-average molecular weight (Mn) 1583~3525 as well as weight-average molecular weight (Mw) 1661~3701 (Table 1).
Conclusion A copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 1583~3525 can be obtained by polymerizing maleinuric acid with acrylic acid in the presence of ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, Stephen A. Akinlabi
The convenience of the FSW as a joining technique has been demonstrated in a number of studies, especially for commercially pure aluminium [2-3].
This technique has been successfully applied in the production of fine grained structure and surface composite [6].
Nevertheless, FSW is associated with a number of unique defects which are undesirable in joints as they are known to adversely affect the joint integrity or the processed zone.
This technique has been successfully applied in the production of fine grained structure and surface composite [6].
Nevertheless, FSW is associated with a number of unique defects which are undesirable in joints as they are known to adversely affect the joint integrity or the processed zone.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Chao Xiong, Xi Fang Zhu, An Cheng Xu, Xing Zhong Lu, Lei Chen, Ruo He Yao
The number of SILAR cycles is 40.
The preferential orientation of the γ-CuI grains is observed along the (111) axis aligning with the growth direction.
The presence of a number of peaks in XRD pattern is the indication of polycrystalline nature of the CuI.
The preferential orientation of the γ-CuI grains is observed along the (111) axis aligning with the growth direction.
The presence of a number of peaks in XRD pattern is the indication of polycrystalline nature of the CuI.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Barbora Kovářová
The number of advantages topples over disadvantages:
- Loam regulates the air humidity which means that loam easily and quickly absorbs humidity from its surroundings and subsequently gives the humidity back, slowly and as necessary.
This step requires sufficient number of containers and enough space for wetting the loam.
Large influence on plaster characteristics has the ratio of clay, dust and sand as well as grain size of sand, amount of water, type of clay, process of mixture and type of additives.
This step requires sufficient number of containers and enough space for wetting the loam.
Large influence on plaster characteristics has the ratio of clay, dust and sand as well as grain size of sand, amount of water, type of clay, process of mixture and type of additives.
Online since: August 2022
Authors: Muhammad Mansoor, Noveed Ejaz
In the etched condition grain boundaries revealed as general microstructure of the alloys.
Sae, Metals and alloys in the unified numbering system, SAE HS-1086 FEB93 and ASTM DS-56 E. 6th ed.
[2] ASTM, Metals and alloys in the unified numbering system, 2012
Sae, Metals and alloys in the unified numbering system, SAE HS-1086 FEB93 and ASTM DS-56 E. 6th ed.
[2] ASTM, Metals and alloys in the unified numbering system, 2012
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Emad A. Badawi, Abdullah A. Refaey, M. A. Abdel-Rahman
This process occurs under controlled conditions so that the resultant grain structure will produce a greater tensile strength in the metal than in its original condition and gives some changes in particular properties of the sample.
1.1 Positron annihilation lifetime technique
The samples were investigated using positron lifetime spectroscopy.
This means that the precipitations grow in size, while their number decreases. [3] Figure 6 Vickers hardness evolution of artificially aged at 192C Figure 7 Positron Lifetime evolution of artificially aged at 192C 3.3 Variation of “ρ” with time of artificial aging, artificial temperature 192C The formation of the precipitates can be controlled for many alloys by heating and holding the material at an elevated temperature for a period of time (artificial aging).
Higher aging temperatures result in a small increase in resistivity up to a peak associated with the formation of a large number of small scattering centers which shorten the mean free path of the conduction electrons.
This means that the precipitations grow in size, while their number decreases. [3] Figure 6 Vickers hardness evolution of artificially aged at 192C Figure 7 Positron Lifetime evolution of artificially aged at 192C 3.3 Variation of “ρ” with time of artificial aging, artificial temperature 192C The formation of the precipitates can be controlled for many alloys by heating and holding the material at an elevated temperature for a period of time (artificial aging).
Higher aging temperatures result in a small increase in resistivity up to a peak associated with the formation of a large number of small scattering centers which shorten the mean free path of the conduction electrons.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Nikita V. Martyushev, Aleksander S. Ivashutenko, Sergey P. Zhuravkov, J.I. Kornev
Russian companies engaged in three-dimensional printing face a number of problems connected with consumables.
Thus, the analysis of the powders produced by EOS Company has shown that their average diameter amounts to about 25 mcm, and more than 50% of grains of powder are located in the dimensional range of 20 – 30 mcm.
Due to a great number of chemical elements and their compositions, the exact quantitative values of phases are almost impossible to evaluate, therefore, the data on the quantitative estimation of the phase composition are not given in this paper.
Thus, the analysis of the powders produced by EOS Company has shown that their average diameter amounts to about 25 mcm, and more than 50% of grains of powder are located in the dimensional range of 20 – 30 mcm.
Due to a great number of chemical elements and their compositions, the exact quantitative values of phases are almost impossible to evaluate, therefore, the data on the quantitative estimation of the phase composition are not given in this paper.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Anatoly G. Kuchin, Alexandr M. Gabay, Galina M. Makarova, Vladimir I. Voronin, Ivan F. Berger, Sergey P. Platonov, Alexey S. Volegov
The ingots were coarse-grained, and it was possible to extract from them the single-crystals of about 0.4 mm in diameter.
Apparently, decrease of number of the 4е and 4f “dumbbell” sites is the mane reason for increase of the temperature of ferromagnetic ordering in the Tm2Fe19-xMnx and Tm2Fe16, Tm2Fe17, Tm2Fe18, Tm2Fe19 systems as Fe content decreases.
Strengthening of ferromagnetism in these systems with decrease of Fe content should be stipulated mainly by decrease of number of defected 4е “dumbbell” sites which are characterized by strong local negative Fe-Fe exchange interactions.
Apparently, decrease of number of the 4е and 4f “dumbbell” sites is the mane reason for increase of the temperature of ferromagnetic ordering in the Tm2Fe19-xMnx and Tm2Fe16, Tm2Fe17, Tm2Fe18, Tm2Fe19 systems as Fe content decreases.
Strengthening of ferromagnetism in these systems with decrease of Fe content should be stipulated mainly by decrease of number of defected 4е “dumbbell” sites which are characterized by strong local negative Fe-Fe exchange interactions.
Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Loading
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Mei Ling Duan, Xue Yong Zhao
Tab. 1 Basic properties of coarse aggregate
The Type of
Coarse Aggregate
Grain Diameter
(mm)
Apparent Density
(kg/m3)
Volume Density
(kg/m3)
Crush Index
(%)
Water Absorption
(%)
Nature
2.36-26.5
2767
1459
4.20
0.504
Recycled
2.36-31.5
2625
1313
16.02
3.160
Mix Proportions of Concrete.
Tab. 2 Mix Proportions of Concrete Specimen Number W/C Replacement of Recycled Coarse Aggregate(%) C (kg/m3) S (kg/m3) Coarse Aggregate W (kg/m3) Nature (kg/m3) Recycled(kg/m3) NC 0.47 0 457 658 1170 0 215 RC30 0.47 30 457 658 819 351 215 RC50 0.47 50 457 658 585 585 215 RC100 0.47 100 457 658 0 1170 215 Test Results and Analysis The test was divided into four experimental groups by recycled coarse aggregate of different rates and each group is six specimens.
The main reason why elastic modulus of RC decrease is due to a large number of mortar with a relatively low elastic modulus attached to recycled aggregate and large porosity of recycled aggregate will also reduce the elastic modulus of RC.
Tab. 2 Mix Proportions of Concrete Specimen Number W/C Replacement of Recycled Coarse Aggregate(%) C (kg/m3) S (kg/m3) Coarse Aggregate W (kg/m3) Nature (kg/m3) Recycled(kg/m3) NC 0.47 0 457 658 1170 0 215 RC30 0.47 30 457 658 819 351 215 RC50 0.47 50 457 658 585 585 215 RC100 0.47 100 457 658 0 1170 215 Test Results and Analysis The test was divided into four experimental groups by recycled coarse aggregate of different rates and each group is six specimens.
The main reason why elastic modulus of RC decrease is due to a large number of mortar with a relatively low elastic modulus attached to recycled aggregate and large porosity of recycled aggregate will also reduce the elastic modulus of RC.