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It influences soil properties, leading to reduction in crop yields and land productivity.
Some studies used GIS techniques to integrate multispectral data with field data such as groundwater mineralization data, groundwater depth data, and topography, to overcome the weakness of multispectral images[9, 10].
Comparing with hyperspectral data, it is a challenge that uses multispectral data to quantitatively estimate soil salinity.
ALI image data were acquired on 14 April 2005.
Then image DN data was converted to reflectance data.

This research use the data of International Manufacturing Strategy Survey(IMSS) in 2009 as samples to reveal the relationship between WCM practises and enterprise performance and to discover the effect of different countries on the above-mentioned relationship, based on hierarchy regression analysis method.
The data used for this research is from the Fifth Survey of International Manufacturing Strategy Survey(IMSS-V) in 2009.
The data used in this paper is tested by reliability analysis in order to ensure the scientificity and rationality of this research.
The result of the analysis shows that the Cronbach's coefficient is 0.933, which means the reliability of the data is very good.
Kumar: Industrial Management & Data Systems Vol. 106(2006), p. 256-280 [18] I.P.S.

The investigations are done to obtain the basic cutting performance through the elaborate and literal formula, to ensure the blade to work smoothly, heat dissipation fast, and noise reduction considerable by using discontinuous and uneven distribution of working band and setting cooling--heat dissipation gaps and heat dissipation holes.
Speed: 2800 r/min, each test is cut into 10 pieces, saw blade wear according to the highest cutting 1000 incisions and resin cutting piece is cut into 250 data of incision.
Table 1 The comparison of performance and efficacy between the diamond saw and the commonly used resin discs in cutting the same workpiece Item The saw blade Resin disc Working temperature (saw) About 50 ℃ or so -- Cutting speed[m/s] 37.4 29-58(fast wear, and the corresponding diameter becomes smaller) Saw blade wear 0.5mm（After cutting 1000 tubes) 217mm(After cutting 250 tubes) Cutting disc diameter[mm] 255 400 Thickness of cutting disc1[mm] 1.8 3.2 Thickness of cutting disc2[mm] 2.0 4.2 Incision smoothness good bad Tube temperature[℃] 45 60 Pipe incision subsequent processing and finishing Not need need Note: not specified data are the corresponding value of the disc with cutting thickness of 2mm Overall saw blade can work without coolant, which is environmentally friendly, cooling-dissipating heat gap further increase the saw blade cutting department, interface of saw blades matrix and surrounding medium, accelerated cooling, improve the effect of cooling heat dissipation

X-ray diffraction analysis showed that milling in beater mill in magneto fluidized bed leads to reduction of coherent-scattering region size, increase of lattice microstrain and dislocation density, making powder more active during sintering process.
ICSD database was used for structural characteristics analysis and data improvement.
Goodness-of-fit test of structural model and real experimental data was value of Rp-factor.

More attention to manganese oxide-based catalysts has been paid due to their excellent catalytic activities in low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR) in recent years.
According to the data, the amount of supporting can be calculated.
According to the data, the amount of supporting can be calculated; making Mn/Ti is 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6.

The elastic modulus of the foundation soil (E) was calculated through the experience reduction formula E=(3~5)Es.
In practical project, it can fitting the equation directly if the practical measured data of various points at the building foundation bottom can meet the fitting precision requirement of settlement parabolic surface equation.
Therefore, based on the data of practical measurement points, it can correct the settlement surface equation obtained through the forward-analysis method.
Back-analysis research about the impact of practical foundation’s differential settlement on upper structure In the practical project shown in Fig.1, there were totally 10 measurement points set and the practically measured settlement data was listed in Table 3 Table 3 The practical measured settlement value of each measurement point measurement point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 measured data -21.95 -22.95 -23.95 -24.95 -25.95 -22.85 -23.85 -24.84 -25.85 -26.85 The settlement parabolic surface equation was fitted according to the settlement data of abovementioned practical measurement points and the coefficients in the equation valued as follows: a1=-2.06×10-2, a2=-4.94×10-4, a3=-3.45×10-4, a4=1.031×10-5 and a5=3.856×10-5.
Then, the settlement surface will be corrected according to the practical differential settlement data of foundation to get the modified settlement parabolic surface equation.

Generative AI tools are an intuitive solution for small datasets or data imbalance.
In our previous work [1], we used pix2pix [2] to augment data in order to address the issue of data imbalance. pix2pix is a deep learning framework based on a conditional GAN (Generative Adversarial Network [3]).
Quantum versions of machine learning models can leverage the unique properties of quantum bits (qubits) to require fewer training iterations and data points [6].
By utilizing N qubits, which can represent 2N -dimension data, the parameters required to train a Chinese character image generation model are significantly reduced.
That is, processing the data in the classical state.

The reduction of waste in a production system is one of the major pillars of Lean Construction philosophy.
In addition to that, poor conditions of work generate indirect losses such as a decrease in productivity as well as the reduction in staff motivation [4].
Howell and Ballard (1999) argued that lean is a step toward accident reduction on construction sites.
In our next research, we will focus more on the collection and analysis of data collected from experts and managers working in the Moroccan construction industry to confirm the results obtained.
Assessing the Cost Forecasting Performance in Construction Projects through Data Envelopment Analysis.

This control system is based on infineon XC164CS Single Chip Microcomputer, use modular method, design and develops the data acquisition module, IGBT driver module, CAN communication module and conducts bench experiment to the system.
Voltage detection module Temperature detection module As the power source of Auxiliary Power Unit, the engine and generator’s normal work directly affect the system’s stability, reliability and the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
Single-chip microcomputer XC164CS built-in CAN module supports CAN2.0B communication protocol and has 32 messages, each message customs data length, transmission direction, frame type, etc.

The survey data were collected and processed to identify the features of the obtained sample.
However, this method is generally considered unsuitable for modelling nonlinear data.
Additionally, this aids in preparing the data for advanced statistical and numerical analyses, which will impart deeper insight into the public’s WTP for the usage of HOT lanes and its correlation with multiple factors. 4.1 Data Categorization Binary categorization of data was performed to transform the survey responses into terms appropriate for statistical and numerical analyses.
Table 1 illustrates the data categorization into binary terms for the factors affecting WTP.
The data utilized in the study was obtained from a questionnaire-survey completed by drivers in the UAE.