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Online since: June 2012
Authors: Masato Enokizono, Takashi Todaka, Takayuki Kai, Shigeru Aihara
The numbers of the stator and rotor slots were 36 and 28, respectively.
The material of the model core was 0.5 mm thickness non-oriented silicon steel sheet, and the total number of lamination was 20.
The number of stator winding in each phase was equal to 120.
The number of the sampling points, the sampling frequency and the number of the measured points were 20000, 1MHz and 2400, respectively.
[7] K.Senda, M.Ishida, K.Sato, M.Komatubara, T.Yamaguchi: Localized Magnetic Properties in Grain-oriented Silicon Steel Measured by Stylus Probe Method.
The material of the model core was 0.5 mm thickness non-oriented silicon steel sheet, and the total number of lamination was 20.
The number of stator winding in each phase was equal to 120.
The number of the sampling points, the sampling frequency and the number of the measured points were 20000, 1MHz and 2400, respectively.
[7] K.Senda, M.Ishida, K.Sato, M.Komatubara, T.Yamaguchi: Localized Magnetic Properties in Grain-oriented Silicon Steel Measured by Stylus Probe Method.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Shuang Hua Huang, Cong Xue Tian, Hua Chen, An Bing Liang, Hong Pu
The formation of metatitanic acid in the thermal hydrolysis of TiOSO4 by self-generating seeded goes through a series of steps involving ionic reaction, olation and oxolation, nucleation, grain growth and aggregate to the final form [6].
The Volume ratio of pre-adding water to TiOSO4 solution influenced the number and activity of the seed crystal, thereby influenced nucleation, crystallization and aggregation process, eventually determined morphology and pigment properties of the product.
With rising pre-adding volume ratio, number and activity and dispersion of seed crystals increased [9] bringing about the formation rate of initial nuclei and secondary nuclei enlarging, resulting in forming the smaller hydrated TiO2 particles.
Colloid Ti4+ accumulate gradually as the extension of time, homogeneous nucleation dominant, instantly generate a large number of nuclei and finer the primary particles, the rate of hydrolysis sharp increase.
The Volume ratio of pre-adding water to TiOSO4 solution influenced the number and activity of the seed crystal, thereby influenced nucleation, crystallization and aggregation process, eventually determined morphology and pigment properties of the product.
The Volume ratio of pre-adding water to TiOSO4 solution influenced the number and activity of the seed crystal, thereby influenced nucleation, crystallization and aggregation process, eventually determined morphology and pigment properties of the product.
With rising pre-adding volume ratio, number and activity and dispersion of seed crystals increased [9] bringing about the formation rate of initial nuclei and secondary nuclei enlarging, resulting in forming the smaller hydrated TiO2 particles.
Colloid Ti4+ accumulate gradually as the extension of time, homogeneous nucleation dominant, instantly generate a large number of nuclei and finer the primary particles, the rate of hydrolysis sharp increase.
The Volume ratio of pre-adding water to TiOSO4 solution influenced the number and activity of the seed crystal, thereby influenced nucleation, crystallization and aggregation process, eventually determined morphology and pigment properties of the product.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Priit Kulu, Vitali Podgursky, Andrei Bogatov, Taavi Raadik, Amarnath Reddy Kamjula, Menelaos Tsigkourakos, Thomas Hantschel
Peaks at 522 and 976 cm-1 correspond to Si, the peak at 1332 cm-1 is related to diamond and the peaks at 1134 cm-1 and 1540 cm-1 are ascribed to the amorphous network (trans-polyacetylene at the grain boundaries).
Fig. 1b shows typical COF versus number of cycles curves recorded during the sliding tests on the NCD films against Si3N4.
number of peaks along the scan line) were obtained from it and are reported in Table 1.
A number of grooves on the NCD surface decreases from Fig. 2a to Fig. 2c and only two grooves can be found in Fig. 2c.
Therefore, the number of grooves decreases with increasing frequency (from 2 Hz to 10 Hz) and sliding distance (from 14 400 to 108 000 cycles).
Fig. 1b shows typical COF versus number of cycles curves recorded during the sliding tests on the NCD films against Si3N4.
number of peaks along the scan line) were obtained from it and are reported in Table 1.
A number of grooves on the NCD surface decreases from Fig. 2a to Fig. 2c and only two grooves can be found in Fig. 2c.
Therefore, the number of grooves decreases with increasing frequency (from 2 Hz to 10 Hz) and sliding distance (from 14 400 to 108 000 cycles).
Online since: June 2017
Authors: Shuai Li, Wen Hui Chen, Jia Liu, Yong Hua Ji, Wen Fang Wu
Al2O3-Fe-based cermet is the introduction of iron particles into the ceramic matrix, which greatly refine the Al2O3 grain, and enhance the toughness and strength of ceramics, has great practical significance [3, 4].
Content Numbering Low-grade bauxite /% Kaolin /% Quartz /% Iron powder /% Water content /% Stationary time /day 1 50 35 15 0 7 2 2 50 33 13 4 7 2 3 50 31 11 8 7 2 4 50 29 9 12 7 2 5 50 27 7 16 7 2 6 50 25 5 20 7 2 Performance Testing Determination of Bulk Density, Water Absorption and Apparent Porosity.
Numbering Dry weight Weight after corrosion /g Surface area/ mm2 Corrosion rate / g/dm2·h /g 1 86.85 85.91 114.60 0.034 2 86.09 85.26 140.80 0.025 3 98.34 97.65 141.82 0.020 4 112.53 111.54 145.68 0.028 5 110.38 109.73 146.72 0.018 6 125.62 124.54 148.80 0.030 Table 3 shows that the corrosion rate of specimen No. 1 is the maximum, which is 0.034 g/dm2·h, the corrosion rate of specimen No.5 is the minimum, which is 0.018 g/dm2·h.
Numbering Diameter /cm Thickness /cm Bear pressure / KN compressive strength/ g/dm2·h 1 7.2 1.4 169.54 41.66 2 7.3 1.5 202.39 48.42 3 7.2 1.2 215.27 52.90 4 7.5 1.3 352.28 79.79 5 7.2 1.2 284.59 69.94 6 7.2 1.1 366.17 89.99 As can be seen from the above table, with the increase of iron powder content, the compressive strength of the specimen is gradually increasing.
Numbering P b /mm h / mm Bending strength / MPa /KN 1 0.24 41.6 9.6 9.39 2 0.09 40.3 8.0 5.23 3 0.18 43.0 10.1 6.16 4 0.43 41.4 9.9 15.90 5 0.09 43.6 9.6 3.36 6 0.14 44.0 10.3 4.50 As can be seen from the above table, the bending strength of No.4 is the largest, which is 15.90MPa.
Content Numbering Low-grade bauxite /% Kaolin /% Quartz /% Iron powder /% Water content /% Stationary time /day 1 50 35 15 0 7 2 2 50 33 13 4 7 2 3 50 31 11 8 7 2 4 50 29 9 12 7 2 5 50 27 7 16 7 2 6 50 25 5 20 7 2 Performance Testing Determination of Bulk Density, Water Absorption and Apparent Porosity.
Numbering Dry weight Weight after corrosion /g Surface area/ mm2 Corrosion rate / g/dm2·h /g 1 86.85 85.91 114.60 0.034 2 86.09 85.26 140.80 0.025 3 98.34 97.65 141.82 0.020 4 112.53 111.54 145.68 0.028 5 110.38 109.73 146.72 0.018 6 125.62 124.54 148.80 0.030 Table 3 shows that the corrosion rate of specimen No. 1 is the maximum, which is 0.034 g/dm2·h, the corrosion rate of specimen No.5 is the minimum, which is 0.018 g/dm2·h.
Numbering Diameter /cm Thickness /cm Bear pressure / KN compressive strength/ g/dm2·h 1 7.2 1.4 169.54 41.66 2 7.3 1.5 202.39 48.42 3 7.2 1.2 215.27 52.90 4 7.5 1.3 352.28 79.79 5 7.2 1.2 284.59 69.94 6 7.2 1.1 366.17 89.99 As can be seen from the above table, with the increase of iron powder content, the compressive strength of the specimen is gradually increasing.
Numbering P b /mm h / mm Bending strength / MPa /KN 1 0.24 41.6 9.6 9.39 2 0.09 40.3 8.0 5.23 3 0.18 43.0 10.1 6.16 4 0.43 41.4 9.9 15.90 5 0.09 43.6 9.6 3.36 6 0.14 44.0 10.3 4.50 As can be seen from the above table, the bending strength of No.4 is the largest, which is 15.90MPa.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: M.S. Shamsudin, Sam Jeffery Fishlock, Rafidah Ahmad, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood, Suhaila M. Sanip, Suan Hui Pu
This annealing step resulted in Ni grains of 20 and 50 µm average grain size for 30 and 60 minutes of thermal annealing, respectively.
It has also been shown that the shape and relative intensities of the G-, D- and D’-peaks depend markedly on the number of layers.
Biocompatibility, health and safety Graphene has been linked to a number of numerous potential applications.
Another significant issue regarding biological compatibility is the number of graphene layers.
The adsorptive capacity for any specific biological molecule is expected to decrease significantly as the number of layers increases.
It has also been shown that the shape and relative intensities of the G-, D- and D’-peaks depend markedly on the number of layers.
Biocompatibility, health and safety Graphene has been linked to a number of numerous potential applications.
Another significant issue regarding biological compatibility is the number of graphene layers.
The adsorptive capacity for any specific biological molecule is expected to decrease significantly as the number of layers increases.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Ye Hua Jiang, Zu Lai Li, Quan Shan, Ya Feng Zhang, Fei Zhang, Feng Rui Chen
The original location of the gray-black strip-like phase, thus the distribution of particles between the large number of white block inter-metallic compounds (Fig. 4b).
Inside, the ferrite matrix composites only a small part of the edge grain in WC particle melting generated Fe3W3C, WC particles in the pearlite matrix composites are almost melting, and the melting of W2C and Fe, C reaction generated Fe3W3C spread to the entire matrix, therefore, the degree of W2C melting and the formation of Fe3W3C are closely related to the C content in the matrix.
When the direction of force and the interface at the vertical, the interface will appear at the interface of micro-cracks eventually form micro-pores, resulting in cracks along the grain boundary tear.
A large number of cracks at the interface and the presence of pores in the original material reduce the effective bearing area of the material, and ultimately lead to fracture failure of the material.
The ferrite matrix composites have relatively complete interface phase, and the rate of micro-cracks growing up in the compression process is slow and the number of cracks is significantly reduced and does not fill the whole matrix (as shown in Fig. 10a), showing a better comprehensive mechanical properties.
Inside, the ferrite matrix composites only a small part of the edge grain in WC particle melting generated Fe3W3C, WC particles in the pearlite matrix composites are almost melting, and the melting of W2C and Fe, C reaction generated Fe3W3C spread to the entire matrix, therefore, the degree of W2C melting and the formation of Fe3W3C are closely related to the C content in the matrix.
When the direction of force and the interface at the vertical, the interface will appear at the interface of micro-cracks eventually form micro-pores, resulting in cracks along the grain boundary tear.
A large number of cracks at the interface and the presence of pores in the original material reduce the effective bearing area of the material, and ultimately lead to fracture failure of the material.
The ferrite matrix composites have relatively complete interface phase, and the rate of micro-cracks growing up in the compression process is slow and the number of cracks is significantly reduced and does not fill the whole matrix (as shown in Fig. 10a), showing a better comprehensive mechanical properties.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Zu Zhong Li, Shuan Fa Chen, Wei Dong Liao, Rui Xing Yuan
Experimental Models
In order to simulate the bending styles or shearing styles reflective cracks of asphalt concrete overlays on old cement concrete pavement, this research presents two models, which are shown in Fig.1, and the unit of number is cm.
(a) middle load test for fatigue (b) deflection load for fatigue Fig.1 Fatigue test modes of reflective cracking of overlays Table 1 The structure types for fatigue test of reflective cracking of overlays Serial number Types of overlays for testing Thickness [cm] A Asphalt concrete AC-13 5 B Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 5 C Single-side singeing geotextile + AC-13 5 D Glass fiber grid + AC-13 5 E Tricot geofabric reinforced composites + AC-13 5 F 2cm Sampave layer + 3cm asphalt concrete AC-13 5 Raw Materials and Technical Parameters Technical parameters of anti-cracking materials.
The maximum grain size of Sampave modified asphalt mixture is less than 9.5mm.
Table 5 The fatigue test results of the bending styles serial number test types of overlays Fatigue times of Cracks extending to different scale beginning 1 [cm] 2 [cm] 3 [cm] end A Asphalt concrete AC-13 458 1087 1750 2650 3876 B Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 517 1146 2765 3674 4320 C Single-side singeing geotextile + AC-13 734 2290 3862 6532 7767 D Glass fiber grid + AC-13 784 1876 4140 8245 9352 E Tricot geofabric reinforced composites + AC-13 769 1508 3973 8367 9562 F 2cm Sampave+ 3cm AC-13 AC-13 — — 758 1278 9682 Sampave 1132 2640 15970 — — The Fatigue Test Results of Shearing Types Based on the results of shearing types for fatigue test shown in Table 6, it can be concluded that: (1) Asphalt concrete AC-13 (type-A) When the times of deflection load came to 1242, the cracks began to extend along the cement concrete seam from bottom to top, and extended basically along the vertical direction upwards, there are also some small slant cracks, when the cracks extended to
(2) Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 (type-B) When the times came to 2178, the first cracks appeared, the width of cracks was small and the number of the fine cracks increased. while the times were up to 16941, the cracks run through overlays, which showed that fiber was effective to improve the anti-cracking performance of asphalt concrete for fatigue to some extent
(a) middle load test for fatigue (b) deflection load for fatigue Fig.1 Fatigue test modes of reflective cracking of overlays Table 1 The structure types for fatigue test of reflective cracking of overlays Serial number Types of overlays for testing Thickness [cm] A Asphalt concrete AC-13 5 B Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 5 C Single-side singeing geotextile + AC-13 5 D Glass fiber grid + AC-13 5 E Tricot geofabric reinforced composites + AC-13 5 F 2cm Sampave layer + 3cm asphalt concrete AC-13 5 Raw Materials and Technical Parameters Technical parameters of anti-cracking materials.
The maximum grain size of Sampave modified asphalt mixture is less than 9.5mm.
Table 5 The fatigue test results of the bending styles serial number test types of overlays Fatigue times of Cracks extending to different scale beginning 1 [cm] 2 [cm] 3 [cm] end A Asphalt concrete AC-13 458 1087 1750 2650 3876 B Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 517 1146 2765 3674 4320 C Single-side singeing geotextile + AC-13 734 2290 3862 6532 7767 D Glass fiber grid + AC-13 784 1876 4140 8245 9352 E Tricot geofabric reinforced composites + AC-13 769 1508 3973 8367 9562 F 2cm Sampave+ 3cm AC-13 AC-13 — — 758 1278 9682 Sampave 1132 2640 15970 — — The Fatigue Test Results of Shearing Types Based on the results of shearing types for fatigue test shown in Table 6, it can be concluded that: (1) Asphalt concrete AC-13 (type-A) When the times of deflection load came to 1242, the cracks began to extend along the cement concrete seam from bottom to top, and extended basically along the vertical direction upwards, there are also some small slant cracks, when the cracks extended to
(2) Fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AC-13 (type-B) When the times came to 2178, the first cracks appeared, the width of cracks was small and the number of the fine cracks increased. while the times were up to 16941, the cracks run through overlays, which showed that fiber was effective to improve the anti-cracking performance of asphalt concrete for fatigue to some extent
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Rong Ze Xia, Yan Jia, Wang Qun Lin, Hu Li
In this paper, we collect the data through the API of twitter and mine information spreading based on users retweet behavior at a coarse-grained level.
We define retweet-width as following: it’s the number of retweet behavior of a tweet at one level.
But we do not count B’s retweet number as A’s retweet-width.
Only 110 tweets achieve that number.
First we know that the number of tweets based on each depth is different.
We define retweet-width as following: it’s the number of retweet behavior of a tweet at one level.
But we do not count B’s retweet number as A’s retweet-width.
Only 110 tweets achieve that number.
First we know that the number of tweets based on each depth is different.
Online since: August 2007
Authors: Thomas Fiedler, Graeme E. Murch, Andreas Öchsner, Nilindu Muthubandara, Irina V. Belova
Since the available computer hardware limits the
number of degrees of freedom, not the whole structure can be meshed.
In the Monte Carlo calculation, a fine grained square planar lattice (151 x 151) with standard periodic boundaries containing a single circle or square representing the inclusion is employed thereby implying a square planar arrangement of the inclusions.
The number of particles released is typically 10 6 and this provides the ensemble average as required in Eq. 5.
The number of time steps per particle used in the present calculations to ensure long-time behavior was 2 x 10 6 for the case analyzed here where the conductivities did not differ by more than an order of magnitude.
The source and sink planes are separated by some 100 planes in the +x direction and by the same number of planes via the periodic boundary in the -x direction.
In the Monte Carlo calculation, a fine grained square planar lattice (151 x 151) with standard periodic boundaries containing a single circle or square representing the inclusion is employed thereby implying a square planar arrangement of the inclusions.
The number of particles released is typically 10 6 and this provides the ensemble average as required in Eq. 5.
The number of time steps per particle used in the present calculations to ensure long-time behavior was 2 x 10 6 for the case analyzed here where the conductivities did not differ by more than an order of magnitude.
The source and sink planes are separated by some 100 planes in the +x direction and by the same number of planes via the periodic boundary in the -x direction.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Takayuki Shibata, Takashi Samura, Takeshi Uno, Takeshi Itazu, Norihito Ito, Masami Masuda, Osamu Horiuchi
Table 1 Experimental conditions
Fig. 1 Configurations of workpiece
On the surface of work plate of ultrafine grain cemented carbide (Sumitomo Hard Metal, AF1), square grooves or 90 degree V-grooves were ground, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 Depth of groove for various experiments Groove number (c) S series Groove number (d) SN series (b) VN series (a) V series Fig. 2 shows the average grinding forces where the mean value of the average grinding forces of 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th ,40th and 50th groove and its variation are plotted.
In many cases, the depth of groove does not change along with the groove number, therefore in those cases the wheel wear was considered small.
In case of V5, VN5, S5 and SN5, however, the depth of groove apparently decreases with an increase of the groove number.
The radius of corner generally increased within the variation with an increase of groove number.
Fig. 5 Depth of groove for various experiments Groove number (c) S series Groove number (d) SN series (b) VN series (a) V series Fig. 2 shows the average grinding forces where the mean value of the average grinding forces of 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th ,40th and 50th groove and its variation are plotted.
In many cases, the depth of groove does not change along with the groove number, therefore in those cases the wheel wear was considered small.
In case of V5, VN5, S5 and SN5, however, the depth of groove apparently decreases with an increase of the groove number.
The radius of corner generally increased within the variation with an increase of groove number.