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While the Voce-type constitutive equation is empirically based and fitted by experimental data from compression tests, the 3IVM model is based on dislocation statistics.
Although the latter model also needs to be fitted by experimental data, it derives the flow stress from the state of the local mobile and immobile dislocation densities in cell interior and walls, which have to be predicted by the model.
A reduction of the Mg content causes an accumulating decrease in exit temperature from pass to pass.
In fig.6 this is depicted for a cold rolling pass with a reduction of 0.7 mm to 0.3 mm of a 1600 mm wide 1xxx strip.
Although many models are still inaccurate and boundary and material data may be lacking for precise predictions, it is of industrial interest to run variation computations with such coupled systems in order to gain information on the relevance of single mechanisms.

In a study by Mao et al. [7] evidence is given that the hot-rolling process of plates strengthens the {111} <110> || ND component for increasing reduction of the thickness of the rolling sheets.
The plastic deformation associated to the thickness reduction by rolling is responsible for increasing density of structural defects (dislocations and vacancies) which will inhibit the reverse transformation by decreasing the mobility of the interface martensite / austenite; this will shift the reverse transformation to higher temperature with increasing reduction of the thickness of the NiTi plates.
Conventional angular dispersion X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) with an X-ray tube cannot be used for real-time investigations with a time resolution better than some minutes because of the long measurement times required for serial data collection.
Very short measurement times (in the range of seconds) are allowed by the combination of the high brilliance of the synchrotron radiation and the parallel data collection by the energy-dispersive detector.
The fast data taking and visualization allow parameter corrections in nearly ''real time'' and, thereby, an active design of the future functionality.

Based on the results, a reduction in the magnesium content results in smaller number of graphite precipitations in the microstructure.
Comparing the materials, gray cast iron shows a lower correlation factor with respect to that for ductile cast iron because the tensile data for gray cast iron exhibit scatters in a broad spectrum at a certain ultrasonic sound speed.
The reduction in the temperature as well as the lower amount of the nodulizer in the molten metal results in a change of the graphite shapes from nodular to vermicular type.
Since there is not a sufficient number of nodular graphite in the non-nodulizer case, there is no data about the graphite size for this specimen.
[2] Data handbook for ductile cast iron, 172 vols.

The authors noted a significant reduction in surface roughness and chatter under piezoelectric damping of the boring bar with a shunt circuit.
Step 1 −Normalization of the original data: since studied performance characteristics have different units, data processing should be carried out to normalize all S/N ratios which are considered as original sequences xi(0)(k). xi*(k) are the comparability sequences after normalization where i=1, 2, …,m (m being the number of experiments) and k=1, 2, …,n (n being the number of the performance characteristics to be evaluated and optimized).
This improvement is mainly attributed to a significant reduction of surface roughness and an increase in the axial residual stress.
Data corresponding to the best tested machining conditions.
[18] de Aguiar, H.C.G., et al., Reduction of internal turning surface roughness by using particle damping aided by airflow.

The data shows that one toner cartridge remains 100g toner powder which will result in hundreds of thousands of kilos contaminated micro dust yearly in China.
According to official documents in China, named separately and , the municipal government of Shanghai is promoting the development of printing supplies remanufacturing industry, which has been a part work of Chinese energy and emission reduction work.
It is important to collect life cycle inventory data.
The data on manufacturing toner cartridge and remanufacturing toner cartridge was obtained from remanufacturing enterprises.
If the amount of government procurement was up to 30 per cent, emission reductions of CO2 will reach to 72000 kg per year, saving raw material 100500 kg and saving electrical power 60000 kWh, which would be obvious to energy saving & emission reductions.

The results obtained in the course of experimental studies were processed in the program STATISNIKA, mathematical data processing was carried out in the program Mathcad.
Since the same degree of phase transformation leads to the same increase in porosity, it is obvious that other factors also have an impact on the strength reduction.
Revai proved that the size of pores and crystals, as well as the specific surface area, i.e. the microstructure of the material, play an important role in the development of the strength reduction process.
X-ray phase analysis data are confirmed by differential thermal analysis.
Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that regardless of the ratio of the binder and silica component in the compositions in which part of the silica component is replaced by a zeolite-containing rock, it has greater strength.

Fig.10 shows the critical reduction in height of the as-received specimen and after 1, 2 and 3 passes.
For the specimens after 1 and 2 passes, the critical Ferrite phase Pearlite phase 0.25%C 0.50%C Fig.9 TEM micrographs of the ferrite and pearlite microstructures of 0.25%C steel sample with HV262 and 0.50%C sample with HV337 after 3 passes and heat treatment [13] HV262 HV337 0.5µm reduction in height becomes smaller a little compared with the as-received specimen.
It was 0 1 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 Number of Shear Deformation Critical Upsetting Reduction / % Fig.10 Critical upsetting reduction in height of as-received specimen and specimens after 1, 2 and 3 passes of 0.50% carbon steel 103 104 105 106 107 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / Tensile strength Fig.11 S-N curves of as-received specimen and specimen after 3 passes of 0.50%C steel [14] Fig.12 Relationship between the load ratio of (applied stress)/(tensile strength) and number of cycles on fatigue tests [14] 103 104 105 106 107 0 500 1000 1500 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / MPa Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) increased by a factor of 2 after 3passes for 0.50% carbon steel and the value was
(4) The critical reduction in height in upsetting test for the specimen of 0.50% carbon steel after 3 passes was similar to that of the as received specimen
Moreover, lot of data of secondary formability such as upsettability and roll formability is necessary in practical use for the structural application.

A significant reduction in the cutting forces was reported when VAT was applied experimentally [9].
It was found that a significant reduction in cutting forces occurred when cutting at speed below the critical one [14].
Results showed that 70% and 50% reduction in the normal and the tangential grinding forces, respectively.
Results concluded that a remarkable reduction in cutting forces and surface roughness were observed [26].
This data can be used as a guide for further experimental work.

The decrease in osteoclast expression induced both the reduction of the skeletal system and calcification of the medullary cavity, which are typical features of osteopetrosis.
Data were presented as means ±standard deviation (SD).
Data are expressed as means sSD (error bars).

., Craiova, Dolj, Romania amadalina.xenia.calbureanu@gmail.com, bralucamalciu@yahoo.com, cdiana.calbureanu@gmail.com, danca.mogo@yahoo.com Keywords: high efficiency installations, Nzeb, energy efficiency, thermal rehabilitation Abstract: This paper purpose is to provide recommendations for a public buildings – hospital - x in order to increase energy efficiency, saving primary resources, to ensure a healthy indoor climate for users, and last but not least to ensure a reduction of CO2 emissions in order to ensure an external environment with low pollutant emissions.
Table 1 Data from thermal energy analysis Usable area [m2] Heated Volume [m3] Total energy for heating [kWh] Total energy for hot water [kWh] Total energy for lighting [kWh] 3560.00 14320.00 1407831.20 328138.26 226807.25 Fig. 7 shows energy consumption related to the building analyzed by categories and their weight in utilities - heating-cooling, domestic hot water consumption, ventilation and lighting.
Reducing the need for heating through measures applied to buildings, as a first step in the process of major renovation of the building and transformation into NZEB, has a significant impact on the input data needed to design the installations, so that rigorous models of thermotechnical calculation of constructions are required, which to be taken over in the dimensioning phase of the installations.