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It wins everyone's favor with its unique superiority, obtains the promotion and the application in most areas of our country, and appears a large number of the production of vitrified bead.
There is a great defect of the grain size, apparent density, vitreous membrane cover area, resulting in thermal insulation vitrified bead layer of material coefficient of thermal conductivity and wall heat transfer coefficient, strength, density, water absorption, and difficult to guarantee the actual demand of building energy saving project.
Provincial Natural Science Fund; Item number: KJ2013Z103 References [1] Lu Yuhua, The Application of thermal insulation vitrified small ball mortar in external wall energy-saving Engineering; Research & Application of Building Materials,2011(9): 26-27 [2] Information on http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/ [3] JC/T 1042—2007, Expanded and vitrified small ball [4] Zhao Lei, Ye Beihong; Study of improvement on hydrophobicity of thermal insulation mortar containing vitried cenospheres; Chemical Materials for Construction, 2009(5): 34-37 [5] Guo Zhongchao; Study on the process and key control point of F-16 inorganic fiber spraying; Resources Economization & Enviromentprotection; 2010(1): 61-63.

Moving dislocations interact with different obstacles (other dislocations, grain boundaries and precipitates) preventing their (dislocations) further movement and propagation.
The diagram shows that represented dependence can be described by a single equation, which confirms that the number of different signs pre-strains does not affect the level of effect Bauschinger.
Comparing yield point values calculated using a mathematical model to the values determined experimentally showing good correlation R = 0.98 (Fig. 6) of data, which also supports the conclusion that the number of different signs pre-strains does not affect the level of Bauschinger effect.

Micro-tubes running parallel to the surface and grain boundaries are enlarged, and triangular shaped etch pits have formed where micro-pipes and other dislocations penetrate the surface.
The chart in fig. 3 shown the increase of step bunching number.
In fig. 3a an increase of the number of step bunching as a function of the etching time was observed.

As the compaction temperature increased from 20 to 300 o C, the size of pores increased from 1.69 to 2.31 nm, whereas the number of pores decreased from 169 to 71 (1/cmÅ 2) in case of 1.6 GPa compaction pressure.
Since we assumed there are no other components in the samples, this leads to the assumption that the measured scattering signal originates from pore/grain interface.
As the compaction temperature increased from 20 to 300 o C, the size of pores increased from 1.69 to 2.31 nm, however, the number of pores decreased from 169 to 71 (1/cmÅ 2) in case of 1.6 GPa compaction pressure.

Seeded and grain size controlled crystal growths allow higher efficiencies to be achieved on directionally solidified multicrystalline Si (mc-Si).
A number of techniques have been used for the electrical characterisation of silicon bricks prior to wafer slicing, such as microwave detected photoconductance decay (µ-PCD) [5,6] and inductively coupled quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC) [7,8].
However the InGaAs camera resolves smaller grain structures with better contrast.
In the InGaAs image the bulk lifetime contrast is almost entirely limited by lateral minority carrier diffusion into the grain boundaries and dislocations and not by optical image blur, which dominates the Si CCD detected image [26].
Spectral PL data on silicon samples have been used in a number of applications, for example as a sensitive measure to determine the silicon absorption coefficient at very low values and for different types of doping concentrations as shown by Daub et al. [34,35].

The following controls were used to run the simulation: - number of steps = 120, - step increment = 10, and - Control time = 0.01 sec/step increment.
As a result, effective strain decreased from 5.04 (mm/mm) to 5.00 (mm/mm), and stress and strain were directly proportionate, resulting in less plastic deformation and limited grain structure refinement.
The effective strain causes the least amount of plastic deformation and restricts the refinement of grain structure.
As a result of this experiment, the following observations were made: • The effective strain and stress decreased when the forging temperature increased with 200° C intervals from 800° C to 1200° C, resulting in less plastic deformation and less refinement of grain structure
Acknowledgment This research was supported by INDMET project; grant number 62862 funded by the NORHED II program.

The process of remolding and filling is that at first dried and pulverized (the diameter of grain is less than 0.1 mm), and then homogeneous watered the clay soil until the moisture content has been attained to optimum moisture content, at last filled the clay soil with the optimum moisture content into the model groove.
Embedded soil stress mini-cells into clay soil The number of soil stress mini-cells embedded into clay soil is 16, and the aim of these cells is measured the variation of vertical and horizontal stress during the course of penetrating by probe.
distance(cm) distance(cm) number number radial cells axial cells Fig 1 The embedded style figure of the second cell layer Analysis on test results According to the test results, during the course of penetrating, the subsidiary stress measured by the cells of the second cell layer has been acquired (as shown in Fig 2).
Acknowledgements This paper is supported jointly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (the approval number is 40172090 and 50809035), and the direct fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education (the approval number is 2008ZRJ06).

Fig. 3 shows an overview of the main influencing factors and the results from the large number of strip drawing tests.
The diagrams in Fig. 3 depict the effects of the main influencing factors such as number of holes, micro hole diameters and micro hole geometry (at 5 MPa and 15 MPa) on the friction coefficient.
Surface of radius inserts is polished using a diamond suspension (grain size 0.25 μm) after hardening to 60+2HRC.
Thus, a further increase of the number of injectors would probably not further improve the tribological system.
Conclusions to explain measured effects such as adhesion formation and saturation of number of injectors were drawn.

The main raw materials and agents used in this experiment were nano-Al2O3 (VK-L30), whose crystal structure and type was in α phase, average grain size was 30nm, the assay of Al2O3 was more than 99.99%; silicane coupling agent KH550; absolute ethyl alcohol; 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and 10% hydrochloric acid solution.
(2) In the formulas: A and A’ stand for absorbency, K and K’ stand for constants of proportionality, b stands for the thickness of absorption cell; c stands for the concentration of samples, ν stands for the particle number in unit volume.
When a beam of light is illuminating through a disperse system, the absorption of light can show the particle number in unit volume.
However, at wave numbers of 3447cm-1 and 2975cm-1 the peak intensity of hydroxyl have remarkably weakened after modification, which indicates that the number of hydroxyl has decreased.
Absorption peaks corresponding to those of KH550 appear at wave numbers of 2926.21cm-1, 1604.37cm-1, 1002.58cm-1, which have not been found in the unmodified Al2O3, particularly 1604.37cm-1, 1002.58cm-1 respectively corresponding to the characteristic absorption peaks of –NH2 and Si-O-Si of KH550.

On comparing the properties of some materials on the tab.1, we decided to growth interlayer on the Ti6Al4V substrate, one of which is Ti and Ti-DLC alternation layer composed of cycle number 7, another is alternation layer of Ti and TiN plus alternation layer of Ti and Ti-DLC respectively cycle number 7, and then The softer Tix-DLC layer（x is 18.8%） and harder Tiy-DLC layer (y is 8.8%） be alternate arranged to form the thicker multilayer, cycle number is 15, In order to increase the hardness, decrease the friction coefficient, top layer is the multilayer DLC of cycle number 10 prepared by ion assisted [10], thickness of single layers is 26nm.
From TEM cross-sections of figure 3, we can find that there are some black grains, but no peak of nano-crystal TiC which have been reported in LinSunSheng' work[11], found in XPS, XRD spectrumn.
The Raman spectrum ofr sample 1# and multilayer sample 2# are the same, and correspond to high-quality DLC, indicating that the argon ion alternative etching and sputtering have little infection on structure of films. 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Relative intensity Wave number /cm-1 1# multilayer 2# Fig. 4, the Raman spectrum of sample 1# and multilayer sample 2# XPS spectrum.